Abstract: A resiliency-link having a master node and slave nodes may be used to automatically avoid network conflicts due to failure of a node stack. Any stack stub formed as a result of the failure of a stack node or link may use the resiliency-link to determine whether the stack Master node is still online and providing service. If communication over the resiliency-link determines that the original Master node is offline, a new stack stub takes over and provides the desired service. If the original Master node is still online, then the new stack stub takes an appropriate alternative or fallback action.

Abstract: In a test and debug system, a plurality of trace streams, including a timing trace stream, are transmitted from the target processing unit to the host processing unit for analysis. The timing trace stream, the trace stream that indicates activity or non-activity of the program counter each clock cycle, can occupy a large percentage of the bandwidth of the transmitted data. The transmitted data is organized into groups of packets, each packet having a control signal portion and a payload portion. Each information packet has a logic signal stored at each location indicating an activity or a non-activity of the program counter. By identifying portion of the timing trace stream wherein the activity or non-activity does not change for one or more groups of timing packets, the information in a plurality of packets can be represented by a header and an information packet that describes a number of packets in which the activity or non-activity of the program counter does not change.

Abstract: A routing table search circuit comprising a forwarding table containing forwarding table entries, each forwarding table entry comprising a destination address, and a content addressable memory (CAM) comprising a CAM lookup table, the CAM receiving a search key and outputting a CAM search result corresponding to the search key from the CAM lookup table. The search key comprises at least: i) a packet type field associated with the first received address and ii) an address field containing a most significant bits portion of the first received address. The routing table search circuit also comprises M pipelined memory stages for storing a trie table that translates the first received address into the first destination address. The M pipelined memory stages are searched using the CAM search result and a remaining bits portion of the first received address. Each of the M pipelined memory stages outputs a stage search result.

Abstract: A system and method for providing upstream adaptive modulation. Burst parameters associated with a range of data interval usage codes (IUCs) are defined. Each of the data IUCs has a different modulation order and forward error correction (FEC). The SNR and codeword error rate for each satellite modem in the network are monitored. The data IUCs are dynamically assigned to different satellite modems within an upstream channel based on SNR and/or codeword error rate to enable each of the satellite modems in the upstream channel to achieve maximum bandwidth efficiency during upstream data transmissions. Bandwidth requests are received from the satellite modems and granted. The grant includes the assigned data IUC. The data bursts received in the upstream channel are each processed using the parameters from the assigned IUC for each of the satellite modems sending data in the upstream channel.

Abstract: A frame fragmentation method for digital communications over error prone channels is presented. The technique maximizes data throughput based on the bit error rate and frame overhead. The technique can be used to determine optimum fragmentation thresholds for wireless links that are characterized by significant bit error rates.

Abstract: A Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) identifier (PPP ID) value of a PPP frame, including data, is converted to an associated Ethernet Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) tag identifier (ID) value to enable the PPP ID value information to be communicated in an Ethernet frame to the next transmission layer for use in routing the data from the PPP frame.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for canceling acoustic echo generated during transmission of text information in a communication system supporting a TTY/TDD service. When a mobile-to-land call is established between a mobile subscriber and a PSTN subscriber, a decoder notifies an encoder of detection of TTY/TDD text in a BS vocoder. The encoder then transmits a packet having silence information, which prevents acoustic echo reproduction of the text in the TTY/TDD device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to determine whether a network is quality of service enabled is disclosed. The method may send a variety of test packets through a network and depending on how the network handles the packets, a determination may be made whether the network does not support packets with quality of service identification, tolerates packets with quality of service identification or supports packets with quality of service identification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of negotiating an active or a passive role assignment to a first and a second control means of a network element. The control means are redundant and operate dependent on their respective active or passive role. The invention furthermore relates to a control means therefor, a program module for a control means therefor and a network element therefor. The method comprises the steps of: determining an operability state parameter for each of said control means dependent on their respective ability to perform their respective functionality; mutually transmitting said operability state parameters between said control means; and determining an active role or a passive role by said control means dependent on said respective operability state parameters.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to restoration of services in a network. More particularly, the invention encompasses a scheme for randomized selection of equal cost links during restoration in a communication network. The invention further includes multiple schemes for restoring services. The network could consist of optical, ATM, FR, or IP/MPLS switches and cross-connects.

Abstract: A method for communicating packets in a network environment is provided that includes communicating, by a first network element, a first summary update to a second network element. The method further includes receiving a second summary update from the second network element. The exchange of the first and second summary updates achieves adjacency between the first and second network elements. The first and second summary updates include, at least, locally generated state information and a single link state.

Abstract: An LAC manages multicast destinations, and forms and distributes copies of the multicast packets. An L2TP tunnel and an L2TP session are formed between LAC 1-i and LNS 2-i, and LNS 2-i is connected to network NW2 such as the Internet. Data is transferred between a subscriber and the network through the L2TP connection. LNS 2-i and sever S1 are connected through network NW2 which has routers. A packet transfer apparatus enables LAC 1-i to manage subscriber information and to form and distribute copies of the packets to the subscribers when server S1 on network NW2 distributes multicast packets of a program or the like to the subscribers.

Abstract: In a first step, slot synchronization may be obtained by setting in correlation the received signal with a primary sequence, which represents the primary channel, and storing the received signal. During a second step, the correlator may be re-used for correlating the received signal with a secondary sequence corresponding to the secondary synchronization codes. The correlator may include a first filter and a second filter connected in series, which receive a first secondary sequence and a second secondary sequence, which may include Golay sequences. Architectures of parallel and serial types, as well as architectures designed for reusing further circuit parts are also disclosed. The invention is particularly applicable in mobile communication systems based upon standards such as UMTS, CDMA2000, IS95, and WBCDMA.

Abstract: Described is a method and apparatus for mapping Fast Ethernet data interfaces (in addition to possible data interfaces of different type) into a single VC-4 Virtual Container of a STM-1/OC-3 payload transmitted to a radio-link system. The method is characterized by the steps of: packeting the Fast Ethernet signal and any other signal, mapping the packets into a single (VC-4) Virtual Container of a STM-1/OC-3 payload of a SDH/SONET signal frame, and transmitting said signal frame through the point-to-point radio-link, said radio link being a point-to-point SDH/SONET radio link. All the packets have the same format and are associated to a header for identifying the source. The interfaces of different type are conveniently grouped. Possibly, the VC-4 is filled with null packets to exhaust the maximum available capacity.

Abstract: In an access point operating in a wireless local area network, a method is disclosed for assisting a radio manager to manage a radio environment without location information. By performing radio discovery to receive beacon signals from neighboring access points, an initial configuration of a radio environment is generated based on the received beacon signals. Measurements are received from a client device that performs measurements by a user walking through a desired coverage area while operating the client device and the radio configuration is adjusted based on the received measurements.

Abstract: For transmitting data between a base station and a transponder, information packets modulated onto an electromagnetic carrier wave each include a header section, a middle section, and an end section. The data are encoded in the middle section using information symbols, e.g. representing digital “1s” and “0s”. The header section of at least the first packet defines the number and unique identifications of all of the symbols that will be used for encoding the data in the middle section of this and/or subsequent packets. This transmission protocol defined in the header section can be varied in subsequent packets to adaptively adjust the transmission rate depending on the existing communication conditions and requirements such as high frequency regulations prescribed by national law. The transmission rate can be considerably increased, in comparison to a transmission rate that would otherwise be necessary for achieving a reliable transmission even under unfavorable conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides flow control for route switching in a communications system using retransmissions. It is well suited for a cellular mobile radio communications system, particularly a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, UMTS.

Abstract: A switch for handling call connections between calling devices and called devices. The switch comprises: 1) at least one system management node associated with a configuration management controller, the configuration management controller for performing an online upgrade of software in the switch by loading upgraded software in a new partition while original software is executed in a reference partition; and 2) a plurality of computing nodes for executing primary-backup resource server applications. Each of the primary-backup resource server applications comprises a primary resource server application and a secondary resource server application residing on a different node than the primary resource server application. A plurality of the primary-backup resource server applications form a resource group and an address of the resource group is known in the reference partition and in the new partition.

Abstract: A method of precisely synchronizing clocks held in separate nodes on a communication network is provided that adjusts clock frequency based on a measure of relative clock rates and absolute clock offsets. In one embodiment, clock convergence is obtained with one synchronization session.

Abstract: A radio communication system comprises a communication channel for the transmission of data packets from a primary station (100) to a secondary station (110). In response to receipt of a data packet, the secondary station transmits an acknowledgement signal to the primary station indicating the status of the received data packet. The signal is selected from a set of at least two available signal types (for example positive and negative acknowledgements, ACK and NACK), and the power at which it is transmitted depends on the type of the signal. In one embodiment NACKs are transmitted at a higher power than ACKs, thereby reducing the chance of the primary station misinterpreting a NACK as an ACK. In another embodiment a REVERT signal is used to request retransmission of a previous packet. The REVERT signal may be identical to the NACK signal but transmitted at a higher power.