Abstract: The present invention relates to emulsion compositions for starting a reformer of a fuel cell system. In particular, the invention includes emulsion compositions comprising hydrocarbon fuel, water and alkyl polyglycerol surfactants for starting a reformer of a fuel cell system.

Abstract: A fuel rendering composition, an alternative supplemental fuel and a universal fuel treatment. Halogenated hydrocarbon(s) and solvent(s), particularly terpenoid containing solvent(s), are combined to form a composition that when mixed with vegetable oil, crude or refined, renders that oil suitable for use in a diesel engine. Various hydrocarbons, solvents and related compounds are disclosed. Providing a metal-organic compound such as a cyclopentadienyl compound with a halogenated hydrocarbon and solvent at appropriate rates produces a universal fuel treatment.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions for shortstopping free radical emulsion polymerizations and stabilizing polymers produced from the corresponding emulsion processes. Such compositions include at least one hydrophillic radical scavenger (i.e, shortstopper) and at least one hydrophobic radical scavenger. The compositions are preferably targeted for applications in the emulsion processes of rubber latexes. These compositions exhibit excellent performance not only as shortstoppers of free radical emulsion polymerizations but also as stabilizers of the corresponding polymers. Thus, the compositions prevent additional polymerization in the particles without requiring additional stabilizer even after such polymers are steam stripped. They do so without the use of chemicals which carry a high safety, health, or environmental risk.

Abstract: This invention relates to a corrosion inhibiting composition for use in commercial, institutional, and industrial water systems. The compositions comprise a mixture of (1) a fatty acid ester, and (2) a polyethylene glycol ester. These compositions are useful in inhibiting the corrosion of metals such as steel, copper, and brass, which are exposed to water.

Abstract: This invention relates to a diesel fuel composition comprising a major amount of a base fuel and a relatively minor amount of at least one chemical component other than that generated in a refinery process stream which component is miscible with the base fuel in such proportions that the T30 temperature of the resultant composition is in the range from 205-240° C. The control of the T30 temperature within the specified range by blending with the minor component results in a significant reduction in particulate emissions.

Abstract: A spark ignition motor fuel composition consisting essentially of: a hydrocarbon component containing one or more hydrocarbons selected from five to eight carbon atoms straight-chained or branched alkanes, wherein the hydrocarbon component has a minimum anti-knock index of 65 as measured by ASTM D-2699 and D-2700 and a maximum dry vapor pressure equivalent (DVPE) of 15 psi (one atmosphere (atm.)) as measured by ASTM D-5191; a fuel grade alcohol; and a co-solvent for the hydrocarbon component and the fuel grade alcohol; wherein the hydrocarbon component, the fuel grade alcohol and the co-solvent are present in amounts selected to provide a motor fuel with a minimum anti-knock index of 87 as measured by ASTM D-2699 and D-2700, and a maximum DVPE of 15 psi (1 atm.) as measured by ASTM D-5191, and wherein the fuel composition is essentially free of olefins, aromatics, and sulfur.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-evaporating lubricant and cleaner formulation that protects all types of film by forming a slick protective coating that reduces or eliminates dirt, scratches and static charges. An embodiment of the present invention comprises an organic mixture of greater than ninety-five percent (95%) aliphatic hydrocarbons. A preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises aliphatic petroleum naphtha, aliphatic petroleum distillates and petroleum base oil.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a colored flame candle and manufacture thereof. The colored flame candle according to the present invention comprises a candle body and a candle combustion wick, wherein the candle body comprises a primary combustion agent, a higher fatty acid amide and a higher fatty acid triglyceride as the strengt- and flexibility-modifier, a color-forming agent and conventional adjuvant such perfumes and pigments. The colored flame candle according to the present invention has high strength and flexibility, and thus is not easy to be crushed during its manufacture and marketing. Furthermore, the colored flame candle according to the present invention has high flame stability and thus has enhanced quality.

Abstract: Disclosed is a decorative candle containing a glitter material and a suitable candle matrix. The glitter material is selected so as to minimize safety, regulatory or toxicity concerns, such as may exist with the use in candles of conventional glitter materials. The glitter material is further selected such that conventional candle matrices and conventional processing techniques can be utilized for preparation of the decorative candle.

Abstract: Compositions comprising (a) an ethylene-mixed unsaturated ester copolymer or (b) two or more ethylene-unsaturated ester copolymers differing, for example, in their ester chains improve the low temperature properties of fuel oils.

Abstract: A fuel composition comprising a major amount of hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline or diesel range and an effective detergent amount of a hydroxyalkyl-substituted amine which is the reaction product of: (a) a polyolefin epoxide derived from a branched chain polyolefin having an average molecular weight of about 400 to 5,000; and (b) an nitrogen-containing compound selected from ammonia, a monoamine having from 1 to 40 carbon atoms, and a polyamine having from 2 to about 12 amine nitrogen atoms and from 2 to about 40 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A simulated rock and a method of producing it, using Portland Cement, Bentonite or lime, polystyrene, and water. Ground polystyrene is mixed with cement, Bentonite or lime, and water, to form a settable cement formulation which is poured into removable forms. Reinforcing members are included in the mold, and a lifting hook is provided for later lifting and transporting of the resultant simulated rock. One or more base coats can be applied using a different formula, and a color coat can be applied. The method is use for making landscaping rocks, rock fountains, stone barbecues, light pillars, planters, room dividers, artificial masonry panels, and any structure which uses rocks or masonry.

Abstract: Novel dispersant mixtures are provided, having improved lubricating oil performance characteristics, comprising nitrogen or ester containing dispersants selected from the group consisting of oil soluble salts, amides, imides, oxazoline and esters or mixtures thereof, wherein a first dispersant comprises a long chain hydrocarbon substituted mono- and dicarboxylic acid or their anhydrides derived from polymers of C.sub.2 to C.sub.10 monoolefins wherein the polymer has a number average molecular weight of at least about 1300 and wherein the second dispersant component is derived from such polymers having a number average molecular weight of from about 700 to 1150. The relatively high molecular weight dispersant is provided with from about 1.05 to 1.25 moles per mole of polyolefin of an alpha or beta unsaturated C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 dicarboxylic acid or anhydride or ester thereof. The relatively lower molecular weight dispersant is provided with from about 1.2 to 2.

Abstract: An improved lubricant for coating moving webs is provided. The lubricant includes a chemically modified lecithin, such as hydroxylated or acethylated lecithin, and a fatty ester to completely eliminate the need for a surfactant in the composition. The mixture avoids foaming while maintaining the coating structure, even at high speeds found in modern printing equipment and processes. The lubricant improves coating rheology and maintains coating structure. The lubricant maintains a homogeneous coating, even at high speeds, thus resulting in superior coating and paper characteristics.

Abstract: A diesel fuel composition comprising a major amount of hydrocarbons boiling in the diesel range and an effective lubricity enhancing amount of a salt of an alkyl hydroxyaromatic compound and an aliphatic amine, wherein the salt has the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl of 6 to 25 carbon atoms; R.sub.1 is alkyl or alkenyl of 6 to 50 carbon atoms; and X is hydrogen, hydroxy or the group --O.sup.- H.sub.3 N.sup.+ --R.sub.2, wherein R.sub.2 is alkyl or alkenyl of 6 to 50 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A superheavy oil emulsion fuel having a low viscosity and a good long-term stability, which comprises, in a mixed and emulsified state, 100 parts by weight of a superheavy oil, 25 to 80 parts by weight of water and 0.02 to 5 parts by weight of a specific nonionic surfactant.A method for regenerating an oil-in-water superheavy oil emulsion fuel deteriorated to such a slight extent that the emulsion fuel can be pumped and handled as a fluid liquid to give an oil-in-water superheavy oil emulsion fuel having a good fluidity and a low unburned content, and a method for regenerating an oil-in-water superheavy oil emulsion fuel deteriorated to such a remarkable extent that the emulsion fuel has such a high viscosity that the pumping thereof is difficult and cannot be handled as a fluid liquid to give an oil-in-water superheavy oil emulsion fuel having a good fluidity and a low unburned content, wherein use is made of a specific nonionic surfactant.

Abstract: The present invention provides a grease for a slide contact which comprises 100 parts by weight of a synthetic base oil which contains synthetic poly-.alpha.-olefin oil mixture as a main ingredient consisting of synthetic poly-.alpha.-olefin oil having a low viscosity of from 8 to 30 cSt (40.degree. C.) and synthetic poly-.alpha.-olefin oil having a high viscosity of 470 cSt (40 .degree. C.), 0.1-10 parts by weight of fine particulate clay mineral having micropores and/or fine particulate clay mineral structure having monolayers capable of intercalating water or anions, 5-25 parts by weight of thickener consisting of 12-hydroxy lithium stearate and lithium stearate in a weight ratio of from 20:1 to 5: 1, and 0.1-2.0 parts by weight of a phenolic primary antioxidant. The grease according to the present invention is particularly suitable as a grease for a slide contact of the sliding switch of vehicles such as an automobile.

Abstract: Succinimide derivatives represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of M, ##STR2## wherein R is a hydrocarbon-based group containing from about 8 up to about 35 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group containing up to 8 carbon atoms; R.sub.4 is a hydrocarbon-based group containing up to about 28 carbon atoms; R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are each independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon-based group containing up to about 25 carbon atoms; and M is a metal cation.

Abstract: Abundant low cost low rank coal may now be gasified by partial oxidation or burned in a furnace or boiler. About 30 to 45 parts by wt. of comminuted low rank coal is mixed and reacted in the reaction zone of a partial oxidation gas generator with a free-oxygen containing gas and (a) about 1 to 3 parts by wt. of a residual fuel oil, and (b) about 70 to 55 parts by wt. of water. The hot effluent stream of synthesis gas, reducing gas or fuel gas from the partial oxidation gasifier may be purified to provide a gas stream which will not pollute the environment.

Abstract: A stable gelled material used as a fuel which consists of a composition of diethylene glycol mixed with a gelling agent of fumed silica. Polyethylene glycol may also be added to improve its burning characteristics.