Abstract: Conductive fuel detergent compositions which posses not only the desirable characteristics of minimizing unwanted deposits on internal engine surface such as intake systems or port fuel injectors and exhibiting anticorrosion characteristics but also have conductive properties comprise quaternary succinimides which are characterized by having an oligomeric alkyl moiety on the succinimide ring. The additive may be prepared by condensing a (polyalkyl)succinic anhydride with a polyamino hydroxyalkyl quaternary ammonium salt, where the latter is formed by the reaction of a .OMEGA.-haloepoxide with a tertiary amine followed by reaction of the resulting product with a polyamine.

Abstract: Novel dispersant mixtures are provided, having improved lubricating oil performance characteristics, comprising nitrogen or ester containing dispersants selected from the group consisting of oil soluble salts, amides, imides, oxazoline and esters or mixtures thereof, wherein a first dispersant comprises a long chain hydrocarbon substituted mono- and dicarboxylic acid or their anhydrides derived from polymers of C.sub.2 to C.sub.10 monoolefins wherein the polymer has a number average molecular weight of at least about 1300 and wherein the second dispersant component is derived from such polymers having a number average molecular weight of from about 700 to 1150. The relatively high molecular weight dispersant is provided with from about 1.05 to 1.25 moles per mole of polyolefin of an alpha or beta unsaturated C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 dicarboxylic acid or anhydride or ester thereof. The relatively lower molecular weight dispersant is provided with from about 1.2 to 2.

Abstract: A method of producing ethanol from a fermentation source for direct blending into gasoline to form gasohol is provided by extracting ethanol from the fermentation broth with a non-toxic solvent compatible with gasoline. The invention includes extraction outside of the fermentor and the recycling of the extracted broth back to the fermentor. An extracting column is used for the extraction and recycling and the extract can be dried before blending it with the gasoline. The preferred solvent is an alkylate.

Abstract: It has now been discovered that oligomers of C.sub.6 - C.sub.20 alpha-olefins, such as 1-decene, with branch ratios below 0.19 and high viscosity indices (HVI) can be functionalized to provide unique phosphite derivatives. Functionalized polyalpha-olefin lubricants compositions are prepared with superior properties by adding functionalized organophosphites to the olefinic bond of HVI-PAO. The invention encompasses a process for the preparation of lubricant range hydrocarbons containing phosphonate functional groups, comprising;reacting olefinic C.sub.20 + polyalpha-olefin oligomers having a branch ratio of less than 0.19 and phosphite ester in a mixture with peroxide catalyst at elevated temperature whereby phosphite ester adduct of said polyalpha-olefin is formed;separating said reaction mixture products and recovering said adduct.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for integrating etherification to produce diisopropyl ether (DIPE) with processes to convert oxygenates and hydrocarbons to gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons in a manner which eliminates the requirement to recycle unreacted C.sub.3 hydrocarbons to the DIPE etherification zone. In the novel integrated process the unreacted C.sub.3 hydrocarbons are separated as vapor and passed to a conversion zone in contact with acidic metallosilicate catalyst. Depending on the conversion conditions the unreacted C.sub.3 hydrocarbons are converted to gasoline, distillate and/or aromatics, preferably in conjunction with additional feedstock containing lower oxygenates, olefins or paraffins. Also, isopropanol (IPA) and minor by-product dimers and trimers of propene from the DIPE reaction are separated and passed as a feedstream to the oxygenates and hydrocarbon conversion zone.

Abstract: A wax-containing middle distillate, such as diesel fuel, having improved low temperature flow properties comprises three or more components including (A) an oil-soluble ethylene backbone flow improving polymer such as ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, (B) a hydrocarbyl substituted amine salt and/or amide of a carboxylic acid or anhydride such as phthalic anhydride salts, and (C) a hydrocarbyl substituted amine salt and/or amide of a derivative of benzoic acid such as the dihydrogenerated tallow amine salt of an alkyl substituted dithiobenzoic acid.

Abstract: A wax-containing middle distillate, such as diesel fuel, having improved low temperature flow properties comprises three or more components including (A) an oil-soluble ethylene backbone flow improving polymer such as ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, (B) a hydrocarbyl substituted amine salt and/or amide of a carboxylic acid or anhydride such as phthalic anhydride salts, and (C) a hydrocarbyl substituted amine salt of a derivative of phosphoric acid such as the dihydrogenated tallow amine salt of dialkyldithiophosphoric acid.

Abstract: Phosphite-free lubricating oil composition which comprises a) a mineral oil or a synthetic oil or a mixture thereof, and b) a mixture containing at least one aromatic amine of the formula (I), ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.3 ' are as defined in claim 1, and at least one phenol of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and A are as defined in claim 1, and the compounds are present in the mixture in a ratio of 2 to 6 parts by weight of the aromatic amine(s) of the formula I to 1 part by weight of the phenol(s) of the formula II.The lubricating oil compositions are highly resistant to ageing and are effective in preventing black sludge formation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a burner membrane (1) for radiant burner comprising a porous sintered web of inorganic fibres that are resistant to high temperatures, wherein at least the membrane surface (3) opposite from the fuel supply side (2) has been provided with grooves (4) in the shape of a grid and which grooves bound the meshes (5) of the grid. Preferably, the meshes are regular polygons with a surface area of between 4 and 400 mm.sup.2. The porosity is between 70% and 90% and the permeability variation over its surface is less than 25%.

Abstract: A method for releasing trialkylamines into the dye circulation stream of a dye laser and a filter cartridge containing a resin bound anion stabilizing agent for insertion into the dye circulation stream of a dye laser improves the performance thereof, especially with respect to excimer and flashlamp pumped coumarin and carbostyryl dye lasers. The resin bears quaternary ammonium groups, and borohydride, bromide, hudroxide or chloride may be used as the counter ion. A resin bound borohydride stabilizing agent is capable of releasing trialkylamine into the dye circulation stream and reducing the carbonyl functional groups of polyarbonyl material in the stream to less light absorbing alcohol functional groups. A resin bound chloride stabilizing agent is capable of releasing trialkylamine into the dye circulation stream as a quencher and radical scavenger.

Abstract: Thisinvention relates to a process for the preparation of tablets readily soluble and/or splitable in water comprising introducing, into the preparation ready to be pressed, a sufficient amount of a liquid agent having a boiling point between 35.degree. C. and +50.degree. C. selected from within the halogenated hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof, proceeding with the comprising step and, finally, eliminating the volatile liquid which leads to a porous structure.

Abstract: Coal-water slurries containing a rheological additive are provided. Rheological additives employed for preparation of the coal-water slurries are amide products obtained by reaction of a polycarboxylic acid with a polyether diamine and, optionally, other amines or hydroxylic compounds. Salts of the amides may also be advantageously employed as dispersants. The additives are employed in an amount from about 0.1 to about 4 percent by weight to provide stable aqueous slurries containing from 60 to 80 percent by weight coal solids.

Abstract: A lubricant for a refrigerating machine is here disclosed which comprises a polyether represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein B is a residue of a compound having 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups, A.sub.1 O and A.sub.2 O may be identical or different, each of them is an oxyalkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 may be identical or different, each of them is hydrogen or a methyl group, R is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, a is an integer of from 0 to 100, b is an integer of from 1 to 100, c is an integer of from 0 to 100, d is an integer of from 0 to 100, the oxyalkylene group and the chlorine-containing group in the parentheses { } may be each combined by random copolymerization or block copolymerization, l is an integer of from 1 to 8, m is an integer of from 0 to 7, and l +m is an integer of from 2 to 8.The lubricant of the present case is particularly excellent in lubricating properties.

Abstract: The addition of certain alkylamine substituted benzotriazole compounds to a lubricant imparts improved oxidation stability and rust inhibition to the lubricant.

Abstract: Novel phosphite derivatives of propylene based lube olefins are novel lubricating fluid media with internal synergistic multifunctional extreme pressure, antiwear and antioxidant properties. These compounds exhibit the same multifunctional characteristics when used in minor additive amounts in either mineral or synthetic lubricating oils as well as fuels.

Abstract: Phosphorus compounds having at least one chlorine, bromine or iodine bonded directly to phosphorus are transhalogenated with fluorine by reaction with a fluoride salt, e.g., KF, or ammonium fluoride in the presence of a hydrogen halide salt of a pyridine-type nitrogen base, e.g., pyridine hydrochloride.

Abstract: A composition useful as a gasoline additive, preferably to increase engine performance and/or mileage per unit volume of fuel, is described. The composition comprises about 45% to about 55% by weight of toluene and about 45% to about 55% by weight of C.sub.8 alkyl aromatic component selected from the group consisting of ethylbenzene, paraxylene, metaxylene, orthoxylene and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition resulting, in a first stage, from the reaction of at least one alkenyl or polyalkenylsuccinic acid or anhydride on at least one 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-imidazoline substituted in the 2-position by a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical, with 1 to 25 atoms of carbon in an imidazoline to succinic derivative molar ratio of 0.1:1 to 0.9:1 with the removal of at least 0.15 mole of water per mole of imidazoline, and then, in a second stage, from the reaction of the product obtained in the first stage on at least one polyamine in an amount representing at least 0.1 mole per mole of the succinic derivative utilized in the first stage.Also disclosed are methods for the utilization of these compositions as multifunction additives in engine fuels having as a base hydrocarbons or a mixture of hydrocarbons and at least one oxygen compound selected from the group constituted by alcohols and ethers.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition for two-cycle engines comprising(A) 40 to 90% by weight of one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of copolymers of ethylene and an .alpha. -olefin and polymers of an .alpha. -olefin having 6 to 18 carbon atoms;(B) 0 to 50% by weight of a polybutene having a kinematic viscosity of 2 to 600 cSt as measured at 100.degree. C.;(C) 5 to 50% by weight of a hydrocarbonaceous solvent having a boiling point not higher than 300.degree. C.; and(D) 2 to 20% by weight of a lubricating oil additive for two-cycle engines.The lubricating oil composition for two-cycle engines excels in both cleanliness and anti-seizure property.

Abstract: This invention discloses a process for reducing sulphur dioxide emission from burning coal containing sulphur. In the disclosed process, pulverized combustible materials, such as coal, wood flour, combustible plant, charcoal, etc., and a sulphur trapping agent composition are mixed homogeneously to form an admixture which is ground to powder with dimension from about 30 mesh to about 60 mesh. With an improved roll briquetter of the present invention, briquettes with a microporous surface layer of said admixture powder can be prepared. In such briquettes, the atomic ratio of calcium in the sulphur trapping agent composition to sulphur in the pulverized coal is within the range of from about 1.0 to about 2.0. Microporous pellets of said admixture having opening-porosity are also prepared with conventional roll briquetter. The diameter of the prepared pellets is within the range from about 8 mm to about 20 mm. A layer of said pellets covers the surface of pulverized coal in a burner for combustion.