Abstract: A process is provided for converting feedstock comprising oxygenates to product comprising hydrocarbons over a catalyst comprising a high silica crystalline zeolite which has been treated by steps of calcining the crystalline material, contacting the calcined material with solid aluminum fluoride, and converting the aluminum fluoride contacted material to hydrogen form, such as, for example, by contact with a hydrogen ion precursor, e.g., an ammonium salt solution, and calcination.

Abstract: Para-ethyltoluene dehydrogenation catalyst compositions and processes for using such catalysts are provided. The catalyst compositions comprise a catalytically active iron compound, e.g., iron oxide; a potassium catalyst promoter, e.g., potassium carbonate; an optional chromium compound stabilizer, e.g., chromic oxide, and a calcium compound, e.g., calcium oxide. Utilization of particular amounts of calcium compound in dehydrogenation catalyst compositions of this type will provide a catalyst especially suitable for promoting the selective dehydrogenation of para-ethyltoluene to form para-methylstyrene in improved yields.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of a hydrocarbonaceous oil in the presence of hydrogen and an iron-coal catalyst is provided in which a slurry of catalyst in the oil is treated with a hydrogen sulfide-containing gas at specified conditions prior to subjecting the slurry to hydroconversion conditions.

Abstract: A surgical instrument for ligating and dividing a tubular vessel. The instrument has two spaced apart channels, each containing surgical ligatures of plastic or plastic-like material. A pusher mechanism associated with each of the channels advances the ligatures along the channels. A cutting mechanism intermediate the two channels is used to divide the tubular vessel. An actuating mechanism is connected to the pusher mechanism and to the cutting mechanism for initiating operation thereof. A sub-housing is associated with each of the channels and is movable with respect to the ligatures and with respect to the cutting mechanism. Ligatures are placed at two spaced apart positions of the tubular vessel to effect ligation. The vessel is divided intermediate the spaced apart ligatures while the vessel is advanced so as to facilitate ejection of the ligatures and prevent stretching of the tissue.

Abstract: The invention is a method for cracking heavy oils to olefins. In parallel streams, the heavy stream and a steam diluent are heated to the point of partial thermal cracking while in the other stream a lighter oil and steam are cracked to produce olefins. The hot, olefinic light stream is then mixed with the heated heavy stream and further cracked. The hot, olefinic stream acts as both a diluent and a heat source for cracking the heavy oil to an olefin containing product.

Abstract: Lubricating oil stocks produced by methods such as catalytic dewaxing or hydrocracking, comprising hydroprocesses, are stabilized against oxidation by the addition of hydrogen sulfide to the hydroprocessing hydrogen-containing feed using hydroprocess effluent as a source of said hydrogen-containing feed. The H.sub.2 S present in the hydrogen-containing feed saturates olefins that contribute to oxidation instability and restores antioxidant sulfur compounds such as thiols to the lube stock.

Abstract: Catalytically active amorphous silicas are prepared by dehydrating a silica hydrogel or precipitate prepared from an acidified aqueous silicate solution containing an amine of pK.sub.a above 10 or a cation containing either a nitrogen or phosphorus atom bonded to four carbon atoms. The resultant amorphous silica is catalytically active for, among other chemical reactions, the isomerization of orthoxylene and the cracking of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The coal liquefaction process disclosed uses three stages. The first stage is a liquefaction. The second and third stages are hydrogenation stages at different temperatures and in parallel or in series. One stage is within 650.degree.-795.degree. F. and optimizes solvent production. The other stage is within 800.degree.-840.degree. F. and optimizes the C.sub.5 -850.degree. F. product.

Abstract: Disclosed is a coal liquefaction process using two stages. The first stage liquefies the coal and maximizes the product while the second stage hydrocracks the remainder of the coal liquid to produce solvent.

Abstract: Single-stage thermolysis of C.sub.8 and C.sub.9 aromatics at temperatures in excess of 900.degree. C. and pressures of less than 0.2 torr or in the presence of steam in excess of 800.degree. C., in the absence of catalysts yields styrene and/or p-methylstyrene in high yields, providing a process for the conversion of xylenes and p-ethyltoluene to preferred styrene monomers.

Abstract: In a two-stage liquefaction, hydrogenated 850.degree. F.+ residuum from the second stage is used in formulating the first stage liquefaction solvent.

Abstract: An improved method of reducing fouling and corrosion in ethylene cracking furnaces using petroleum feedstocks, the improvement comprising treating the petroleum feedstock with at least 10 ppm of a compound chosen from the group consisting of phosphite esters, phosphate esters, thiophosphite esters, thiophosphate esters and mixtures thereof, said esters being characterized by the formulas: ##STR1## where X equals S or O, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3, are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, water soluble amine, alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aralkyl group provided that in at least one and not more than two of each R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are water soluble amines having partition coefficients greater than 1.0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for hydrocracking SGE of carbonaceous material to produce light distillate, including chemical feedstocks and transport fuels.A mixture of crushed coal and a solvent is fed to an extractor 1 wherein the solvent is heated and pressurized to form a supercritical gas. Carbonaceous material is extracted from the coal into the gas. The unextracted coal, including ash and some carbonaceous material, is separated from the SGE in solution in the supercritical solvent in a separation stage 2. The SGE in the solvent is maintained in the supercritical state and fed to a hydrocracking stage 3 wherein it is mixed with excess hydrogen. After hydrocracking, the SGE in supercritical solution is passed through a pressure let-down valve 4 to a distillation stage 5 wherein the product of the hydrocracking stage 3 is separated into gases, solvent for recycling, light distillate and material boiling above 350.degree. C.

Abstract: A process is provided for conducting organic compound conversion over a catalyst comprising a crystalline zeolite which has been treated by reaction with a compound having a complex fluoroanion.

Abstract: A process is provided for conducting organic compound conversion over a catalyst composition comprising a supported crystalline zeolite having a high initial silica-to-alumina mole ratio, said supported zeolite being prepared by compositing said crystalline zeolite with a support matrix material, calcining the resulting supported zeolite, contacting said calcined supported zeolite with volatile boron fluoride in a dry environment until said supported zeolite is saturated with said boron fluoride, purging unreacted boron fluoride from said boron fluoride contacted supported zeolite, hydrolyzing said boron fluoride contacted supported zeolite, and converting said hydrolyzed material to hydrogen form.

Abstract: The invention involves the apparatus and the technique for non-invasive surgery to remove cataracted-lens tissue from an afflicted lens. The beam output of a laser is focused to a spot of maximum power density at the anterior surface of a cataracted lens and scanned over a predetermined area or areas of the cataracted lens. The beam is selective and safe since it's diffuse as it enters the eye through the cornea and is also diffuse (being divergent) in the unlikely event that the beam passes through an opening it has created in the cataracted lens. This diffusion assures against damage to either or both of the cornea and the retina. Focal power levels are used sufficient to achieve cataract material destruction thru ablative photodecomposition, thermal decomposition, photofragmentation, photoemulsification or any combination thereof. Various features are disclosed for assuring safety and uniformity in the removal of involved tissue.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for upgrading a variety of hydrocarbon oils including low-grade crudes and fractions thereof. In this process, a hydrocarbon oil having an ASTM 50% temperature not higher than 550.degree. F. is converted at low temperature and pressure to more volatile products by a dispersion of crystalline zeolite catalysts having a silica: alumina ratio of at least 12 and a C.I. within 1-12. Initially, 0.02-10 wt % of the catalyst is dispersed in the feed until the catalyst inventory in the reactor stage accumulates. Thereafter, catalyst is added and removed to maintain a total catalyst content not greater than about 35 wt % of the feed in the reactor.

Abstract: A process wherein coal is reacted with a hot gas stream to produce acetylene. The process comprises the sequential steps of reacting a fuel, oxygen and steam under controlled conditions of temperature to produce a hot gas stream principally comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and steam along with minor amounts of carbon dioxide, and essentially free of O, OH and O.sub.2. The hot gas stream is accelerated to a high velocity and impinged upon a stream of particulate bituminous or subbituminous coal and thereafter the mixture of hot gas and coal is decelerated to a velocity of from about 150 to 300 feet per second. The amounts of the streams of particulate coal and hot gas are controlled to produce in the reaction zone a pressure in the range of from about 10 to 100 psia and a temperature of from about 1800.degree. to 3000.degree. F.

Abstract: Disclosed are a catalyst for direct liquefaction of coal, which consists of selenium, a selenium compound, or a mixture of selenium or the selenium compound with a metal oxide, and a method of directly liquefying coal in the presence of such a catalyst.

Abstract: An improved nutrient supplement is disclosed for enhancing the growth of mushroom mycelium in a compost bed comprising a particulate nutrient supplement having at least a partial coating of a hydrophobic material that is not readily assimilable by competing microorganisms in the compost.