Abstract: A process for producing 7-octen-1-al by isomerization of 2,7.octadien-1-ol by feeding 2,7-octadien-1-ol and hydrogen to a reaction zone in the presence of a copper catalyst while controlling the molar ratio of 2,7-octadien-1-ol to hydrogen within a range of 99/1 to 75/25, and effecting isomerization in the gaseous phase. This process ensures a high yield, a high selectivity and stable operation over a long period of time.

Abstract: The invention relates to the preparation of the compound 4-(4-(4-(hydroxydiphenyl)-1-piperidinyl)-1-hydroxybutyl)-.alpha.,.alpha.-d imethylphenylacetic acid and its phosphorylated derivatives. These compounds can be prepared from .alpha.-(p-tert-butylphenyl)-4-(.alpha.-hydroxy-.alpha.-phenylbenzyl)-1-pi peridinylbutanol with the aid of fungi of the genus Cunninghamella or Absidia. The compounds according to the present invention can be used as pharmaceuticals for the treatment of allergic disorders, allergic rhinitis or asthma. Compounds of the formula II in which R.sup.1 is --CH.sub.2 --O--P(O)(OH).sub.2 and R.sup.2 is --OH; R.sup.1 is --CH.sub.3 and R.sup.2 is --O--P(O)(OH).sub.2 ; orR.sup.1 is --COOH and R.sup.2 is --O--P(O)(OH).sub.2 are produced by the process according to the present invention and are suitable as pharmaceuticals with antihistamine action.

Abstract: A class of quinolinic sulfide derivatives of formula I are potent and specific antagonists at the strychnine insensitive glycine bitding site on the NMDA receptor complex with an pharmacological advantageous profile. They may be useful in treatment or prevention of neuro-degenerative disorders. Particularly, the compounds included in the present invention are especially useful for minimizing damage of the central nervous system arising as a consequence of ischemic or hypoxic condition such as stroke, hypoglycemia, cerebral ischemia, cardiac arrest, and physical trauma. They are also useful in prevention of chronic neurodegenerative disorders including epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and Parkinsonism. By virtue of their NMDA receptor antagonist properties, the present compounds may also use as anticonvulsant, analgesic, antidepressant, anxiolytic, and antischizophrenic agent. Formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, and R are defined in specification.

Abstract: This invention relates to neurotrophic low molecular weight, small molecule heterocyclic thioesters and ketones having an affinity for FKBP-type immunophilins, and their use as inhibitors of the enzyme activity associated with immunophilin proteins, particularly peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, or rotamase, enzyme activity.

Abstract: A triketone compound of the following formula: ##STR1## wherein Y.sup.1 is C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, a halogen or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 haloalkyl; each of Y.sup.2 and Y.sup.3 is independently C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl; Y.sup.4 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl or a halogen; n is 0, 1 or 2; p is 0 or 1; each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is independently hydrogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl or phenyl; or when p is 1, either R.sup.1 or R.sup.2 and either R.sup.3 or R.sup.4 optionally bond to each other to form an intramolecular double bond; and X is a group of the formula ##STR2## in which each of R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 is independently a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl group or a phenyl group. The triketone compound is useful as a herbicide to control a broad range of upland weeks at a low dosage without causing phytotoxicity on corn.

Abstract: A method of reducing, treating or preventing drug-mediated respiratory depression in an animal, incident to the administration to said animal of a respiratory depression-mediating drug, comprising administering to the animal receiving said drug an effective amount of a .delta. receptor agonist compound.

Abstract: Donepezil hydrochloride, 1-benzyl-4-[(5,6-dimethoxy-1-indanon)-2-yl]methylpiperidine hydrochloride, is provided here in the form of four polymorphs which are stable against heat and humidity in the pharmaceutical use. They can be industrially produced. They are specified by peaks in X-ray powder diffraction pattern and absorption peaks in infrared absorption spectra in potassium bromide.

Abstract: The present invention is relative to a method of producing dry thioctic acid in which a raw material in which concentrated thioctic acid is present is treated with liquid or supercritical CO.sub.2, thus yielding thioctic acid with low residual solvent contents in a simple industrial method.

Abstract: Compositions including as active ingredients cyclical hydroxylamines of the formula (I) are usefull for treating and preventing pathologies concerned with over production of oxygen-centered free radicals and as foodstuff and cosmetic additives for preventing lipoperoxydation.

Abstract: A process for forming perylene-3, 4-dicarboxylic anhydrides by reacting a corresponding perylene-3,4:9, 10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride with a sterically hindered amine, as a base, at an elevated temperature.

Abstract: A process for producing optically active 2-halo-1-(substituted phenyl)ethanol of a formula (Ia) or optically active styrene oxide of a formula (Ib). The process comprises the steps of reacting a compound of a formula (II) with phthalic anhydride to give a compound of a formula (III), performing optical resolution on the resulting compound using an optically active organic amine as a resolving agent, and finally performing hydrolysis or alcoholysis on the optically resolved compound (Ia) or (Ib). The scheme of the above process is: wherein X represents a halogen atom, Y represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkyl group or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkoxy group, Z represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group, n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 3 and m is 0 or an integer of 1 to 2. The resulting optically active compounds are useful as an intermediate for medicines.

Abstract: The instant invention provides improved processes for preparing benzothiophenes utilizing cation exchange resins.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising mirtazapine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliaries. In particular the SSRI is selected from fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, citalopram, cericlamine, femoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, ifoxetine, cyanodothiepin and litoxetine. The composition which can be used to treat depressant patients has less side effects than treatment of the patients with mirtazapine or the SSRI alone.

Abstract: A bait for controlling parasite pests, particularly insects, including a hydrated gelling agent and an active material such as a 1-arylpyrazole derivative.

Abstract: This invention describes methods of treating conditions associated with an excess of neuropeptide Y which comprises administering an obesity protein. This invention also describes methods of treating conditions associated with an excess of neuropeptide Y which comprises administering an obesity protein in combination with a neuropeptide Y antagonist. This invention demonstrates that the obesity protein acts by reducing the production of neuropeptide Y by the hypothalamus.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 is hydrogen or alkyl; R.sup.2 is alkylene; R.sup.3 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, halogen, nitro group, amino group, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, aryl, or aralkyl; X is aryl, or aromatic heterocyclic; Y is oxygen, sulfur or a group of formula >N--R.sup.4, in which R.sup.4 is hydrogen, alkyl or acyl; and Z is a group of formula (Za), (Zb), (Zc) or (Zd): ##STR2## and salts thereof can be used to treat or prevent are included those arising from hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, obesity, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), insulin resistant non-IGT (NGT), non-diagnostic glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, diabetic complications, fatty liver, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); in addition the compounds of the present invention have aldose reductase inhibitory activity.

Abstract: Disclosed are aromatic condensation compounds useful as building blocks for construction of various types of optically active substances and reagent, wherein the aromatic condensation compounds are represented by general formula (1) below and capable of forming enantiomeric isomers. In the formula, two Rs are the same or different functional groups and selected from among linear, branched and cyclic hydrocarbon groups of 1-16 carbon atoms, either of which R may be hydrogen. A portion of the aromatic nucleus may be reduced, or at least one of the two nitrogen atoms may be quaternary. The aromatic condensation compounds can be produced by heating and reacting N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine with a carboxylic acid represented by the general formula --RCOOH in an amount of at least 2 molar equivalents with respect to the diamine, at 180-210.degree. C. in the presence of a Lewis acid such as zinc chloride.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A represents a bidentate group of formula --CH.sub.2 --X--CH.sub.2 -- (wherein X is methylene, sulfur or oxygen), X'C.dbd.CY or X'WC--CYZ (wherein X', W, Y and Z are independently hydrogen, hydroxy, acyloxy, alkoxy, alkylsilyloxy, cyano or halogen, or X' and W or Y and Z together with the carbon to which they are attached form a carbonyl group), provided that A is not CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 ; Ar is an optionally substituted phenyl or 5-or 6-membered heterocyclic ring system containing from 1 to 3 heteroatoms individually selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur atoms, and at least one unsaturation (double bond) between adjacent atoms in the ring, said heterocyclic ring being optionally fused to a benzene ring; aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroarylalkyl, alkenyl, aralkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkanesulfonyl, arenesulfonyl, alkanyloxycarbonyl, aralkyloxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, heterocyclylalkyl, carbamyl, dithiocarboxyl moieties of R, R.sup.3 and R.sup.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of .alpha.-hydroxyketoalkyl derivatives as light protection filters for cosmetic or pharmaceutical products, the .alpha.-hydroxyketoalkyl group being linked, if appropriate via a spacer, to a chromophoric group which has an absorption maximum in a wavelength range of between 280 and 400 nm and has a conjugated .pi.-electron system of at least 8 .pi.-electrons, and to new .alpha.-hydroxyalkyl derivatives, processes for their preparation and pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations comprising these derivatives as light protection substances.

Abstract: It is possible to prepare in high yield and purity the racemic and meso forms of bridged chiral metallocenes with a stereoselective method, by synthesizing the sylil-, germyl- or stannyl-substituted ligands. These compounds can be prepared in their racemic and meso forms, and then selectively transformed in the corresponding metallocenes.