Abstract: An internal heat exchanger for an air conditioning system of a vehicle having an intermediate portion and two end portions, each of the end portions includes a first opening for the passage of a first conditioning fluid inside the internal heat exchanger and a second opening for the passage of a second conditioning fluid inside the heat exchanger. The intermediate portion is hollow, defines an inner volume, and includes inner conduits housed inside the inner volume extending between the end portions. The first openings are fluidically connected via respective connecting conduits to each of the inner conduits and the second openings are fluidically connected to the inner volume via an individual conduit.

Abstract: Thermal management in a vehicle involves a compressor to output a refrigerant in vapor form for circulation in a refrigerant loop. A thermal management system includes a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system in the refrigerant loop including an evaporator and an HVAC condenser, and an exterior condenser in the refrigerant loop configured to vent heat to an exterior of the vehicle. A first variable refrigerant flow valve controls a flow rate of the refrigerant output by the compressor into the HVAC condenser, and a second refrigerant flow valve controls a flow rate of the refrigerant output by the compressor into the exterior condenser. A controller controls the first refrigerant flow valve and the second refrigerant flow valve based on a target output temperature for the HVAC condenser.

Abstract: An air conditioning system for a motor vehicle. The air conditioning system includes a refrigerant circuit divided into a high-pressure region and a low-pressure region, first and second internal heat exchangers arranged in the high-pressure and low-pressure regions, an external heat exchanger arranged in the refrigerant circuit, a condenser arranged in the high-pressure region, and an evaporator that, in a first operating mode, thermally couples the low-pressure region to the air conditioning air and, in a second operating mode, is arranged outside the refrigerant circuit.

Abstract: A method for operating a refrigeration system for a vehicle, the refrigeration system including a refrigerant circuit with a heat pump function. The refrigerant circuit has an exterior heat exchanger, which is operated as a condenser or gas cooler to perform a refrigeration system mode or which is operated as a heat pump evaporator to carry out a heat pump mode. The refrigerant circuit further has an interior heating condenser or heating gas cooler for carrying out a heating mode. The interior heating condenser or heating gas cooler is fluidically connected downstream of the exterior heat exchanger with a reheating expansion device therebetween to carry out a reheating mode. The opening cross-section of the reheating expansion device is controlled in accordance with a refrigeration system parameter indicating the required reheating power.

Abstract: A method including, compressing a first hydrogen stream, and expanding a portion to produce a hydrogen refrigeration stream, cooling a second hydrogen stream thereby producing a cool hydrogen stream, wherein at least a portion of the refrigeration is provided by a nitrogen refrigeration stream, further cooling at least a portion of the cool hydrogen stream thereby producing a cold hydrogen stream, and a warm hydrogen refrigeration stream wherein at least a portion of the refrigeration is provided by the hydrogen refrigeration stream, compressing the warm hydrogen refrigeration stream, mixing the balance of the compressed first hydrogen stream with a high-pressure gaseous nitrogen stream to form an ammonia synthesis gas stream, and wherein the first hydrogen stream and the warm hydrogen refrigeration stream are compressed in the same compressor.

Abstract: A method for operating a heat pump of a motor vehicle that includes a compressor, an expander, an ambient heat exchanger and a heating heat exchanger. In the method, a defrost mode for defrosting the ambient heat exchanger is initiated. In the defrost mode, a refrigerant is compressed to a high pressure by the compressor to transfer thermal energy to the ambient heat exchanger, the refrigerant is expanded to a low pressure by the expander, and the refrigerant absorbs thermal energy in the heating heat exchanger. Further, a defrosting process of the ambient heat exchanger triggered by the defrost mode is monitored. The monitoring of the defrosting process includes monitoring the pressure difference between the high pressure and the low pressure and/or monitoring the pressure gradient of the pressure difference between the high pressure and the low pressure and/or monitoring the high pressure.

Abstract: A thermal management system includes a refrigerant circulation line including a compressor, a first heat exchanger, a first expansion valve, and a second heat exchanger configured for cooling a vehicle interior by circulating a refrigerant; a heating line configured for heating the vehicle interior by circulating cooling water heat-exchanged with the refrigerant through the first heat exchanger and heat-exchanged with a battery; a cooling line configured for cooling an electrical component by circulating cooling water heat-exchanged with air or the refrigerant.

Abstract: A thermal management system includes an open-circuit refrigeration system having an open-circuit refrigerant fluid flow path. The open-circuit refrigeration system includes a receiver configured to store a refrigerant fluid, an evaporator configured to receive the refrigerant fluid at an evaporator inlet and to extract heat from a heat load that contacts the evaporator, and provide refrigerant vapor at an evaporator outlet. The open-circuit refrigeration system also includes a vapor pump device having a vapor pump inlet that receives the refrigerant vapor and having a vapor pump outlet that outputs compressed refrigerant vapor to an exhaust line coupled to the vapor pump outlet, with the receiver, the evaporator, the vapor pump device, and the exhaust line connected in the open-circuit refrigerant fluid flow path.

Abstract: A vehicle air-conditioning apparatus heat pump system configured so that an excessive increase in the temperature (superheat degree) of refrigerant discharged from a compressor can be prevented in air-heating operation. The heat pump system (HP) includes a compressor (C) and an indoor heat exchanger (HXC2) on a refrigerant circuit (RC). A first branched flow path (BC1) on which a first expansion mechanism (EX1) with an adjustable opening degree and a first heat absorption heat exchanger (HXA1) are arranged in series and a second branched flow path (BC2) on which a second expansion mechanism (EX2) with an adjustable opening degree and a second heat absorption heat exchanger (HXA2) are arranged in series, where the first branched flow path (BC1) and the second branched flow path (BC2) are arranged in parallel on the refrigerant circuit extending from the indoor heat exchanger to the compressor.

Abstract: A thermal management system includes a refrigerant loop, a battery coolant loop, and a motor coolant loop. The refrigerant loop includes a compressor selectively communicating with at least two of a condenser, an evaporator, and a heat exchanger. The battery coolant loop includes a first bypass path connected to the heat exchanger. The motor coolant loop includes a second bypass path connected to the radiator. A valve package includes ten outer ports and eight inner channels. Three outer ports connect to the heat exchanger, one of which is connected to the first bypass path. Two outer ports connect to the power supply system. Two outer ports connect to the powertrain system. Three outer ports connect to the radiator, one of which is connected to the second bypass path. Eight of the ten outer ports selectively communicate with four of the eight inner channels.

Abstract: A heat transfer fin includes a fin body and a plurality of through-holes formed through the fin body and spaced apart from each other in a first direction. When a flow direction of combustion gas that is to flow along a surface of the fin body is referred to as a second direction, the fin body includes a distal surrounding part that surrounds a first distal area located at the farthest upstream side of each of the through-holes. The shortest distance between an inner and an outer boundary of the distal surrounding part that is obtained in an area of the distal surrounding part located at the farthest upstream side is smaller than the shortest distance between the inner and the outer boundary that is obtained in an area of the distal surrounding part located at the farthest downstream side.

Abstract: Thermal management systems including a thermoelectric component, a two-phase heat transfer unit, and a controller are disclosed herein. The heat transfer unit has a phase-transition chamber and microfeatures in the phase-transition chamber that induce capillary forces to a working fluid that drives the working fluid through the phase-transition chamber. The controller is configured to operate the thermoelectric component and the heat transfer unit such that the heat transfer unit cools one side of the thermoelectric component to a first temperature and the thermoelectric component changes the temperature of a target material on its other side to a second temperature of +/?60° C. of the first temperature within 0.5-20 seconds.

Abstract: A system for controlling the climate of a cab of an autonomously operable machine when operated unmanned, and related machine. The system includes at least one temperature sensor to generate a signal indicative of the temperature within the cab and a controller configured to receive the signal as well as determine if the machine is being operated unmanned. If the machine is being operated unmanned, the controller is further configured to generate machine control commands to turn on the cab cooling device or cab heating device and adjust a blower as needed to maintain the cab temperature above the minimum and/or below the maximum temperature thresholds.

Abstract: An in-vehicle temperature adjustment system includes: a refrigeration circuit including an inter-medium heat exchanger and a vaporizer that vaporizes the cooling medium to achieve a refrigeration cycle by circulating a cooling medium; a thermal circuit including a heater core, the inter-medium heat exchanger, an engine thermal circuit, and a radiator to circulate the heating medium; and a controller that controls a distribution state of the heating medium. The thermal circuit includes: a first branch portion at which a coolant flowing out of the engine thermal circuit and the inter-medium heat exchanger is divided into coolants flowing into the heater core and into the radiator; a second branch portion at which a coolant flowing out of the heater core is divided into coolants flowing into the inter-medium heat exchanger and into the engine thermal circuit; a first adjustment valve and a second adjustment valve.

Abstract: A heat pump system for the vehicle includes a cooling apparatus, which includes a radiator and a water pump connected by a coolant line and circulating a coolant in the coolant line to cool at least one heating element provided on the coolant line. The heat pump system further includes a branched line including one end connected to a valve on the coolant line between the radiator and the heating element and the other end connected to the coolant line between the radiator and the water pump. The heat pump system further includes an air conditioner device circulating a refrigerant along the refrigerant line to adjust an indoor temperature of the vehicle.

Abstract: An air conditioner mountable on the roof of a recreational vehicle, comprising an outer cover, a gasket and means for providing at least one air flow path, the gasket and the means for providing at least one air flow path are located on the bottom side of the air conditioner, the gasket is configured to provide for a sealing with the outer roof surface of the recreational vehicle and the gasket is circumferential and encloses an area through which the air flow path passes, the air conditioner has one or more connection ports located at a portion on or underneath the outer cover, the one or more connection ports, in the mounted state of the air conditioner, are accessible by a user from outside the recreational vehicle.

Abstract: A radiator includes an upper tank and a lower tank for storing cooling water, and a core for connecting the upper tank and the lower tank to each other. The core includes a plurality of cooling water pipes for flowing the cooling water between the upper tank and the lower tank, and a plurality of fins that extend between the plurality of cooling water pipes to promote heat dissipation from the cooling water pipes. The core further includes a flow surface through which air can flow, the flow surface including a recess.

Abstract: A vehicle air conditioning device having a split housing structure includes: a front housing disposed in a compartment of a vehicle; a heat exchanger disposed in the front housing, a rear housing disposed in an engine room or a motor room of the vehicle; a firewall through which the front housing is connected with the rear housing; an inlet; a blower disposed in the rear housing; an evaporator configured to cool air or to chill air; upper and lower mixing doors disposed in an up-and-down direction downstream of the evaporator; a first plate member disposed between the upper and lower mixing doors; a second plate member disposed downstream of the heat exchanger; an upper outlet; and a lower outlet. The first plate member divides the airflow from the evaporator, and the upper and lower mixing doors each guides the airflow to selectively flow through the heat exchanger.

Abstract: Methods of operating an ice maker with an exposed refrigerant tube. The method includes providing a water stream to an ice formation cell of an ice formation tray. A refrigerant tube freezes a portion of the water stream in order to make an ice piece layer. An ejector pries the ice piece layer away from the ice formation cell. The ejector is configured to rotate about an axis.

Abstract: A multi-stage refrigeration system (100) includes: a refrigeration loop (110), which includes a gas suction port of a multi-stage compressor (111), a condenser (112), a first throttling element (113), an evaporator (114) and an exhaust port of the multi-stage compressor which are sequentially connected through pipelines; an economizer branch (120), which includes an economizer (121), a second throttling element (122) and a first control valve (123), the economizer having an economizer liquid inlet connected to the condenser via the first throttling element, an economizer liquid outlet connected to the evaporator via the second throttling element, and an economizer exhaust port connected to an intermediate stage of the multi-stage compressor via a control valve; and a bypass branch (130), which is joined to the evaporator from the downstream of the second throttling element and connected to the condenser via the first throttling element, and on which a second control valve (131) is arranged.