Abstract: There is disclosed a method and apparatus for developing and controlling pharmaceutical granulations from a tabletting characteristics standpoint, involving instrumenting a tablet press to derive both the peak compression force and peak ejection force information for each tabletting event in convenient digital form. The thusly derived compression and ejection force information is automatically scaled to desired units of force and utilized in compression and ejection profiles and in the calculation of the average and standard deviations for both compression and ejection in the pursuit of optimization of the tabletted granulation regarding such tabletting characteristics as compressibility, lubricity, relative flow, compression failure point, and tendency of the formed tablets to adhere to the tablet press punches.

Abstract: A hand-held, programmable, electronic calculator is capable of performing a larger number of functions than the number of keys on its keyboard and has one or more prefix keys to allow one function key to initiate more than one function. Each key generates a unique key code when it is depressed, and the calculator may be programmed by storing a series of the key codes in a memory. Memory space can be saved by generating unique merged codes to represent the combination of a prefix key and a function key, and storing this single merged code rather than the two key codes.

Abstract: A magnetic field is determined with a Hall element having a high sensitivity. Such an element is very susceptible to a variation of environmental temperature and thus requires a compensation thereof for the determination of a magnetic field. Two electric signals, indicative of the magnitudes of the Hall voltage and the temperature, respectively, are produced and fed into respective inputs of an analog calculator to thereby indicate the determined magnitude of the magnetic field automatically. In one aspect of the invention, the temperature signal may be obtained by detecting a control voltage across the control current terminals of the Hall element during passage of the control current therethrough. Alternatively, it may be obtained by means of a thermistor.

Abstract: A delay time compensation circuit includes a pair of first and second sensing devices having different time constant values. The outputs from the sensing devices are each differentiated and at the same time compared to provide a difference signal. Both differentiated and difference signals are processed into an output which represents a value to compensate for errors resulting from the first-order time lag of the sensing devices. The compensating output is added to the output from the first sensing device.

Abstract: A programmable controller includes a hardwired monitor module which connects to the I/O address decoder and the central logic unit of the controller. The monitor module detects malfunctions which cause deviations in the operation of these elements from a prescribed pattern, and in response generates a disabling signal which deenergizes all operating devices on the controlled system. A diagnostic module is also included and is comprised of a set of routines stored in the controller memory which periodically direct the controller to operate according to a prescribed pattern and to indicate deviations from that pattern as a malfunction. Such malfunctions are indicated in a diagnostic register which connects to the monitor module.

Abstract: A method and device are provided for displaying the effect of control action in real time by simultaneously applying the control action both to the system to be controlled and a computer model of the system. The effect of the control action on the model is displayed to the operator in a manner which dynamically decouples the display to the operator in a manner which dynamically decouples the display from the actual system's response over some suitable frequency range, thereby enhancing the stability and performance of the control system's operation. The method and device are described in conjunction with a preferred embodiment of an aircraft gun fire control system and variation of that system. A computer model or pseudo aircraft, termed a command aircraft, is programmed into a computer carried by an actual aircraft. In addition to providing conventional control information to the actual aircraft, the control actions of the pilot "fly" the command aircraft.

Abstract: A color print painted with different colors C.sub.i (i = 1, 2 . . . n) is scanned by a color scanner along a plurality of successive line paths to generate a set of electrical signals each representing the intensity of the spectral components of the light reflected from an elemental area of the print. A macroscopic color separator is provided to generate a set of electrical signals each representing the average spectral intensities per unit area of the print. A data processor is used to compute the probability P(C.sub.i) from the data obtained from the macroscopic color separator and a set of mean spectral intensities exhibited by the color samples with which the print is painted by artisans. In accordance with the Bayes' Rule, the processor then executes computation of the product of P(C.sub.

Abstract: In a system wherein transitions occur in a data signal encoded with a known format and transition displacements occur as a result of bandwidth limitations, noise, and the like, there is disclosed a method and means for measuring the probability density function associated with such transition displacements. Furthermore, the present system permits the measurement of conditional probability such that the probability density function associated with certain selected transitions can be separately evaluated. The probability density function associated with transition displacements is measured by measuring the average frequency of occurrence of transitions of the data within a narrow, first time interval, varying the first time interval over a larger, second time interval during which transitions of the data are expected to occur, and plotting the average frequency of occurrence of data transitions determined at each first interval.

Abstract: A normalized count from a digital computer in a layer-thickness measuring device of the beta ray back-scatter type, is fed to a digital-analog converter and a correction circuit which realizes the function X.sub.n corr = X.sub.n +A a.sub.2 X.sub.n.sup.p (1-x.sub.n).sup.q and then to an indicator having a non-linear scale, in which X.sub.n is the normalized count, A is a dimensionless number between +1 and -1, a.sub.2 is a dimensionless number between +0.1 and -0.1, and p and q are dimensionless positive values around unity but different from one another which are permanently wired into the correction circuit.

Abstract: Anticipation signals are derived for each peak whenever a differential exists within a closed loop having the electrical output connected to the input thereof and a confirmation signal is derived after each peak at a threshold level of the new slope polarity exceeding the noise level of the electrical output. The amplitude of each peak is stored as a voltage level which follows the electrical output throughout either slope polarity until a peak is reached and this voltage level is continuously compared with the electrical output to derive the slope polarity thresholds. Otherwise, a very particular embodiment is disclosed with which the stored voltage level only relates to either the most significant maximum or minimum peak of the electrical output and the disclosed embodiments are related to instruments which perform spectral analysis.

Abstract: A system for analyzing a time-varying phenomenon in which the latter is repetitively initiated and a spectral output is generated during the course of each successive phenomenon. The output spectrum is repetitively scanned by a fast Fourier transform interferometer to produce an interferogram. The time relation between a selected retardation point in the interferometer and the initiation of each phenomenon is successively shifted so as to produce an ordered set of interferograms each representing a different time relation between initiation and scanning. Data corresponding to a selected temporal resolution element having a fixed time position following initiation of the phenomenon are selected from each of the ordered set of interferograms and the selected data are then reassembled in the same order as the interferograms from which they were taken, to produce a synthetic interferogram.

Abstract: An MOS analog to digital converter circuit is provided in which an MOS enhanced capacitor is interposed between a buffer circuit responsive to an analog input and a digital output. The capacitance value present between the first terminal and the second terminal of the MOS enchanced capacitor is determined by the particular value of analog input voltage applied via the input buffer circuit. An oscillator pulse coupled to a second terminal of the enhanced capacitor produces a resultant pulse on the first terminal of the enhanced capacitor which in turn is coupled to an input of digital comparator circuits which are part of the digital output means. A series of reference voltages coupled to the other inputs of the digital comparator circuits allow the generation of a series of digital output signals whose value is indicative of the value of analog input signal present, thus accomplishing the analog to digital conversion function.

Abstract: A ramp generator for driving a bar graph display which utilizes a feedback circuit to set its maximum level of the ramp.

Abstract: Apparatus for monitoring two sinusoidal electric quantities of a common period, comprises two similarly timed samplers, an arithmetic unit for combining, in accordance with a preselected relation, three consecutive samples of each electric quantity so as to produce an output signal which is independent of time and phase relations between the sampling pulses and the respective quantities. The output signal may be determined solely by peak values of the respective quantities, phase difference between the electric quantities, and timing period. The apparatus further comprises a discriminator circuit having a reference level and responsive to the output signal for producing a signal for use in monitoring the electric quantities.

Abstract: A pocket-size portable electronic device for playing chess problems comprises an electronic visual display, a display driver, an 8-digit keyboard and scanner, function keys and scanner, a random access memory, registers and counters, and a logic control unit which includes a switchable data bus controlled by a read only memory, a ROM pointer and a clock. The logic control unit decodes entered coded groups of data according to a special decoding algorithm, the decoded groups represent white and black moves for solving a chess problem. The groups are stored in a random access memory in use. The device responds to specific white moves input. If the input white move is the same as the stored corresponding white move, the device will display the next black move. The user then decides upon his next white move, the play is continued until the problem is solved by the entry of correct white moves.

Abstract: A system for developing a warning condition output signal when a monitored input variable exceeds a warn profile defined value defined as a predetermined function of an input reference variable, in which the warning condition output signal is delayed by a time .tau. from the time that a warning condition is sensed. The profile offset thus induced is compensated for by generating an anticipated future value of the reference variable after a time .tau. from the instant value and rate of change thereof, with the anticipated future value being utilized to generate the warn profile. Lag introduced by filtering which might be employed in generating the anticipated value, as well as any lag time existing between a reference variable failure and a failure condition signal which may be used to inhibit development of a warning condition signal, are then permissible, and are compensated for without profile offset by choosing a delay time .tau.

Abstract: This specification discloses a mile post location system particularly useful with a vehicle having a citizens band radio. The system includes a keyboard having switches which are representative of numbered digits, such that the vehicle operator may input an initial mile post designation indicative of the present location of the vehicle. The keyboard further includes switches to enable the vehicle operator to input incrementing or decrementing instructions. A computer circuit is responsive to the operation of the keyboard switches in order to store the initial mile post designation and the incrementing or decrementing instructions. A transducer is responsive to the distance traveled by the vehicle in order to generate and apply signals to the computer circuit. In response thereto, the computer circuit causes the initial mile post designation to be incremented or decremented in accordance with the stored instructions.

Abstract: A rate/time control device for computing an activity period. The control device includes a clock for generating a representation of present time and an element for storing a start time therein. A first input element provides an input to the storage device from the clock representative of the start time. A first output element is provided for receiving an output from the storage device representative of the start time. A time computer is included for computing the activity period by subtracting the start time from the present time.The control device further includes a rate selector and a charge computer for calculating a monetary charge for the activity period by multiplying the rate by the activity period. A plurality of the control devices may be coupled together to allow one control element to operate a plurality of units.

Abstract: An electronic calculator includes input means for entering numeric data, and means for discriminating between the integral and the fractional part of a mixed fraction entered by said input means. According to the electronic calculator numeric data can be entered in accordance with the fractional expression.

Abstract: A coder and a decoder having delay elements of the same delay time arranged one after the other in which the signal transmission ratio code of the signal paths from the input of the circuit to the output is chosen in accordance with bessel coefficients so as to prevent disturbing echoes.