Abstract: A method of uniformly rotopeening the inside walls of metallic tubes to a desired final peening intensity by means of at least one rotatable peening flapper is disclosed herein. The method generally comprises the step of simultaneously rotating and orbiting the flapper within the tube while maintaining a selected stand-off distance between the inner edge of the flapper and the inside wall of the tube. The angular speed of the flapper and the stand-off distance are selected so that the slope of the curve defined by peening intensity over time is substantially flat in the vicinity of the desired final peening intensity. The method is particularly useful in uniformly and accurately peening the inside walls of the heat exchange tubes anchored in the tubesheet of a nuclear steam generator in order to relieve tensile stresses in the walls of these tubes which might otherwise lead to stress corrosion cracking in the tube walls.

Abstract: A rotopeening apparatus comprising a plurality of peening spindles, a rotary and orbital drive assembly coupled to the spindles, and an oscillatory drive means for reciprocating the spindles within the interior of an array of tubes is disclosed herein. Each peening spindle includes a rotatable mandrel connected to at least one peening flapper, as well as means for orbiting the mandrel peening flapper around the longitudinal axis of the tube. The rotary and orbital drive assembly includes an orbital driveshaft and a rotary driveshaft which are concentrically disposed with respect to one another and are detachably connectable to the rotatable and orbital mandrel of the peening spindle.

Abstract: A punch and pad for forming a square planar shadow mask have curved outer edges. A pair of dies respectively receiving the punch and pad have straight inner edges. The dies clamp a flat shadow mask blank and the punch is lowered to only partially form the shadow mask. The mask is then unclamped and the punch is fully lowered towards the pad to complete the forming of the mask without wrinkles.

Abstract: A strip metal bending machine for bending formed strip material having for example an "I" section or a "U" section, said machine comprising a plurality of rolls arranged to act on the strip along a roll path so as to bend the strip, a first roll being provided with a pair of restraining means, each restraining means located either side of the roll path so that the strip is enclosed at a bending point between the restraining means and a contact surface of said first roll, said restraining means acting on the strip in a direction substantially at right angles to the direction of action of said contact surface of said first roll, means enabling continuous restraining adjustment of one restraining means relative the other of the pair during rolling action and control means for controlling said adjustment means.Such a machine enables material to be bent in a single pass with minimal or no twisting.

Abstract: A continuous process for high speed fabrication of wire comprises the steps of directing wire through a first set of drawing dies to reduce the wire diameter to an intermediate diameter, applying a lubricant to the wire during the drawing process, annealing the intermediate diameter wire while it is still coated with some of the lubricant, controlling the tensile forces and elongation of the wire during the anneal, and drawing the annealed intermediate diameter wire to a desired final diameter in a second set of dies. The process is particularly well suited for fabricating fine copper wire having improved mechanical properties.

Abstract: In a drawing apparatus of the type in which a lower punch slide moves upward to draw a blank clamped between a movable die and a stationary blank holder, an adjustable ram is provided which is electrically driven to move upward and downward for thereby adjusting the bottom dead position of the punch so that the upper end of the punch is made substantially flush with the upper end surface of the blank holder when the punch is in its bottom dead position.

Abstract: A die for forming flanged can ends is provided according to the invention. The die includes an upper punch section including a hard ring having inner and outer rounded lower corners and a punch cut edge having an upwardly extending curvilinear female profile in the lower inner portion thereof which forms an annular gap between the punch cut edge and the hard ring.A die section is disposed beneath the punch section comprising an inner die, a first upwardly biased draw ring mounted outwardly of the die and in inner contacting relationship with the punch cut edge. A second draw ring is mounted adjacent the inner die and in contacting relationship with the hard ring and a fixed wipe-up ring is located between the first and second draw rings. The upper portion of the wipe-up ring has a male profile matable with the female profile of the punch cut edge in the annular gap and has a downwardly curved inner portion which is matably engagable with the outer corner of said hard ring.

Abstract: There is disclosed a bag making machine for producing bags from an elongate strip of plastic web material. The disclosure relates to various improvements in the bag making machine such as the apparatus for forming the bag handle. This apparatus includes a stationary cutter and movable support plate for moving the web material into cutting engagement with the cutter. A novel reciprocal drive mechanism and coupling device are employed.

Abstract: A tool for use in manufacture of a hollow article with an undercut internal surface, such as the outer member of a constant velocity ratio universal joint, comprising first and second elements (34,38) together defining the shape required in the article interior and an internal cavity (40). An expander (23) fits in the cavity to hold the elements in their operative positions, and the first elements have parallel or outwardly convergent sides which enable their inward movement between the second elements after withdrawal of the expander from the cavity. After such inward movement, the first elements can be withdrawn from the shaped article, followed by the second elements.

Abstract: This invention relates to a structure for guiding tubular blanks through a sack end forming station through which the tubular blanks are transversely conveyed on a path of travel, said structure comprising two plates, which are disposed on opposite sides of said path of travel, and guiding surfaces associated with said plates and defining adjacent to said path of travel a gap which has a width that is at least as large as the thickness of the tubular blank. At least one of said guiding surfaces is formed by a bar, which is associated with one of said plates and capable of a limited movement in the plane of said plate and is urged toward the other plate by springs.

Abstract: In a forging press of underfloor construction, the vertically travelling frame has a lower crosshead which fits around and is guided on a hollow guide shaft which projects downwards from the table crosshead or platten of the press. The hollow guide shaft serves also as the working cylinder of the press. A working plunger piston which is slidable in the cylinder is coupled to the lower travelling crosshead of the press frame through spherical jointing to eliminate transverse forces on the piston.

Abstract: This relates to an applied force monitor which is associated with sheet material forming mechanisms so as to determine whether sheet material is being properly formed by the amount of force applied in the formation thereof. A typical force applying member would be a cam. Suitable strain gauges are associated with the force applying member with the strain gauges being coupled in a bridge having a voltage output which is indicative of the applied force and which is directed to a microcomputer into which suitable indicia is selectively fed and such indicia will include high and low forces which would be indicative of a fault. The microcomputer includes a memory in which the faults are stored and in addition to indicating when individual faults do occur, the memory, when excess faults are determined, will serve to shut down the associated machine. Data may be visually displayed or may be permanently recorded by way of a printer.

Abstract: Stripping a workpiece from a punch using a plurality of pivotally mounted segments that in an open position have a diameter greater than the outside diameters of the workpiece and the punch but in a closed position have a diameter greater than the outside diameter of the punch but less than the outside diameter of the workpiece.

Abstract: A closure lining machine comprises a lining applicator 7, a star wheel 4 to receive a closure to be lined and move it to the lining applicator and thence to an outlet 8. The machine also includes a stepping motor 9 driving the star wheel 4, and a control circuit including variable means 17, variable in dependence upon the number of pockets 3 in the star wheel 4. The control circuit controls the stepping motor 9 and hence the movement of the star wheel 4 and also controls the operation of the lining applicator 7 so that upon changing the star wheel 4 to accommodate a different size of closure the control of the rotation of the star wheel 4 and the application of the lining is controlled by the control circuit in response to a change in the signal from the variable means 17.

Abstract: A tool for stamping annular blanks to form retainers for truncated spherical members in a single stroke stamping operation comprises a sectored punch having at least one pair of diametrically opposed sectors of a cylinder separated from one another at their apexes such that the sectors of two punches can be intermated. The distal ends of the sectors are spherically contoured such that alternating spherical surfaces are formed on the inside surface of the retainers by two intermating sectored punches. The sectored punches form alternating cylindrical and spherical surfaces into the upper and lower portions of a blank to form the retainer. The cylindrical surfaces permit spherical members to be inserted into the retainers by hand or with the use of hand tools.

Abstract: A manufacturing system is described for sequentially bending a plurality of planar spring elements extending from a regularly perforated bar or fret, then adjusting the resiliency of each element to provide a precise load when deflected to a particular position, and finally shearing only those elements meeting the desired deflection load criteria from the fret. A microprocessor obtains necessary processing data while controlling the several stations at which the spring elements are measured, formed (bent), thermally adjusted and sheared from the fret. A walking beam transport system also controlled by the microprocesser incremently transports the frets of spring elements between and through each station. An oven can be incorporated into the walking beam transport system between the forming and thermal adjust stations for stress relieving the spring elements before adjustment.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for drawing a metal cup from a metal sheet. Initially, a non-circular blank is provided from the metal sheet by a blanking device. Subsequently, a first drawing device draws a non-circular cup from the non-circular blank such that more stretching takes place where the blank perimeter is closer to the geometrical center of the blank than the stretching which takes place where the blank perimeter is further from the geometrical center of the blank. Finally, a second drawing device draws a circular cup from the non-circular cup. Preferably, the provided blank is hexagonal or rectangular shaped and the associated non-circular cup is then similarly shaped. The second draw device is also preferably a reverse draw device.

Abstract: The subject contact adjusting apparatus functions to precisely adjust the spacing between the two parallel arms of F-shaped contacts. The contacts are placed in a cutout in the top surface of a platen with the base of the contacts resting against a contact positioning guide that protrudes from the top surface of the platen, where the two parallel arms of the contacts face upward. A movable contact retention head is then lowered into place to hold the contacts in alignment. The contact adjustment head is activated, pliers fashion, to adjust the spacing between the two parallel arms of the contacts.

Abstract: With workpieces to be drawn, especially large-area body parts or sinks, the possibilities of tearing the walls, respectively, undulated surface structure exists within the area of the corner formation. The present invention is therefore predicated on the concept to match the support pressure to the shaping of the workpiece in the different abutment areas thereof. A number of pressure cylinders fixedly installed in the press table serve for that purpose, whose piston rods are adapted to be to displaced in the vertical direction by way of a pressure plate acting in unison on all piston rods. The piston rods acting on the other end of the support are lowerable under the ram movement against the controllable pressure differing in the pressure chambers by way of valves.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for achieving narrow workpiece tolerances in isothermal drop-forging, the relative movement of the two die halves (1, 2) in an xy plane perpendicular to the pressing direction z being measured and monitored by means of an optical measuring device (10, 11, 12, 14) or mechanical measuring device (14, 15, 16) and being corrected by means of a mechanical adjusting device (6, 17, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26) for one die half (2). A first workpiece is forged, and the divergence from the nominal value is measured, with the die halves (1, 2) closed, the die halves (1, 2) are opened, the first workpiece is removed, the position of one die half (2) is corrected, and a new workpiece is introduced and forged completely, without the workpiece having to be cooled and remeasured and without the die having to be cooled and reheated.