Abstract: A pancratic magnification system for at least two observation beam paths within a stereo microscope consists of a first and a second optical component that are displaceable in a defined manner along a common optical axis, following which a third, stationary, optical component is arranged. Variation of magnification is achieved by means of defined displacement of the first two optical components. A focusing on a desired object plane can be effected by displacement of only the first optical component. The pancratic magnification system is arranged after a common main objective for said at least two observation beam paths within the stereo microscope.

Abstract: A method for producing a luminous beam uses a chromatic element which can be shifted with respect to the beam axis. The chromatic element is arranged in a precise point inside the optical equipment for which the element is designed. The chromatic element or filter is arranged in an optical zone called the "pupil" and consists of plurality of circular sectors which are equal to each other, for instance each sector may occupy 120 degrees. The sectors each have different colors. The so-obtained filter is thus positioned in the pupil zone in such a way that the filter may be shifted orthogonally to the optical axis in order to choose and/or use or select an infinite range of colors or chromatic or luminous intensities.

Abstract: An optical thin film for an optical element is disclosed, which includes at least one layer containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of MoO.sub.3 and WO.sub.3. A material for use in evaporation coating to prepare a thin film includes a mixture of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of MoO.sub.3 and WO.sub.3 and another dielectric. A further optical thin film includes a substrate and superimposed thereon are alternate layers. One such alternative layer having a high refractive index, and composed of a material containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of MoO.sub.3 and WO.sub.3. Another of such alternative layers having a low refractive index, and composed of SiO.sub.2. Another thin film includes a substrate and, superimposed thereon, at least one dielectric layer. The at least one dielectric layer being at least one layer containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of MoO.sub.3 and WO.sub.

Abstract: A structure that changes from a confocal observation mode to a normal observation mode is made possible while keeping a Nipkow disk in a fixed position. A main optical system includes a confocal illumination light source, a first half mirror, a Nipkow disk, an objective lens, a relay lens and an ocular lens for conducting confocal observation. A bypass optical system includes a normal illumination light source, a second half mirror and first, second and third fully reflective mirrors. The bypass optical system is appended to the main optical system to form the tandem scanning confocal microscope. The first and third fully reflective mirrors can be moved out of and separated from the light path of the main optical system. As a result, with the position of the Nipkow disk fixed, it is possible to change between confocal and normal observation modes.

Abstract: A multi-eye type image display apparatus comprises a right-eye image displaying device for emitting light to display an image for the right eye, a left-eye image displaying device for emitting light to display an image for the left eye, an optical device for guiding a light beam from the right-eye image displaying device to the pupil of the right eye of an observer and guiding a light beam from the left-eye image displaying device to the pupil of the left eye of the observer, so that the observer can fuse virtual images of the images with each other, and an adjusting device for adjusting a characteristic of each virtual image in a region including a boundary where the virtual image for the right eye and the virtual image for the left eye overlap.

Abstract: A method for the production of holograms proof against copying and imitation possessing authenticity features, which are copies of a master hologram. In accordance with the invention as a master hologram a hologram of a randomly structured optical element, as for example a diffusion plate, which constitutes the authenticity feature, is recorded and each hologram copy produced from the master hologram is provided with a layer having at least one layer with a color succession and/or the hologram copy produced on a thick light sensitive layer is caused to shrink or to expand.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method of viewing pairs of perspective images of 3-D objects (i.e. stereoscopic image pairs) displayed from a CRT display surface in a time-multiplexed or field-sequential manner, and more particularly to a universal method of generating control signals for synchronously changing the optical state of liquid crystal (LC) shutter panels through which the time-multiplexed perspective images can be sequentially viewed in a substantially flicker-free manner by the left and right eyes of a human viewer, independent of whether the images are displayed on NTSC, PAL, VGA or SVGA styled CRT display devices.

Abstract: Binoculars having a fixed lens mount, a movable lens mount which is movable straight in a direction as approaching or moving away from the fixed lens mount to adjust their distance to viewer's eyes, a cover member for concealing a space formed between the fixed lens mount and the movable lens mount in accordance with a moving state of the movable lens mount. To the fixed lens mount is attached a first guide engaging with the movable lens mount to slidably guide the movable lens mount as well as a second guide engaging with the cover member so that the cover member is slidable along the second guide together with the movement of the movable lens mount. The binocular further includes a focus adjusting system between both lens mounts to move an objective lens incorporated in each lens mount in a direction of an optical axis, and an erect prism unit including a roof prism in each lens mount.

Abstract: Systems for three-dimensional viewing aimed at full-color flat-screen binocular stereoscopic viewing without the use of eyeglasses for the viewer. According to the invention, light emanating from a display presenting a left image and a right image is directed only to the appropriate left or right eyes of at least one viewer using various combinations of light polarizing layers and layers of light rotating means.

Abstract: A beam splitter formed by laminating a plurality of optical films on a glass substrate having a refractive index of 1.51.+-.0.10. The optical films are first, second, third, fourth, and fifth layers laminated in this order from the glass substrate. The first layer has a refractive index of 1.44.+-.0.10 and an optical film thickness of 0.05-0.15; the second layer has a refractive index of 1.68.+-.0.10 and an optical film thickness of 0.01-0.10; the third layer has a refractive index of 1.44.+-.0.10 and an optical film thickness of 0.50-0.60; the fourth layer has a refractive index of 2.23.+-.0.10 and an optical film thickness of 0.25-0.35; and the fifth layer has a refractive index of 1.44.+-.0.10 and an optical film thickness of 0.25-0.35. The optical film thickness means a relative value represented by n.times.d/.lambda. where n denotes a refractive index; d denotes an actual film thickness, and .lambda. denotes a wavelength deciding the center of a wavelength band.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method for high capacity holographic data storage in photorefractive crystals. A doped ferroelectric crystal is used as a data storage medium. Prior to the recording, the crystal is depoled either thermally or electrically. Multiplexed photorefractive holograms are then recorded by illuminating the crystal in such a manner that domain screening of the photorefractive space-charge field occurs. The crystal is then repoled to enable the reading of the holograms stored within the crystal. Finally, any given hologram is readout by illuminating the crystal at the Bragg condition, which typically occurs while illuminating the crystal at the same angle and/or wavelength at which the hologram was recorded.

Abstract: Targets for use with scanning light beam leveling/marking devices, are constructed with their elements assembled as unitary target structure. The lens and beam divider functions are provided by optical quality fresnel lenses attached to or formed on a polycarbonate block, these parts thus can be made essentially an integral element. These special fresnel lens which are optically equivalent of the input lens and beam dividing axicon, and the viewing screen diffuser function provided by a frosted viewing plate. A separate fresnel lens is mounted alongside the beam dividing lenses and functions to provide a reference image on the viewing screen. The optical path for the impinging light beam (after it is divided) may be transmitted directly through the body block, from the input to the view window, or through a reflector surface at a side of the block, the block body of the target functioning as a waveguide.

Abstract: This device comprises an optical source emitting a single-wavelength light beam. An index grating has been recorded in a holographic device by the interference of two plane light beams, both being beams at a single wavelength with one and the same determined value and being concurrent in the holographic device. The holographic device is illuminated by the light beam and delivers a single-wavelength beam whose radiation pattern has a limited angular passband. The wavelength of the reading beam may be different from that of the recording beams. Its orientation is then different from that of the beams.

Abstract: A dual mode optical magnifier system (22) including a plurality of multi-order diffractive optical elements (24) having at least one reflective, refractive and conventional diffractive surface formed thereon, that in combination are operable between a low magnification virtual image display mode (26) and a high magnification virtual image display mode (28). The multi-order diffractive optical elements (24) include a plurality of zones defined by P.times.2.pi., where P is an integer. The use of multi-order diffractive optical elements (24) enables the elements (24) to be very planar and compact in form so as to be incorporated into portable electronic equipment (40 and 60) such as cellular telephones, pagers, smart card readers (20), computers, or the like, while enabling the desired magnification level to be achieved.

Abstract: An electrically conductive infrared (IR) window (10) has high transmittance at IR wavelengths and includes an electrically conductive protective layer (14) which is direct bonded to a substrate (16) at room temperature without adhesive therebetween. The protective layer (14) and substrate (16) are transparent at IR wavelengths. The protective layer (14) and the substrate (16) are annealed at a bonding temperature above room temperature to enhance the bond strength. The protective layer (14) preferably comprises at least one of doped silicon and doped gallium arsenide and has a conductivity between 1 and 500 ohms/square. The substrate (16) preferably comprises at least one of zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, germanium, and gallium arsenide. The protective layer (14) and substrate (16) should be made of different materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion to allow debonding by heating above the bonding temperature.

Abstract: A compound objective lens is composed of a hologram lens or transmitting a part of incident light without any diffraction to form a beam of transmitted light and diffracting a remaining part of the incident light to form a beam of first-order diffracted light, and an objective lens for converging the transmitted light to form a first converging spot on a front surface of a thin type of first information medium and converging the diffracted light to form a second converging spot on a front surface of a thick type of second information medium. Because the hologram selectively functions as a concave lens for the diffracted light, a curvature of the transmitted light differs from that of the diffracted light.

Abstract: A security device includes two plastic layers and a metal layer. The plastic layers may be embossed or surface cast with contrasting surface relief diffraction patterns. A second metal layer may be provided including a pattern of voids through which the first metal layer may be seen by a human observer.

Abstract: A high accuracy, orthogonal motion stage for microscopes and the like uses three frames for orthogonal motion. The lower most frame has provided thereon a series of downwardly depending ramps. An actuator plate having correspondingly positioned, upwardly directed ramps is translated with respect to the lower most frame to raise and lower the frames.

Abstract: The invention relates to an infrared objective (IR objective) with a lens arrangement for the production of an infrared image on a detector element of infrared detector equipment. In this respect it may be a question of a focal plane array (FPA) within a Dewar vessel with an internal cold shield for substantially preventing access of thermal radiation from the surroundings (spurious light fractions). The internal cold shield is placed behind an external uncooled cold shield comprising several staggered external cold diaphragms.

Abstract: A microscope with a C-shaped stand (1) for examining large-sized, disk-shaped objects (9), such as semiconductor wafers, comprises a base plate (2), a vertical portion (3) extending from the base plate, and a limb portion (4) extending forwardly from the top of the vertical portion. To achieve an ergonomic sitting position of an observer (B) and to be able to inspect the entire object surface, the vertical portion (3) has a forwardly opening slot-shaped recess (10) into which the object partially enters when it is at a rearmost position. The recess (10) is geometrically designed so as not to impair the stability of stand (1). In addition or as an alternative, a horizontally movable specimen stage (5) of the microscope includes a rearwardly opening recess (14) for partially receiving the vertical portion (3) when the stage is at its rearmost travel limit. The recess (14) may be U-shaped or specifically configured to correspond to the shape of the vertical portion (3 which it receives.