Abstract: An active-matrix display apparatus includes a pair of transparent top and bottom insulating substrates mutually attached with a predetermined gap left therebetween, and an electro-optical material such as a liquid crystal held in the gap. The bottom insulating substrate has opaque signal lines and gate lines that intersect the signal lines, a bottom-gate type thin-film transistor arranged at each intersection, and a transparent pixel electrode arranged in an aperture surrounded by the signal lines and the gate lines and connected to the corresponding thin-film transistor. The top insulating substrate is provided with an opposing electrode and a shading black mask aligned with at least the gate line. It is noted that the bottom insulating substrate is provided with a light-shielding film.

Abstract: A filament comprises a generally thin metal component, such as a sheet, ribbon, or foil. The filament comprises at least one emitter, at least one current-condensing structure and a tab on each end of the at least one emitter. Each tab is connectable to a support system, comprising for example a lead and attachment post. When a current is passed through the filament, the current-condensing structure establishes current flow through the filament resulting in a desired temperature distribution across the emitter, for example a substantially uniform temperature distribution. A predictive tool for determining a geometry of a filament to provide a desired temperature distribution is set forth. The filament may be curved, and methods and systems for providing a curved filament are also provided. Attachment systems are further disclosed for attaching an emitter to a support structure.

Abstract: A surface mount LED is installed in an incandescent lamp housing. A printed circuit board is used to support the surface mount LED. The printed circuit board has a first conductive path having one end connected to a first terminal and a second conductive path having one end connected to a second terminal. The surface mount LED is installed on the printed circuit board with the anode mounted on the first conductive path and the cathode mounted on the second conductive path. A lamp housing with electrical contacts is used to deliver power to the surface mount LED through the terminals on the printed circuit board. Variations in optical performance can be achieved by combining surface mount LEDs with non-surface mount LEDs.

Abstract: An improved process for fabricating nanotube field emitter structures is provided, in which the nanotubes protrude from a supporting base material to improve emission properties. The resulting emitter structure are useful in a variety of devices, including microwave vacuum tube devices and flat-panel, field-emission displays. To attain the protruding nanotube emitter structure, according to one embodiment of the invention, nanotubes and metal particles are mixed and consolidated into a compact, and the compact is then sectioned to expose a substantial number of nanotube ends. A layer of the metal is selectively etched from the sectioned surface, leaving the exposed nanotubes protruding from the surface. The extent of protrusion is at least twice the average diameter of the nanotubes, advantageously at least ten times the average diameter of the nanotubes.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention encompasses a field emission display device. The device comprises a base plate and a face plate which is over and spaced from the base plate. The device further comprises emitters associated with the base plate and phosphor associated with the face plate. Additionally, the device comprises a reflector associated with the base plate and having an upper reflective surface. In another aspect, the invention encompasses a method of forming a field emission display device. A base plate is provided, and a pair of spaced emitter-containing regions are provided over the base plate. A reflector is formed over the base plate and between the spaced emitter-containing regions. A face plate is provided, and a pair of spaced phosphor-containing masses are formed in association with the face plate. The face plate and base plate are joined to one another with the face plate being aligned over the base plate and spaced from the base plate.

Abstract: A flat radiator having dielectrically impeded, strip-like cathodes (12;15) and anodes (8;9a) which are arranged alternately next to one another on the wall of the discharge vessel (14) has in each case an additional anode (9b) between neighbouring cathodes (12;12,15), that is to say an anode pair (9) is arranged in each case between the cathodes (12;12,15). The cathodes (15) have nose-like extensions (28) which face the respectively neighbouring anodes (8) and are arranged more densely in a spatially increasing fashion in the direction of the edges (26,27) of the flat radiator (13). As an alternative or in addition thereto, the two anode strips (9a,9b) of each anode pair (9) are widened in the direction of the edges (26,27) of the flat radiator (13) at one end in the direction of the respective partner strip (9b or 9b). Owing to these measures, the surface luminous density of the flat radiator (13) is largely constant towards the edges (26,27,29,30) in pulsed operation.

Abstract: A contact layer having a low resistance in an LED is extended from an inside edge of a light take-out region in a light emitting dot to a central position thereof, whereby an input current in the light take-out region expands, while an electrode is extended from an inside edge of the light take-out region to the center of the light take-out region so as to shape like substantially a letter T with a length which is not over the center, whereby increase in an electrode covering ratio in the light take-out region can be suppressed. As a result, a uniform light output in the light take-out region can be attained, so that a light output can be remarkably improved.

Abstract: A light emitting phosphor having improved luminance is incorporated into an ACTFEL device which includes a phosphor layer having the formula MIIS:Cu,Ag where MII is taken from the group calcium, strontium, barium and magnesium, S is sulfur, Cu is copper, and Ag is silver.

Abstract: A field emission device by which a color image can be displayed and a method for fabricating the same are provided. The anodes to be doped with the fluorescent film of the same color are connected to each other so that the color fluorescent film can be coated on the anodes of the front surface substrate using the electrophoretic method. The anodes crossing each other are detoured by forming an insulating layer in an area in which the electrodes cross each other. It is possible to obtain a cheap and clean fluorescent film by sequentially forming the fluorescent films of the respective colors by the electrophoretic method. Packaging can be easily performed since the anodes of the front surface substrate on which the fluorescent film is formed can easily contact the external terminals of the rear surface substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cathode ray tube having an inner magnetic shield and to a method for fixing the inner magnetic shield. The inner magnetic shield is fixed to a frame supporting a shadow mask simply with fixing members. First engagement holes are provided on each side of a first flange portion of the frame, and second engagement holes are provided on each side of a second flange portion of the inner magnetic shield. Each side of the second engagement hole is provided with a folding portion. The fixing member is inserted so as to put into the first engagement hole and the second engagement hole facing the first engagement hole from the side of the inner magnetic shield.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing an electroluminescence device, which comprises steps of making a surface of a crystal silicon substrate porous to form a porous silicon film, forming a first electroconductive film on the porous silicon film, forming an electroluminescence film on the first electroconductive film, forming a second electroconductive film on the electroluminescence film, peeling a laminate of the first electroconductive film, electroluminescence film, and second electroconductive film from the crystal silicon substrate, and mounting the laminate on a first base material.

Abstract: A corner spring for color CRT includes a first arm where a coupling hole is formed to mate with a stud pin inside the panel, a second arm coupled with an outer face of the frame for supporting the shadow mask, and a welding portion where the first and second arms are welded to each other. The length(L) of movable piece that is from the welding portion to bent portion of the first arm, is represented as 1.08S≦L≦1.75S to the distance (S) from a center of spring hole in a stud pin coupling portion of the first arm to a frame contacting portion of the second arm. The distance (H) between a central axis of the welding portion and the frame welding portion of the second arm is expressed as H≦0.668S.

Abstract: The invention provides an organic EL device comprising a hole injecting electrode, a negative electrode, at least one organic layer between the electrodes, the organic layer including a light emitting layer having a light emitting function, and a hole injecting and transporting layer containing a hole transporting organic material and an inorganic insulative hole injecting and transporting layer formed of an inorganic material between the hole injecting electrode and the light emitting layer. The inorganic insulative hole injecting and transporting layer contains silicon oxide and/or germanium oxide as a main component, the main component having an average composition represented by the formula: (Si1−xGex)Oy wherein 0≦x≦1 and 1<y≦2. This construction enables an organic EL device having better performance than prior art devices having hole injecting and transporting layers using organic materials, a long life, weather resistance, high stability, high efficiency, and low cost.

Abstract: The invention provides an organic EL device comprising a substrate, a hole injecting electrode and a negative electrode formed on the substrate, an organic layer containing an organic material between the electrodes, the organic layer including a light emitting layer having at least a light emitting function, and an electron injecting and transporting layer containing an electron transporting organic material and an inorganic insulative electron injecting and transporting layer formed of an inorganic material between the negative electrode and the light emitting layer. The inorganic insulative electron injecting and transporting layer contains at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of lithium oxide, rubidium oxide, potassium oxide, sodium oxide, cesium oxide, strontium oxide, magnesium oxide, and calcium oxide as a main component, and silicon oxide, germanium oxide or a mixture of silicon oxide and germanium oxide as a stabilizer.

Abstract: Disclosed are a process for preparing a phosphor pattern of the present invention comprises the steps of: (I) forming a phosphor-containing photosensitive resin composition layer (A) on a substrate having unevenness, (II) irradiating a scattered light to the layer (A) imagewisely, (III) developing the layer (A) by removing the portion to which the scattered light is imagewisely irradiated to form a pattern, and (IV) calcinating the formed pattern to remove an unnecessary portion from the pattern formed in the step (III) to form a phosphor pattern, a phosphor pattern produced by the above process and a back plate for the plasma display panel provided with the phosphor pattern on a substrate for a plasma display panel.

Abstract: To close off tubular ends (6a, 6b) of a metal-halide discharge vessel, a plug (11) having at least four, and preferably six or more, axially arranged layers or strata (11a-11d; 21a-21f) of a cermet, in which the metal content of the cermet of the respective layers or strata increases from the layer or stratum closest to the discharge space of the vessel to the outside. The innermost layer or stratum is directly sintered to the ceramic discharge vessel, typically of aluminum oxide, whereas the outermost layer or stratum has a metal content of such an extent that it can be welded, and is welded, to a metallic or cermet lead-through or feed-through (9, 20, 30, 35) leading through a central opening in the respective layers or strata of the plug. The outermost layer of the plug, preferably, has at least 50%, by volume, of metal, preferably of the same material as that of the lead-through in the cermet, and may even be made entirely of metal, to ensure a tight, easily made weld connection.

Abstract: A mount assembly for supporting the arc tube of a lamp within an outer envelope has first and second axially aligned banding straps. Each of the straps has a closed crimp section and an open crimp section. The straps are positioned so that an open crimp section of one strap overlies a closed crimp section of the other strap, thereby equalizing tensions when the crimps are closed. The mount assembly includes also a mount frame comprised of two elongated rods which are affixed to the banding straps. The straps are mounted upon the glass stem of the lamp.

Abstract: An organic EL device includes a substrate (21), a hole infecting electrode (22), an electron injecting electrode (25), and organic layers (23, 24) disposed between the electrodes. The hole injecting electrode (22) is an ITO electrode having (111) orientation. Due to improved film formation, close contact and physical properties at the interface between the hole injecting electrode and the organic layer, the device has a long lifetime, high luminance, high efficacy, and quality display and prevents the occurrence of current leakage and dark spots.

Abstract: At least at one end of a discharge lamp, for example a metal-halide discharge lamp or a sodium high-pressure discharge lamp, which has a ceramic discharge vessel (4), a feed-through (9, 10; 30) is provided which includes a cermet. The cermet may be in pin or capillary tube form, and has a metal content which is so high that it can be welded like a metal. The cermet can be directly sintered into an end plug (26) or into an end portion (34a, 34b) of the vessel itself. The seal thus is effected by a sealing arrangement (11, 21, 34a, 34b, 31) devoid of glass melt, which would be degraded by attack of corrosive fills within the lamp, while additionally having the capability of withstanding higher operating temperatures.

Abstract: A method for forming an emitter tip for use in a field emission device. An emitter layer is provided over a substrate. The emitter layer is overlaid with a blanket dielectric which is in turn overlaid by a masking layer. In a first etching operation, a masking island and an underlying dielectric island are formed from the masking layer and the blanket dielectric, respectively. These islands serve as a masking structure during subsequent etching processes by which an emitter tip is formed from the emitter layer. Accordingly, a second etching operation is conducted, whereby an etch chemistry which exhibits both isotropic and anisotropic characteristics is used to remove a portion of the emitter layer by undercutting beneath the masking structure. A third etching operation is conducted, wherein the etch chemistry is substantially more anisotropic than the etch chemistry of the second etching operation.