Abstract: An oscillator for producing an output signal having a predetermined frequency for use in an electronic timepiece. The oscillator comprises a miniature crystal vibrator having a high resonant frequency, a case housing the crystal vibrator, an integrated circuit comprising an oscillator circuit with the crystal vibrator, and a trimmer condenser for adjusting the high resonant frequency. The trimmer condenser is formed on an external recess portion of said case, and is connected with the crystal vibrator and integrated circuit by a circuit having low stray capacitances. The oscillator is therefor highly insensitive to external electric fields.

Abstract: A complementary inverter amplifier circuit comprising a complementary inverter including a p-channel MIS FET connected to a first source potential, an n-channel MIS FET connected to a second source potential, the gate of the two FETs being applied with a common linear input, respective load resistors connected to the drains of the complementary FETs, an output being derived from the interconnection point of the load resistors or from the drains of the FETs, and a bias resistor connected between the gate and the drain of each of the complementary FETs, the input being supplied to the gates of the FETs through respective capacitors. The p-channel FET and n-channel FET are individually biased so that the circuit may serve as a class B push pull amplifier of low power consumption.

Abstract: For eliminating an unwanted leaking local oscillator signal from the output of a double-balanced mixer circuit in a microwave frequency up-converter, a band rejection filter formed of series connected impedance inverter elements and a plurality of tuned cavity resonators is provided. The cavity resonators are integrally formed by the cylindrical walls of an aluminum housing, the top portion of which is formed of a plated printed circuit board. That face of the printed circuit board which faces the cylindrical cavities of the resonators is plated with copper to form the upper surface of each resonator. The other side of the printed circuit board is selectively plated with copper layers which extend through the board to the lower layer to provide an extensive ground plane.

Abstract: A stabilization system for IMPATT diode microwave oscillators, comprising: means for electrical and mechanical support of said IMPATT diode, forming the return conductor of the feeding, the thermal dissipator and the terminal of a transmission line; a power supply feeding conductor for said diode comprising a substantially filamentary conducting element, inductively associated for a portion thereof to a ferrite, said ferrite being characterized in having high losses in the frequency spectrum where spurious oscillations might appear, and practically neglectable losses at the operating frequencies of said IMPATT diode.

Abstract: A device is provided for pretesting originals to be copied for their copyability. The device includes a photoelectric point by point scanner and a decision circuit for evaluating density scanning values from the scanner. The decision circuit compares the scanning values with the minimum scanning value and produces a clear signal when a predetermined number of scanning values exceeds the minimum value by at least a given first threshold value. If this criterion is not fulfilled a skip signal is produced. In a preferred embodiment the decision circuit produces the clear signal only if the average value of a predetermined number of highest scanning values exceeds the minimum value by at least the given first threshold value.

Abstract: An injection-locked ultra-high frequency solid-state oscillator employs an injection locking method in which an ultra-high frequency output power from a solid-state oscillator is stabilized by injecting an output signal from another stable oscillator. The signal injected into the solid-state oscillator has an optional frequency low enough as compared to that of the output power from the solid-state oscillator and is supplied through a bias supplying circuit or the like. Injection of such low-frequency signal produces sideband waves around the oscillation-wave from the solid-state oscillator while one of such sideband waves is trapped by a high-Q cavity resonator provided in the vicinity of a solid-state oscillating element of the solid state oscillator. The oscillation wave from the solid-state oscillator becomes low noise with the sideband wave trapped, and the frequency of the oscillation wave from the solid-state oscillator is made variable in obedience to the variation of the injection signal frequency.

Abstract: A phase synchronizing circuit for use in a multi-level, multi-phase, superposition-modulating signal transmission system is disclosed. The circuit includes a voltage-controlled oscillator which is responsive to a phase error signal. The output of the voltage-controlled oscillator is supplied as the reference input to a phase-detecting circuit. First and second demodulator circuits receive the output of the phase-detecting circuit and detect the superposition modulated signal. A logic circuit processes the outputs of the demodulator circuits to produce a signal representing a phase difference between first and second modulated carrier waves. Control circuitry is responsive to the output of the logic circuit for controlling at least one of the phase variation and the amplitude variation on the phase error signal.

Abstract: A digitally controlled microwave phase lock loop for switching rapidly from one lock frequency to another is disclosed. A digital word corresponding to a desired input voltage for a selected frequency is converted to an analog voltage for application to the coarse tuning port of the loop's voltage controlled oscillator. Prior to switching to another frequency, the error voltage for the fine tuning port is compared with a zero error reference voltage. The least significant bit of the digital word for such frequency is increased or decreased by one depending on the direction difference between the compared voltages. This incrementally changed word controls the coarse tuning voltage during the next selection of the particular frequency. The system is initialized by repetitively selecting each of the possible frequencies until the digital word for each selected frequency is within one increment of the zero error reference voltage for the fine tuning port.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for generating a plurality of preselected frequencies in a radio frequency device such as a receiver, transmitter or transceiver. It comprises means for generating a first reference signal having a predetermined frequency and means, including at least two voltage controlled oscillators (VCO), a mixer, a programmable frequency divider, and a switch, for generating a second reference signal, with the mixer being coupled to the first reference signal generating means and being selectively coupled on one of the VCO's by the switch to generate an output signal having a frequency corresponding to the difference between the frequency of said first reference signal and the frequency of the selected variable-frequency oscillator.

Abstract: A circuit for extracting a carrier wave signal from a double binary PSK signal input is disclosed. The PSK input signal is applied to a first frequency doubler which doubles the frequency of the input signal. The output of the first frequency doubler is applied to a second frequency doubler and to first and second band-pass filter circuits. The second frequency doubler serves to quadruple the frequency of the PSk input signal and derives a signal having a line spectrum at the frequency 4fc whenever there is no phase shift between successive time slots of the PSK signal. The first and second band-pass filters derive first and second signals having line spectra at frequencies 2fc + fs and 2fc - fs, respectively, whenever there is a phase shift of +90.degree. or -90.degree., respectively, between successive time slots of the PSK input signal.

Abstract: Demodulation of M-ary continuous-phase FSK signals is effected in accordance with phase measurements taken at symbol transition times. The phase error caused by intersymbol interference is estimated by knowledge of the type and degree of distortion which is principally dependent upon the frequency difference between successive data symbols and phase distortion characteristics of the channel filter. Pairs of phase nodes are selected at each symbol transition time and, from each pair, a tentative choice is made by using the expected phase distortion based on adjacent phase node pairs. Refined choices are then made using the estimated phase distortion based on adjacent tentative choices. Differences between successive tentative choices of phase node selections yield a sequence of frequencies making up the FSK signal. Circuitry implementation embraces the use of phase-locked loop detectors and digital decision logic including programmable read-only memories.

Abstract: A temperature-compensated crystal oscillator for correcting frequency variations caused by temperature changes by means of a differential amplifier which detects an unbalanced voltage in a bridge circuit including a temperature sensitive element for controlling a capacitance of a variable capacitor. The oscillator includes a circuit element having a temperature characteristic responsive to a temperature characteristic of the variable capacitor. The aforesaid circuit element is positioned in a current sink path of the differential amplifier.

Abstract: The embedding network of a microwave oscillator comprises three lengths of parallel conductors supported above a ground plane and having odd and even mode short circuits thereon. Two of the conductors are connected to different ones of the electrodes of a bipolar microwave transistor which has a third electrode connected to ground. A load is connected between the third conductor and ground. Physical and electrical characteristics of the network are varied to cause parameters thereof to be desired values which yield maximum output power and oscillation at desired frequencies.

Abstract: In a phase locked loop circuit which includes a variable frequency oscillator, a reference signal oscillator, a phase comparator for detecting the phase difference between the output signals of the reference signal oscillator and the variable frequency oscillator, respectively, and a low pass filter supplied with the output of the comparator so as to provide a corresponding DC voltage for controlling the variable frequency oscillator, and in which the variable frequency oscillator is manually changed, as by a variable capacitor, so that the frequency thereof is an integral multiple of the frequency of the reference signal oscillator; a control signal generating circuit is provided to detect the DC voltage from the low pass filter and to produce a control signal when the DC voltage is outside a predetermined voltage range, with the control signal being applied to the variable frequency oscillator so as to vary the frequency thereof outside of the lock range of the phase locked loop toward the capture range the

Abstract: Arc-cosine phase modulation is achieved by transforming the baseband signal with a tanh.sup.-1 transformation function, by modulating a carrier signal with a quadrature sum of two exponential signals related to the inverse hyperbolic tangent signal, and by hard limiting and filtering the modulated signal.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for generating a plurality of preselected frequencies in a radio frequency device such as a receiver, transmitter or transceiver. It comprises two crystal-controlled reference signal oscillators. First and second controllable variable-frequency oscillators (VCO's), first and second mixers, and a programmable frequency divider, together generate first and second output signals, with the first mixer being coupled to the first crystal oscillator and to the first VCO to generate the first output signal having a frequency corresponding to the difference between the frequency of the first reference signal and that of the first VCO. The second mixer is coupled to the second crystal oscillator and to the second VCO to generate the second output signal which has a frequency corresponding to the difference between the frequency of the second reference signal and the frequency of the second VCO.

Abstract: A frequency-independent phase advancing system controlled by an external voltage, including a control loop of which the return circuit comprise a phase lagging circuit controlled by the external voltage, said external voltage undergoing a correction by circuits compensating the effect of frequency upon the lagging circuit.

Abstract: A received, suppressed carrier, quadraphase shift key modulated (QPSK) signal is demodulated with a phase locked loop including a variable frequency, coherent reference that drives first and second channels also responsive to the QPSK signal. The channels respectively derive first and second replicas of binary signals that modulated the suppressed carrier. The replicas are combined to derive a variable amplitude error signal for controlling the coherent reference frequency. The frequency of the coherent reference is dithered at a low rate so that there is derived a relatively low level tracking error phase from the locked loop. The frequency of the coherent reference is swept when the phase of the error signal differs from the dithering phase by a predetermined value that is appreciably less than 90.degree..

Abstract: An electronic kWh meter is disclosed which measures electrical energy consumed in an electrical system. A current transformer generates an analog voltage which is proportional to a current in the electrical system. An operational amplifier has an input resistor connected across the load impedance of the electrical system and has a feedback resistor connected across the input and output of the amplifier. The input resistance of the amplifier is very small compared to the resistance of the input resistor to thereby virtually isolate the operational amplifier from the electrical system. The operational amplifier generates an output signal which is proportional to the voltage across the load impedance in the electrical system. The inphase components of the voltage and current are multiplied to provide a signal which is proportional to the instantaneous power in the system. This signal is converted to a pulse train wherein each pulse represents a quantized amount of energy consumed within the system.

Abstract: In a crystal oscillator for solid state wristwatches, the input of an impedance converter is connected to the output of a complementarily connected transistor amplifier which performs linear operation within its essential operating range, thereby stabilizing and decreasing output impedance of the amplifier on the average. The impedance converter includes one or more active elements such as MOSFET's, junction type FET's and bipolar transistors. A quartz oscillator is connected between the input of the complementarily connected transistor amplifier and the output of the output impedance converter.