Abstract: A process for the preparation of storage-stable concentrated fluid dye compositions of water-soluble dyes, wherein an aqueous solution or suspension of at least one anionic crude dye is passed over a semi-permeable membrane containing ionic groups and having a pore diameter of 1 to 500 .ANG., to remove salts and synthesis by-products of molecular weights less than 500 and to partially remove water, optionally dried, and mixed with a water-miscible organic solvent and, if desired, further additives, before and/or after passage over the semi-permeable membrane. The fluid dye compositions obtained are particularly suitable for use in spray solutions for dyeing leather, as well as for the dying and printing of textile materials, in particular cellulosic fibres.

Abstract: A tanning material solution, containing both basic chromic sulfate and quinone groups, to which mercaptoacetic acid as a quinone hindering corrective is previously added.

Abstract: A concentrated fabric softening composition comprises at least 10% cationic fabric softener, up to 4% ethoxylated nonionic material selected from ethoxylated amides, alcohols, acids and esters with not more than 7EO groups per molecule, 0.02 to 0.5% of an electrolyte and less than 2.5%, if any, of an alkanol with 1-4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An antimicrobial fabric is comprised of an aminoalkylsilylated fabric to which is covalently bonded an antimicrobial agent through an intermediate polyfunctional spacer moiety. The antimicrobial agent is maintained well away from the fabric surface, thereby minimizing surface effects on antimicrobial action.

Abstract: A process for dyeing a voluminous flat form polyamide substrate with anionic dyestuffs according to the cold pad-batch method, which process comprises the step of selecting the initial pH of the dyeing liquor within a range depending on the affinity of the substrate for anionic dyestuffs and the molecular weight of the anionic dyestuffs so as to give a substantial linear exhaustion of the dyeing liquor, the dyeing liquor being free from a thickening, swelling or foaming agent.

Abstract: A wetting agent, in particular for mercerizing cotton and cotton blend fabrics, which contains(a) sulfates of a fatty alcohol having 6 to 18 carbon atoms,(b) phosphates of a monoalcohol having 4 to 12 carbon atoms,(c) alcohols having 6 to 18 carbon atoms or condensation products thereof with paraformaldehyde,(d) a hydrotropic solubilizing agent and optionally(e) an adduct of an organopolysiloxane and ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide and/or(f) a complexing agent.The wetting agents are distinguished by great wetting power and low foaming, not only in the course of the mercerization but also in the recovery of liquor from mercerizing washing baths.

Abstract: Cellulosic textile material is dyed with substantive dyes or preferably with reactive dyes. Dyeing is carried out by applying to the cellulosic material an aqueous dye liquor which contains, in addition to the dye, a graft polymer which is obtained from an adduct of an alkylene oxide, preferably propylene oxide, with an at least trihydric aliphatic alcohol, e.g. glycerol, and acrylamide or methacrylamide. The cellulosic material is then subjected to a heat treatment, e.g. by steaming or with microwaves, or is stored cold, to fix the dyes.This dye liquor increases the liquor pick-up and thus also increases the dye yield, while at the same time excellent levelness is achieved.

Abstract: The cure efficiency for the treatment of fabrics with tetra(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium compounds and their precondensates e.g. with urea especially from THP sulphate, is improved by passing gaseous ammonia through impregnated fabric then wetting the fabric and completing the cure with more ammonia, preferably again passed it through the fabric.

Abstract: Antifelting treatment of keratinous fibres according to which the material is freed of its natural or foreign impurities by an aqueous detergent bath containing at least one metal ion sequestering agent; the rinsed material is treated by a water-soluble salt of a metal having several valencies, hot, in an aqueous bath of pH 3 to 4 during a sufficient period of time to achieve the homogeneous fixing of the metal salt on the fibre; the rinsed material is treated with an aqueous bath in the presence of an oxidizing agent which does not introduce metal ions and of an organic base at a pH of 8.5 to 9, hot, for 1 hour 30 minutes to 2 hours; the rinsed material is treated with an aqueous bath containing a reducing agent which does not introduce metal ions and a sequestering agent, to eliminate the ingredients used; and the material obtained is treated by an aqueous bath at pH 3, the material being subsequently drained and dried over acid.

Abstract: A softener emulsion for making textiles water-repellent and improving their handle is prepared by melting a mixture ofR--NH--CO--NH--CH.sub.2 --(O--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2).sub.n --OR.sup.1,R.sup.2 --CO--NH--CH.sub.2 --(O--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2).sub.n --OR.sup.1,R--NH--CO--NH--CH.sub.2 OH andR.sup.2 --CO--NH--CH.sub.2 OHtogether with an anionic emulsifier and emulsifying the melt into an emulsion with water and alkaline earth metal ions.

Abstract: Hydroxymethylated organic carbamates are reacted with water soluble alcohols to produce etherified hydroxymethylated carbamates which are used with an acid catalyst to treat cellulosic textiles for sufficient time and temperature to produce a durable press low formaldehyde release cellulosic textile. Carbamates from the group consisting of alkyl or alkoxyalkyl carbamates of less than six carbons can be used. Water soluble aliphatic monohydric and polyhydric alcohols of one to six carbons are also satisfactory. The hydroxymethylated carbamate is reacted with the alcohol at about 10.degree. C. to 100.degree. C. about 0.5 to 16 hours at a pH from about 1 to 6. Concentrations of acid catalyst range from 0.5 to 3.0% of the solution. Curing temperatures range from about 120.degree. C. to 160.degree. C. for about 0.5 to 10 minutes.

Abstract: A steam foam drive process for displacing oil within a subterranean reservoir is improved by injecting into the reservoir a steam-foam-forming mixture of steam, and an olefin sulfonate-containing surfactant component.

Abstract: Built detergent bleach compositions are disclosed comprising a surface-active agent, a peroxide compound bleach (e.g. sodium perborate), a manganese compound which delivers manganese (II) ions in aqueous solution (e.g. manganous sulphate or manganous chloride) and a builder mixture comprising a condensed phosphate and an alkalimetal orthophosphate in a weight ratio of from 10:1 to 1:60, preferably from 5:1 to 1:30. The composition is particularly effective for washing fabrics at low temperature, e.g. from 20.degree.-60.degree. C., but is also usable at higher temperatures.

Abstract: Viscose or other regenerated cellulose fibres are prepared for dyeing by cross-linking the fibres, and they are then dyed by a continuous dyeing technique, followed by fixing of the dye in the fibres. The continuous dyeing generally involves impregnating the assembly in one or more impregnation stages with a vat or reactive dye and alkali. The process results in improved dye receptivity. The process is of particular value for the production of dyed fabrics and yarns and novel products comprise cross-linked regenerated cellulose fibres dyed with vat or reactive dyes. Other disclosed processes involve stretching cross-linked viscose fibres during mercerization, and cross-linking crimped fibres.

Abstract: The invention relates to powdered, stably dispersible dye formulations which do not foam on application, and to a process for their preparation. In addition to containing one or more disperse dyes and an anionic dispersant or mixture of dispersants, these formulations contain 0.01 to 10% by weight, based on the final formulation, of a non-ionic reaction product of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with a low molecular polyol, said reaction product having a molecular weight in the range from 200 to 5000 and a cloud point in the range from -20.degree. to +130.degree. C. The formulations are particularly suitable for dyeing under HT conditions in half-filled dyeing machines.

Abstract: A fabric containing viscose fibres is subjected to cross-linking followed by mercerization and then generally further cross-linking. It is possible to obtain products having good dyeability soft handle and good wet and dry crease resistance.

Abstract: Laundering compositions for cleaning and softening fabrics in either cold or hot water comprising a mixture of effective amounts of a fatty acid amidopropyl dimethylamine and a fatty acid amidopropyl betaine.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a process for the unhairing and subsequent curing of hides and skins, which comprises washing flayed skins and hides to remove adhering dirt, then soaking said skins and hides and freeing them of hair and scud with a short term unhairing, reversing the swelling of said skins and hides and neutralizing them, and curing said skins and hides with salt, said skins and hides being mechanically fleshed either after washing or at some later time in the process as recited.

Abstract: The invention relates to the tanning of leather.The tanning method according to the invention, which is designed to confer on the leathers and hides biostatic properties without migration of the active agent, involves tanning the leathers and hides with non-soluble basic metallic complexes formed in situ, and on which have been fixed one or more biocidal agents.The invention finds an application in the manufacture of shoes.

Abstract: The use of 4,4'-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid) and its salts as water-soluble free radical initiators, and simultaneously or alternatively the addition of catalytic amounts of tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate as a polymerization accelerator, in the sequential polymerization and acid-catalyzed grafting of N-methylolacrylamide on cotton textiles from a single treating bath in a padding and two-stage heat curing operation, is disclosed. The cotton textiles as treated are free from discoloration and excessive tendering produced by peroxide-type initiators, and these textiles exhibit increased smooth drying performance, abrasion resistance and strength relative to textiles treated conventionally with dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea to comparable wrinkle recovery angles.