Abstract: An improved process for the removal of acetylene from a hydrogen chloride stream in which the acetylene is converted to vinyl chloride by contact with a hydrochlorination catalyst, the improvement comprising, prior to contacting the stream with the hydrochlorination catalyst, contacting said stream with a catalyst comprising a noble metal, preferably of the platinum group, or salt or oxide thereof, supported or unsupported, at a temperature of between about 50.degree. and about 200.degree. C. and a pressure between about 8 and about 20 bar absolute.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for solvent-extracting an extractable component from a mixture including the extractable component and subdivided solids, comprising:(a) maintaining a vertically extending bed comprising said solids in a vertically extending extraction zone and introducing said mixture into an upper portion of said bed;(b) providing a substantially continuous gaseous phase in contact with a lower portion of said bed;(c) maintaining a substantially continuous liquid phase comprising a vaporizable liquid solvent in contact with at least a lower part of an upper portion of said bed;(d) introducing said solvent into said liquid phase at at least two vertically spaced levels of said liquid phase;(e) extracting said extractable component from said mixture with said solvent;(f) withdrawing said solvent and said extractable component from said liquid phase between said two vertically spaced levels;(g) preventing said liquid phase from flowing downwardly through said lower portion of said bed by maintaining said

Abstract: Bromohalogenobenzenes are isomerized to useful, e.g., pharmaceutical or phytosanitary intermediates, by contacting the same with an alkaline base and a catalyst compound which forms a complex with the cation of said alkaline base.

Abstract: A process for introducing a fluorine atom into an aromatic hydrocarbon by effecting a substitution reaction between an aromatic hydrocarbon and an NF.sub.4.sup.+ cation containing salt.

Abstract: A process for the stabilization of perchloroethylene which contains known epoxides as stabilizing agents which is characterized by addition of an effective amount of 1,2-epoxycyclooctane and/or 1,2-5,6-diepoxycyclooctane. As a result of this addition the cleaning effect of the perchloroethylene on metals is maintained for longer periods, corrosion phenomena are avoided and formation of greasy deposits on the goods to be cleaned will no longer take place.

Abstract: An alkane is reacted with oxygen and available chlorine in the presence of a solid solution catalyst containing iron cations to yield unsaturated hydrocarbons and chlorinated saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. In a preferred embodiment of the process, ethane is reacted with oxygen and available chlorine in the presence of a solid solution catalyst containing iron cations to yield vinyl chloride, ethylene, and other valuable by-products. The conversion of ethane to products approaches 100 percent, vinyl chloride is prepared in up to 40 mole percent yield, and the combined yield of vinyl chloride, ethylene dichloride, ethyl chloride, and ethylene is up to 90 mole percent.

Abstract: A 3-halo-2-methylphenylmagnesium halide is cross-coupled with a halobenzene under heterogeneous conditions using palladium metal as catalyst, producing a 3-halo-2-methyl[1,1'-biphenyl].

Abstract: Methyl chloride is manufactured from methanol and hydrogen chloride in the gaseous phase in the presence of an aluminum oxide catalyst. The reaction is carried out in the presence of from 1 to 80 liters of oxygen per kg of methanol.

Abstract: The production of undesirable 1,1,2-trichloroethane and unsym-tetrachloroethane during the production of perchloroethylene is eliminated or essentially eliminated by an improved oxychlorination reaction. The oxychlorination reaction is carried out in the presence of a copper chloride-alkali metal chloride catalyst mixture deposited on a microspheroidal activated alumina carrier having an average particle size of between about 40 and about 70 microns and a surface area of at least about 100 m.sup.2 /g with the copper chloride and alkali metal chloride being present on the carrier in a weight ratio of at least about 1.2 to 1. Reaction parameters, including, e.g., time, temperature and pressure, are controlled to produce a reaction product containing perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene, and the reaction product is free from 1,1,2-trichloroethane and unsym-tetrachloroethane.

Abstract: An alkane is reacted with oxygen and available chlorine in the presence of a solid solution catalyst containing iron cations to yield unsaturated hydrocarbons and chlorinated saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. In a preferred embodiment of the process, ethane is reacted with oxygen and available chlorine in the presence of a solid solution catalyst containing iron cations to yield vinyl chloride, ethylene, and other valuable by-products. The conversion of ethane to products approaches 100 percent, vinyl chloride is prepared in up to 40 mole percent yield, and the combined yield of vinyl chloride, ethylene dichloride, ethyl chloride, and ethylene is up to 90 mole percent.

Abstract: 3,4-Dichlorobutene-1 and 1,4-dichlorobutene-2 are isomerized in the presence of a catalyst of a combination of a copper compound or copper metal and at least one additive from the group of 1,3-diphenylguanidine, di-o-tolylguanidine, glycine ethyl ester hydrochloride and 2-amino-4-chlorophenol.

Abstract: The reaction gases from the chlorination of methane and preferably also methyl chloride, after removal of the HCl and drying, are subjected to the steps of partially condensing the dried stream of reaction gases at a pressure of 5-15 bars and at a temperature of 0.degree.-40.degree. C. which condenses the chloroform and the carbon tetrachloride; contacting the gaseous phase of the partially condensed stream of reaction gases in a countercurrent manner with a stream of liquid methyl chloride; recycling the stream of gases discharging from the contacting stream of liquid methyl chloride to the chlorination stage; and fractionating the contacting stream of liquid methyl chloride.

Abstract: An improved method for recovering and deasphalting tar sands comprises the use of at least two solvents in an extraction column to establish a liquid polarity gradient within it.

Abstract: This invention relates to perfluorinated compounds with cyclohexyl groups. Such compounds are useful as synthetic blood substitutes and perfusion media, and for other purposes, and in emulsions which contain such compounds. A method is disclosed for direct fluorination without creating excessive unwanted byproducts. Hydrocarbon starting compounds used in this invention may be purchased or synthesized. The compounds created by the methods of this invention include perfluorinated tetraphenylmethane, perfluorinated diphenylmethane, and perfluorinated t-butylcyclohexane.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of true acetylene hydrocarbons with a perfluoro chain, characterized by dehydroiodination with an alkali metal hydroxde in an alcoholic medium of the iodohydrin ##STR1## wherein R.sub.F is a straight or branched perfluoroalkyl chain C.sub.n F.sub.2n+1 -- where n is 1 to 20, and R and R' are identical or different alkyl radicals, followed by distillation, in the presence of solid alkali metal hydroxide, of the resulting acetylenic alcohol obtained to produce a true acetylene hydrocarbon of the formula R.sub.F --C.tbd.CH. The acetylene hydrocarbons are useful for forming compounds having the ability to carry gases such as oxygen for biological purposes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for preparing unsaturated geminal dihalogen compounds. More particularly, the invention concerns a process for preparing compounds of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein X is halogen,R.sup.1 is a straight or branched chained alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms,by clearing the corresponding 1-substituted 2,2,2-trihaloethylesters.

Abstract: Continuous fluorination of carbon is carried out by employing an apparatus for contact reaction of solid powder and reactive gas which comprises a horizontal reactor having a trough provided with weirs (e.g. height: 1 to 6 mm., interval: 5 to 30 cm.) and a vibrating means for vibrating the trough, and in which carbon particles supplied continuously are transported on the trough in a form of thin layer by the vibration of the trough while continuing the reaction by contacting efficiently the carbon particles with a fluorine gas. The contact reaction is efficiently conducted without accumulating the reaction heat to produce the fluorinated carbon in high yields, and the process is useful for the mass production. The apparatus is also useful for various contact reaction of a solid powder and a reactive gas.

Abstract: Para-chlorotoluene is prepared selectively at high yield by nuclear chlorination of toluene, in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, and a co-catalyst comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of phenoxthine derivatives and highly chlorinated phenoxthine derivatives obtained by chlorinating said phenoxthine derivatives at higher degree, said phenoxthine derivatives being represented by the general formula of: ##STR1## wherein R represents methyl group or groups at the position-1 and/or position-3,m is zero or an integer of 1 or 2,X is hydrogen or chlorine atom, andY is chlorine atom or methyl group;and whereinm is an integer of 1 or 2 andX is hydrogen or chlorine atom when Y is chlorine atom,X is chlorine atom when Y is methyl group and m is zero, andX is hydrogen atom when Y is methyl group and m is an integer of 1 or 2.

Abstract: Alkylbenzotrifluorides can be isomerized in the presence of hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: Lead impurities are removed from liquid hydrocarbons by contacting them with a solid sorbent having anhydrous HCl adsorbed therein.