Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for treating, reducing, and/or stabilizing various wastes or flue gases. In one embodiment, the process is directed to treatment of alkali bearing wastes that include nitrate and/or nitrite-rich wastes. Optionally, the disclosed method can be utilized for treatment of hazardous wastes, including radioactive hazardous waste compounds. In general, the present invention includes processing a waste or gaseous stream with the addition of suitable carbon-containing additives to treat and reduce nitrogen-containing compounds in the waste. Additives may be gaseous, liquid or solid reduction-promoting agents, catalysts, and the like. The reaction products obtained from the process of the invention include mainly alkali carbonate, nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A phenyl ester is produced by allowing benzene, a carboxylic acid and molecular oxygen to react with each other in the presence of a catalyst comprising (A) palladium, (B) at least one element selected from elements of groups 13, 14, 15, and 16 and the fourth to sixth periods of the periodic table, and (C) at least one element selected from elements of groups 3, 4 and lanthanoid elements of the periodic table. Preferably, element (B) is selected from elements of group 16 and the fourth to sixth periods of the periodic table, and element (C) is contained in a metal oxide form in the catalyst. The catalytic activity can be maintained at a high level, and a phenyl ester is stably produced. The phenyl ester can be converted to phenol by a conventional procedure.

Abstract: A process for the regeneration of a zeolite catalyst which comprises treating the catalyst thermally in the presence of a gas stream at temperatures above 120° C., the weight-based residence time of the gas stream over the catalyst during the thermal treatment being greater than 2 hours.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process based on solid state thermal reaction for the preparation of cathode materials for lithium secondary batteries such as rocking chair and intercalated batteries.

Abstract: A non-catalytic process for reducing nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions in the combustion effluent of a stationary combustion apparatus is provided comprising contacting, in the combustion zone of the combustion apparatus, an effective amount of at least one nitrile compound with a waste stream, an auxiliary fuel stream, and air at a temperature sufficient to reduce the NOx emissions in the combustion effluent.

Abstract: A method for regenerating an amine extractant used for recovery of metals involves contacting a liquid organic phase containing an amine complexed with one or more metals with an aqueous solution substantially free of chloride ions to strip the one or more metals from the organic phase. The stripped organic phase is then contacted with a solution of hydrochloric acid to regenerate the amine extractant which can then be recycled in a production process.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for providing the heat required to maintain the desired temperature for catalyst regeneration. The catalyst is heated by contacting a reactant gas mixture with the catalyst in order to initiate an exothermic reaction and, once the desired temperature is achieved, exposing the catalyst to a regenerating gas. The temperature may also be maintained by heating the reactant gas mixture prior to contacting the catalyst and/or adding a liquid, which may be heated, to the catalyst. For heating a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst for regeneration, the reactant gas preferably contains less than 12 mole percent carbon monoxide and more preferably contains between 1 and 4 mole percent carbon monoxide.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for reducing the level of pollutants in the exhaust of an engine, comprising: operating the engine using as the fuel a water fuel emulsion; and contacting the exhaust gas from the engine with an oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: An apparatus for converting at least one nitrogen oxide, such as NO, O2, or N2O converts oxide in the presence of a catalyst supported on a metal mesh-like structure. The mesh-like structure is preferably fibrous formed of metal or ceramic fibers which may include knitted wire, sintered metal fibers and so on and has a porosity greater than about 85%. The mesh is formed into channels, preferably corrugations, and includes vortex generators, which generate turbulence to create a pressure differential across the mesh, to promote flow of fluids through the mesh pores which normally do not exhibit flow therethrough in the absence of such pressure differential. Preferred embodiments of structured packing and monoliths are disclosed each having a catalyst preferably in the mesh pores and/or coated on the fibers for converting the nitrogen oxide.

Abstract: A gas stream containing e.g. molecular hydrogen is used for the regeneration of a catalyst for NOx and SO2 removal from the flue gas of a gas turbine. In order to reduce the consumption of regeneration gas, the gas inlet is located between the SCOSOx catalyst (2) and the SCONOx catalyst (3). The regeneration gas leaves the catalyst chamber upstream of the SCOSOx catalyst and is recycled. For the regeneration of the SCONOx catalyst and to keep SO2 containing gas from entering the SCONOx catalyst, a second regeneration gas inlet is located downstream of the SCONOx catalyst. The regeneration gas entering the catalyst chamber through this port passes the SCONOx (3) and the SCOSOx catalyst (2). The direction of the flow in the SCONOx catalyst can also be reversed. In another example, regeneration gas outlets are located both upstream of the SCOSOx and downstream of the SCONOx catalyst. But, only the regeneration gas from the SCONOx catalyst is recycled.

Abstract: A stripper and a stripping process for removing the flue gas carried by regenerated catalyst. A cylindrical stripper mainly comprises a degassing pipe at the longitudinal axis, a horizontal pipe connected with the lower end of the degassing pipe, several sets of inner annular baffles and outer annular baffles arranged in alternative arrangement along the vertical direction. Inner annular baffles are fixed on the degassing pipe, outer annular baffles are fixed on the inner wall of the cylinder. The degassing pipe has holes below each set of the inner annular baffles. The regenerated catalyst enters the stripper from the upper part, comes into a countercurrent and crosscurrent contact with steam from the annular steam conduit, and the stripped regenerated catalyst leaves the stripper from the bottom.

Abstract: Particulate MnO2, having simultaneously a micropore surface area greater than 8.0 m2/g, desirably between about 8.0 and 13 m2/g and BET surface area of between about 20 and 31 m2/g within the context of an MnO2 having a total intraparticle porosity of between about 0.035 cm3/g and 0.06 cm3/g produces enhanced performance when employed as cathode active material in an electrochemical cell, particularly an alkaline cell. The average pore radius of the meso and macro pores within the MnO2 (meso-macro pore radius) is desirably greater than 32 Angstrom.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a powder material comprising a compound which electrochemically intercalates and deintercalates a lithium ion, wherein the powder material is comprised mainly of a compound containing at least an oxygen element, a sulfur element and at least one transition metal element.

Abstract: Porous microcomposites have been prepared from perfluorinated ion-exchange polymer and metal oxides such as silica using the sol-gel process. Such microcomposites possess high surface area and exhibit extremely high catalytic activity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lithium-transition metal composite oxide having a large volume capacity density, high safety, excellent coating uniformity, excellent charge/discharge cycle durability and excellent low temperature characteristics, and suitable as a positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary cell. A lithium-transition metal composite oxide which is represented by the formula LixM1?yNyO2 (wherein 0.2?x?1.2, 0?y?0.7, M is a transition metal element, and N is a transition metal element other than M or an alkaline earth metal element), wherein in the distribution curve of the cumulative volume particle size of said lithium composite oxide, the inclination of the curve at a cumulative volume fraction of 20% and 80% are at most 9%/?m and at least 3%/?m, respectively, and the average particle size is from 3 to 20 ?m.

Abstract: Process for regenerating a Pd catalyst after a homogeneously catalyzed C—C coupling reaction in which the Pd catalyst precipitates, is separated from the reaction mixture and subsequently treated with I2 or Br2. The Pd catalyst can then be used in a subsequent reaction run. Preferably between 1 and 3 mole equivalents of I2 or Br2, relative to the quantity of Pd catalyst is used The C—C coupling reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a support material. The C—C coupling reaction may be for example a Heck reaction, a Suzuki reaction or a cross-coupling reaction.

Abstract: A process for activating a cobalt-containing catalyst by contacting the catalyst with hydrogen in a reaction system suitable for use in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis wherein a first gaseous stream comprising 0.25 to 5% by volume of hydrogen and 95 to 99.75% by volume of inert gas is continuously introduced into the reaction system and a second gaseous stream is continuously withdrawn from the reactor system wherein the activation procedure comprises the steps of: (A) heating the contents of the reactor system to a temperature which is in a range of 25 to 5° C. below a critical activation temperature; (B) thereafter increasing the temperature at a rate of up to 20° C. per hour to a first hold temperature which is in a range of from the critical activation temperature to a temperature which is at most 20° C. above the critical activation temperature; and (C) maintaining the contents of the reactor system approaches the hydrogen content of the first gaseous stream.

Abstract: A process for regenerating a dehydrogenation catalyst comprises the steps (a)-(f): (a) flushing with inert gas at a pressure of from 0.5 to 2.0 bar and a gas hourly velocity of from 1000 to 50 000 h?1; (b) passing an oxygen-containing gas mixture comprising an inert gas through the catalyst at a pressure of from 2 to 20 bar and a gas hourly velocity of from 1000 to 50 000 h?1 for from 0.25 to 24 hours while increasing the oxygen concentration stepwise or continuously from an initial value of from 0.01 to 1% by volume of O2 to a final value of from 10 to 25% by volume of O2; (c) optionally passing an oxygen-containing gas mixture comprising an inert gas through the catalyst at a pressure of from 0.5 to 20 bar and a gas hourly velocity of from 10 to 500 h?1 for from 0.25 to 100 h, with the oxygen concentration being from 10 to 25% by volume of O2; (d) optionally changing the pressure repeatedly, rapidly and in opposite directions by a factor of from 2 to 20 within the range from 0.

Abstract: Soot formation is suppressed in the preparation of hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide rich gas by arranging on at least a surface of an upper portion of a reactor a catalytic material which is active in steam reforming hydrocarbons, introducing a hydrocarbon feedstock and an oxygen-containing atmosphere into the upper portion of the reactor, partially oxidising the feedstock with oxygen in the upper portion of the reactor, and contacting a part of the partially oxidized feedstock with the reforming catalyst in the reactor upper portion.

Abstract: In a reforming catalyst apparatus provided with a reforming catalyst for forming a hydrogen rich reformed gas by a reforming reaction of the fuel with water, the catalyst performance can be recovered by heating the catalyst within a temperature ranging from 500° C. to 800° C. while supplying said fuel and air to the catalyst. This method allows recovery of the catalyst performance without demounting the catalyst from the reforming catalyst apparatus and allows providing the reforming catalyst with a long service life.