Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide cost-effective systems and methods for producing a synthesis gas product using a steam reformer system and an ion transport membrane (ITM) reactor having multiple stages, without requiring inter-stage reactant injections. Embodiments of the present invention also provide techniques for compensating for membrane performance degradation and other changes in system operating conditions that negatively affect synthesis gas production.

Abstract: A method and system for producing a synthesis gas in an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system is disclosed that carries out a primary reforming process, a secondary reforming process.

Abstract: In a process for purifying a hydrogen stream, the stream is contacted with a first washing fluid in a first purification zone under conditions effective to transfer at least some water from the hydrogen stream to the first washing fluid, thereby transforming the hydrogen stream into a water-depleted hydrogen stream. At least a portion of the water-depleted hydrogen stream may then be transferred from the first purification zone to a second purification zone, where it is contacted with a second washing fluid under conditions effective to transfer at least some oxygenates from the water-depleted hydrogen stream to the second washing fluid.

Abstract: The production of gasses and, more particularly, to systems and methods for the production of syngas and fuel gasses including the production of hydrogen are set forth. In one embodiment system and method includes a reactor having a molten pool of a material comprising sodium carbonate. A supply of conditioned water is in communication with the reactor. A supply of carbon containing material is also in communication with the reactor. In one particular embodiment, the carbon containing material may include vacuum residuum (VR). The water and VR may be kept at desired temperatures and pressures compatible with the process that is to take place in the reactor. When introduced into the reactor, the water, the VR and the molten pool may be homogenously mixed in an environment in which chemical reactions take place including the production of hydrogen and other gasses.

Abstract: A method and device for producing low-tar synthesis gas from biomass. The method according to the invention lowers the tar content in the synthesis gas by splitting the biomass into pyrolysis coke and pyrolysis gas in a fluidized bed reactor, both of which are fed to at least one more fluidized bed reactor, wherein tars in the largely tar-free pyrolysis coke are catalytically split at a higher temperature without the ash melting point being exceeded. The method according to the invention enables the production of largely tar-free synthesis gas.

Abstract: A process for extracting hydrocarbons from a molecular combination is provided. The process includes heating a molecular combination to dissociate it into a particle stream of carbon cations, hydrogen cations, and oxygen anions; guiding the stream through a non-conductive conduit; moving the dissociated particle stream through a magnetic field to separate the cations from the anions; and isolating the separated cations from the anions. In one embodiment, methane is formed from carbonic acid.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for thermochemical production of hydrogen and oxygen from water by a low temperature, multi-step, closed, cyclic copper-chlorine (Cu—Cl) process involving the reactions of copper and chlorine compounds. A method for production of hydrogen via Cu—Cl thermochemical cycle consists of four thermal reactions and one electrochemical reaction and one unit operation. The cycle involves six steps: (1) hydrogen production step; (2) copper production step; (3) drying step; (4) hydrogen chloride production step; (5) decomposition step; (6) oxygen production step. The net reaction of the sequential process is the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen. The methods for production of copper oxide which comprises contacting copper chloride particles with superheated steam and production of oxygen comprises reaction of copper oxide with dry chlorine as a part of hydrogen production by thermochemical Copper-Chlorine (Cu—Cl) cycle.

Abstract: The creation of a catalyst that can be used for a wide variety of applications including the steps of developing preliminary information regarding the catalyst, using the preliminary information to produce a template of the catalyst, and using the template of the catalyst to produce the catalyst.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for separately preheating gaseous ammonia and an oxygen-containing gas mixture, combusting them to form a hydrogen-containing gas mixture, and cooling the hydrogen-containing gas mixture in conjunction with the preheating of the next ammonia and the preheating of the next oxygen-containing gas mixture. Combustion may occur at combinations of pressure and temperature that permit rapid and non-catalyzed decomposition of the ammonia.

Abstract: A method for producing hydrogen from water is provided. The hydrogen production process includes splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen, wherein the process includes decomposing sulfuric acid into water, sulfur dioxide and oxygen through a reaction of formula (X1) by using solar thermal energy, wherein at least a part of the elementary reaction of formula (X1-1) is performed using thermal solar energy, and at least a part of the elementary reaction of formula (X1-2) is performed using additional thermal energy other than solar thermal energy, and wherein the heating temperature by the additional thermal energy is higher by 10° C. or more than the heating temperature by the solar thermal energy, and at least a part of the additional thermal energy is generated in a reaction vessel: (X1) H2SO4?H2O+SO2+1/2O2, (X1-1) H2SO4?H2O+SO3, and (X1-2) SO3?SO2+1/2O2.

Abstract: A catalytic steam-hydrocarbon reforming process for producing a hydrogen-containing product and export steam where a first stream of make-up water is heated by flue gases from the reformer and a second stream of make-up water is heated by reformate from the reformer prior to being introduced into a deaerator.

Abstract: The invention involves the use of a temperature swing adsorption process in steam methane reforming or autothermal reforming H2-production processes to capture CO2 and produce nearly pure off gas streams of CO2 for sequestration or enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The hydrogen stream output is substantially pure and can be recycled as a fuel to the steam methane reformer furnace or used in other petroleum and petrochemical processes.

Abstract: System and process for producing a H2-containing product gas and purified water from an integrated H2-producing reforming and thermal water purification process. Raw water, such as salt water, is heated by indirect heat transfer with reformate from the H2-producing reforming process for purifying raw water in a multiple effect distillation process.

Abstract: A technique is described including receiving a hydrocarbon stream, and heating the hydrocarbon stream with an exhaust steam from an internal combustion engine. This technique may include reacting the hydrocarbon stream catalytically to produce hydrogen and a modified hydrocarbon stream having a lower saturation state than the hydrocarbon stream, recovering energy from the hydrogen stream, and/or providing the modified hydrocarbon stream to a fuel supply for the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A process and system for producing a H2-containing product gas and purified water from an integrated catalytic steam-hydrocarbon reforming and thermal water purification process. Raw water, such as salt water, is heated by indirect heat transfer with reformate from the catalytic steam reforming process for purifying raw water in one of a multiple effect distillation process and a multi-stage flash process.

Abstract: The invention relates to an energetically self-sufficient syngas production method in at least one chemical loop. The chemical loop involves at least three distinct oxidation, reduction and gasification reaction zones: 1. at least one air-supplied oxidation reaction zone R1, referred to as “air” reactor, where the reaction of oxidation of the metallic oxides takes place after reduction, 2. at least one combustion reduction reaction zone R2, referred to as “fuel” reactor, where the feed combustion reaction takes place in the presence of the oxygen present in the metallic oxides, 3. at least one gasification reaction zone R3, referred to as “gasification” reactor, for gasification of the solid and/or liquid feeds in order to produce a syngas, said gasification being catalyzed by the at least partly reduced metallic oxides from R2.

Abstract: Process to prepare a diluted hydrogen gas mixture starting from a gas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide by (i) converting part of the carbon monoxide in said gas mixture to hydrogen and carbon dioxide by means of a catalysed water gas shift reaction to obtain a shifted gas and (ii) separating hydrogen from said shifted gas by means of a membrane to obtain the hydrogen comprising gas at the permeate side of the membrane and a carbon dioxide comprising gas at the retentate side of the membrane, wherein at the permeate side of the membrane a sweep gas is provided; (iii) cooling the carbon dioxide comprising gas to obtain liquid carbon dioxide and a gas mixture of non-condensable gasses and (iv) separating the liquid carbon dioxide from the non-condensable gasses; wherein the non-condensable gasses are fed into the hydrogen comprising gas.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are provided for reducing content of tar in a tar containing syngas. The process includes contacting the tar containing syngas with a molecular oxygen containing gas in a first reaction zone to produce a gas mixture. The gas mixture is passed through a heat treatment zone maintained at a temperature between about 900° C. to about 2000° C. for a contact time of about 0.5 to about 5 seconds. In this aspect, at least a portion of the tar undergoes at least partial oxidation and/or cracking to produce a hot syngas.

Abstract: A method for producing hydrogen from an off-gas originating from a gas to liquid (GTL) process is provided. The method includes separating the light ends from the hydrocarbons using a cryogenic distillation column and then processing the light ends and the hydrocarbons to produce additional hydrogen product. The light ends are introduced to a CO shift reactor in the presence of steam to convert CO to CO2 and hydrogen. The hydrocarbons are introduced to a steam methane reformer in the presence of steam to convert hydrocarbons to hydrogen and CO. The resulting stream is treated in a second CO shift reactor to produce additional hydrogen and CO2. The hydrogen is then captured using a pressure swing absorber.

Abstract: A method of making a supported catalyst for reforming of steam and hydrocarbons and a steam-hydrocarbon reforming process using the supported catalyst. The supported catalyst is made from a mixture comprising 20 to 99.5 mass % of lanthanum-stabilized ?-alumina and/or lanthanum-stabilized ?-alumina, 0 to 60 mass % oalumina, 0 to 25 mass % of calcium carbonate and/or magnesium carbonate, and 0.5 to 5 mass % of graphite, a cellulose ether, and/or magnesium stearate. The supported catalyst has a porosity between 55% and 75% and a pore volume between 0.3 cc/g and 0.65 cc/g.