Abstract: This invention relates to tetrahydro-naphthalene derivatives and salts thereof which are useful as active ingredients of pharmaceutical preparations. They have the general formula (I) in which R1 represents hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl, and X represents —N(H)Y1, —(H)—C1-6 alkyleneY1, biphenyl or C1-6 alkyl substituted by biphenyl, and the group Y1 is an optionally substituted biphenyl. The tetrahydro-naphthalene derivatives of the present invention have excellent activity as VR1 antagonists and are useful for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases associated with VR1 activity, in particular for the treatment of urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, urge urinary incontinence, chronic pain, neuropathic pain, postoperative pain, rheumatoid arthritic pain, neuralgia, neuropathies, algesia, nerve injury, ischaemia, neurodegeneration, stroke, inflammatory disorders, asthma and COPD.

Abstract: A method for producing MMA-d8 which includes a step of exchanging D in hydroxyl group of methanol-d4 represented by the formula: CD3OD with H to prepare the methanol-d3 represented by the formula CD3OH and simultaneously recovering a deuterium-containing compound, and a step of reacting methanol-d3 with sulfuric acid salt of methacrylic acid amide represented by the formula CD2=(CD3)CO(NH2.H2SO4) to prepare MMA-d8 represented by the formula: CD2=(CD3)COOCD3.

Abstract: The invention provides novel (2S)-2-ethylphenylpropanoic acid derivatives that bind to the receptor as ligands of human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ? to activate and exhibit lipid-lowering effect, inhibitory effect on the arteriosclerosis, antiobesity effect, blood glucose-lowering effect, etc., their addition salts, and their medicinal compositions. (2S)-2-Ethylphenylpropanoic acid derivatives represented by a general formula (1) [wherein R1 denotes a halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group, R2 denotes a hydrogen atom, halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group, and, when R2 denotes a hydrogen atom, R3 denotes a halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group and, when R2 denotes a halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group, R3 denotes a hydrogen atom, halogen atom or trifluoromethyl group], and their addition salts.

Abstract: Novel benzoquinone-derived compounds and polymorphs, prodrugs, geometric or optical isomers thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable esters, ethers, carbamates, oximes of such compounds, polymorphs, prodrugs and isomers are provided. Process for preparation of compounds of the invention and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and their use for reducing or inhibiting activity of lipase gene family for treatment, amelioration or prevention of lipase gene family mediated diseases and conditions including overweight, obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, pancreatitis, diabetes, atherosclerosis, other cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndromes, and metabolic disorders are provided. Methods of use of the compounds for skin care, hair care and cosmetics are provided.

Abstract: Compounds useful for the treatment of various metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance syndrome, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver disease, cachexia, obesity, atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis, are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optimized system for more efficiently and economically producing terephthalic acid. A solvent purification system is employed to remove of at least one aromatic impurity present in a solvent purification feed. At least about 20 weight percent of the solvent purification feed originates from a cooled, post-digestion, TPA-containing slurry.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to labeled compounds of the formulae wherein Q is selected from the group consisting of —S—, —S(?O)—, and —S(?O)2—, Z is selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl, substituted 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, substituted 2-naphthyl, and phenyl groups with the structure wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a C1-C4 lower alkyl, a halogen, and an amino group selected from the group consisting of NH2, NHR and NRR? where R and R? are each independently selected from the group consisting of a C1-C4 lower alkyl, an aryl, and an alkoxy group, and X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a C1-C4 lower alkyl group, and a fully-deuterated C1-C4 lower alkyl group. The present invention is also directed to a process of preparing labeled compounds, e.g.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for oxidizing a primary amidoalcohol to the corresponding amidocarboxylic acid in high yield.

Abstract: Compounds which are capable of generating acid on photolysis are disclosed, and the uses of these compounds, especially for deprotecting the termini of nucleic acid molecules or peptides during synthesis of arrays. The compounds described herein may be employed in the detritylation of 5?-O-dimethoxytrityl (DMT) protected nucleotides by photolysing the compounds to generate an acid capable of removing the DMT group allowing oligonucleotide arrays to be synthesised using readily available 5?-O-DMT-nucleoside-3?-O-phosphoramidite monomers conventionally used in solid phase nucleic acid synthesis. A method of avoiding the effects of stray light in projection lithography techniques is also disclosed.

Abstract: A production method of an optically active ?-amino acid represented by the formula (I) wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, which includes reacting a compound represented by the formula (II) with a lithium amide represented by the formula (III) in the presence of a compound represented by the formula (IV).

Abstract: A chiral catalyst comprising a 3, 4-disubstituted pyridine, or a salt, N functionalised derivative, dimer or oligomer thereof, wherein the 3-substituent is substantially hindered from rotation about the bond (sp2-sp2 biaryl axis) linking it to pyridine and the 4-substituent is an aliphatic or aromatic amine linked by a single bond to the pyridine, the pyridine nitrogen being functionalised or unfunctionalised, preferably comprising a compound of formula I wherein Z is a group substantially hindered from rotation about its bond; and each of R1 and R2 are independently selected from C1-30 alkyl, C3-30 cyclo alkyl and/or C3-30 aryl, or NR1 R2 form a cyclic amine; wherein R1 and/or R2 may be optionally substituted and/or include one or more heteroatoms; a composition or support comprising the catalyst; process for the preparation and resolution thereof; process for stereoselective reaction of an optically inactive substrate using the catalyst; and the optically active reaction product thereof.

Abstract: The invention discloses a use of dithiocarbamate compounds having the structural formula R1R2NCS2H, in which R1 and R2, independently of each other, represent a straight or branched C1-C4 alkyl, or, with the nitrogen atom, form an aliphatic ring with 4 to 6 C atoms, in which R1, R2, or the aliphatic ring is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from OH, NO2, NH2, COOH, SH, F, Cl, Br, I, methyl or ethyl, and oxidized forms of these compounds, in particular dimers thereof, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, to prepare an agent for treating or preventing an infection by RNA viruses which attack the respiratory tract and cause disease there.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of di-(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate by the esterification of terephthalic acid with 2-ethylhexanol at elevated temperature and pressure while the water of reaction is removed from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous solution containing at least one species selected from the group consisting of a 1:1 molar complex of TeO2 with a moiety of formula (A) and ammonium salts thereof: HO—X—OH (A); where X is an optionally substituted divalent saturated hydrocarbon group containing 2-8 carbon atoms in the chain connecting the two OH groups; and its use for stimulating cells to produce cytokines and for treating mammalian diseases and conditions responsive to increased production of cytokines. The complex may be used also for treating mammalian cancer which is not responsive to increased production of cytokines.

Abstract: Alkali metal salt of formula (I): MOYXR1 (I), and its solution can be prepared in high yields, particularly high space-time yields, and with high purities by reacting an alcohol of the formula (Ia): HOYXR1 (Ia), in a solvent mixture with an alkali metal salt of formula (II): MOR2 (II), or by reacting the alcohol (Ia) in a solvent mixture with an alkali metal hydroxide. Part of the liberated alcohol of formula (IIa): HOR2 (IIa) or a part of the liberated water is distilled from the solvent mixture, initially, without addition of an entrainer. Subsequently, a remainder of the liberated alcohol of formula (IIa) or the liberated water is distilled from the solvent mixture with the aid of at least one organic solvent as entrainer. In formula (I) and in formula (II), M is Li, Na, K, Rb or Cs.

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing an aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid which is capable of suppressing the formation of by-products and enhancing the selectivity of the intended product and is free from any purifying step. The process is characterized in that it is obtained by reacting an alkali metal salt of an aromatic hydroxy compound and carbon dioxide in a non-proton polar solvent in the presence of a solid basic catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing optically pure R-hydroxyphenoxypropanoic acid or a salt or ester thereof by reaction of hydroquinone or a salt thereof with an S-halopropanoic acid or a salt thereof in the presence of a mild reducing agent.

Abstract: The present invention is directed at substituted heteroaryl- and phenylsulfamoyl compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and the use of such compounds as peroxisome proliferator activator receptor (PPAR) agonists. PPAR alpha activators, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and the use of such compounds to elevate certain plasma lipid levels, including high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and to lower certain other plasma lipid levels, such as LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides and accordingly to treat diseases which are exacerbated by low levels of HDL cholesterol and/or high levels of LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, in mammals, including humans. The compounds are also useful for the treatment of negative energy balance (NEB) and associated diseases in ruminants.

Abstract: A highly advantageous process for the preparation of 2-(3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl)-2-oxoacetic acid or a salt thereof is described. The process comprises subjecting 1-acetyl 3-hydroxyadamantane to liquid phase oxidation with permanganate to produce 2-(3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl)-2-oxoacetic acid or a salt thereof, with acidification to form the free acid when appropriate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a medicament comprising a benzene compound useful as an insulin sensitizer, a salt thereof or a hydrate of them and a derivative of them as the active ingredient. Specifically, it provides a benzene compound represented by the following formula, a salt thereof or a hydrate of them. In the formula, X represents 1) a C6-10 aryl group which may have one or more substituents or 2) a 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl group which may have one or more substituents; Y represents a group represented by the formula: (in the above formulae, Ry1, Ry2 and Ry3 are the same as or different from one another and each represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-6 alkyl group, a C1-6 alkoxy group, or a C3-7 cycloalkyl group) etc.