Abstract: The invention relates to a detergent composition in powder or bar form containing a surfactant, an alkali metal carbonate and a low level (1 to 5%) of orthophosphate, other phosphates being maintained at a level below 5%. A peroxygen bleach and other conventional additives are optionally present. The compositions are suitable for washing fabrics in developing countries and are suitable as low cost products elsewhere.

Abstract: The invention relates to a detergent composition in powder or bar form containing a surfactant, an alkali metal carbonate and a low level (1 to 12%) of pyrophosphate, other phosphates being maintained at a level below 5%. A peroxygen bleach and other conventional additives are optionally present. The compositions are suitable for washing fabrics in developing countries and are suitable for low cost products elsewhere.

Abstract: In a central system fluid composition comprising (1) 70 to 95% by weight of a hydrocarbon base oil and (2) 5 to 30% by weight of a viscosity index improver, the improvement wherein said hydrocarbon base oil (1) comprises (a) 25% by weight to less than 50% by weight, based on the weight of the hydrocarbon base oil (1), of an oligomer of 1-decene having an average molecular weight of 200 to 600 and (b) more than 50% by weight to 75% by weight of a petroleum lubricating oil fraction, and said viscosity index improver (2) is a polymethacrylate having a viscosity average molecular weight of 10,000 to 700,000 obtained by polymerizing at least one ester of a saturated monohydric aliphatic alcohol having 1 to 18 carbon atoms with methacrylic acid.

Abstract: By inclusion of an alkali metal soap and an alkanolamine in a liquid detergent composition which contains a mixture of sodium tripolyphosphate and tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, a stable liquid, both at 0.degree. C. and at 52.degree. C. is obtained, in the presence of a hydrotrope. This system can also incorporate hydrogen peroxide, without any detrimental effect on its chemical or physical stability.

Abstract: The invention concerns an aqueous shampoo comprising an alkyl sulphate or alkyl ether sulphate detergent, a cationic derivative of a polygalactomannan gum as a hair conditioning agent and, for enhancing the deposition of the conditioning agent onto the hair during shampooing, a defined carboxylate, sulphate or phosphate ester anionic additive.

Abstract: A dielectric fluid composition with high electrical strength characterized by a first fluid selected from the group consisting of electronegative gases, such as SF.sub.6, CCl.sub.2 F.sub.2, C.sub.2 F.sub.6, CF.sub.3 Cl, and CF.sub.4, and mixtures thereof; or from another group consisting of electropositive gases, such as N.sub.2 and CO.sub.2, and mixtures thereof; or from mixtures of the two groups; and a second fluid from a group of atomized liquids, which may be chlorinated liquid, such as, C.sub.2 Cl.sub.4 (tetrachloroethylene); and fluorocarbon liquids, such as, C.sub.8 F.sub.16 O (perfluorodibutyl ether), and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: This disclosure deals with removing rapidly chlorine retained by the skin and hair of, for example, swimmers, after exposure to chlorinated water by means of a stoichiometric excess of a suitable reducing agent, such as an alkali thiosulfate and the like in aqueous solution, and with toilet soaps and shampoos comprising said agent adapted to effect said removal.

Abstract: Gelation and setting of desirably miscible and pumpable crutcher slurries comprising sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium silicate in an aqueous medium are retarded and often prevented by the addition to such medium of a citric material, such as citric acid and/or water soluble citrate, and magnesium sulfate. Alternatively, magnesium citrate may be employed. The addition of the citric material and magnesium sulfate (or magnesium citrate) lengthens appreciably the workable crutcher time before setting, increasing it over such working time for similar crutcher mixes containing the citric material but not containing magnesium sulfate.

Abstract: Detergent compositions having good cleaning performance and also textile softening properties comprise an organic surfactant, alkaline reacting water-soluble salts and a specified class of tertiary amines. Optionally and preferably a smectite-type clay is also present in the compositions.The present invention relates to detergent compositions which clean well and at the same time act as textile softeners.

Abstract: A dielectric composition comprising a mixture of monoisopropylated diphenyls and polyisopropylated diphenyls, especially a mixture of 30 to 60 parts by weight of monoisopropylated diphenyls and 70 to 40 parts by weight of polyisopropylated diphenyls, the polyisopropylated diphenyls preferably being made up in turn of 60 to 85 parts by weight of diisopropylated diphenyls, 10 to 35 parts by weight of triisopropylated diphenyls and 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of tetraisopropylated diphenyls, these latter amounts being based upon the total amount of the polyisopropylated diphenyls.

Abstract: Electrical devices such as transformers and power capacitors are improved by the use of a dielectric fluid prepared by combining perchloroethylene having a low chlorinated ethane content with an antioxidant. This fluid has excellent resistance to decomposition over long periods of time and under severe operational conditions.

Abstract: Tertiary, cyclic, bridgehead amines are disclosed as useful corrosion inhibitors for metals in contact with aqueous alkaline liquids. The disclosed amines have been found to be strongly resistant to thermal decomposition, to chemical attack, and to nitrosation. The use of these corrosion inhibitors is particularly desirable in aqueous alcohol compositions useful as a heat exchange liquid in the cooling systems of an internal combustion engine wherein said aqueous solutions are ethylene glycol-based compositions. The disclosed amines are useful under alkaline conditions alone or in combination with conventional corrosion inhibitors such as water-soluble metal salts of tolyltriazole and phosphoric acid, alkali metal nitrites and nitrates, and alkali metal phosphates.

Abstract: An activated peroxy compound bleaching composition includes a peroxy bleaching compound, such as sodium perborate, and an activator for such bleaching compound, which improves the bleaching effect thereof, which activator is a sulfonyl halide, such as an alkoxybenzenesulfonyl halide, preferably an ortho- or para-substituted methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride, such as p-methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride. Preferably, the peroxy bleaching compound and activator are included in a synthetic organic detergent composition such as one based on anionic and/or nonionic normally solid detergent(s), preferably also with builder salt(s) present, and bleaching is effected during the washing of fabrics or articles made thereof, in wash waters of various temperatures, even in water which is only warm. The bleaching compound and activator may also be included in pre-soak compositions.

Abstract: Described is a process for augmenting or enhancing the aroma of a solid or liquid anionic, cationic, or nonionic detergent comprising the step of intimately admixing with a solid or liquid anionic, cationic or nonionic detergent base an aroma augmenting or enhancing quantity of at least one indane alkanol or tricyclic isochroman having the structure ##STR1## wherein X is hydrogen, methyl or --CH.sub.2 --; the dashed line is either a carbon-carbon single bond or no bond; R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl; R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 represent hydrogen, methyl or isopropyl; with the proviso that R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are methyl when R.sub.4 is hydrogen and R.sub.5 is isopropyl or R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 represent methyl when R.sub.2 is hydrogen and R.sub.3 is isopropyl; and with the further proviso that the dashed line is a carbon-carbon single bond when X is --CH.sub.2 -- and the dashed line is no bond when X is hydrogen or CH.sub.3.

Abstract: A detergent additive product intended to enhance removal of oxidizable and oily stains from textiles comprising a substantially water impermeable container enclosing an organic matrix consisting of 30-85% by weight of a normally solid water soluble ethoxylated nonionic compound and 15-70% by weight of an organic peroxybleach precursor, optionally with 1-75% by weight of the matrix of other water soluble detergent components especially cationic surfactants, organic chelating agents and soil suspending agents. The particulate product has a maximum dimension in the range 1-4 mm, a penetrometer indentation of less than 1 mm, a wicking value (resistance to nonionic bleeding) <10 and should disperse in aqueous inorganic persalt-containing detergent solution to release at least 50% of the theoretically available bleach within 8 minutes. In a preferred granular form, the product is coated with 1-30%, by weight of the matrix, of a powder coating which may be organic or inorganic.

Abstract: Anhydrous sodium metasilicate is stabilized against attrition or "dusting" in detergent and other use, by formulating same with such amount of an additive, e.g., a hydrate, that will transfer water content to the anhydrous metasilicate, at a temperature less than the fusion temperature of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate and as will convert from about 1% to 20% by weight of said anhydrous metasilicate into its pentahydrate form.

Abstract: A pouch for the controlled release of active ingredients into an aqueous medium comprising liquid or solid active ingredients enclosed in a sealed envelope of cold water-insoluble polyvinyl alcohol.

Abstract: A lightweight mixed dielectric and a manufacturing method thereof is described, which is prepared by mixing metal-coated expanded particles of plastic, glass or silica, thin-wall metal pipes or metal coated thin-wall plastic pipes and uncoated expanded particles of plastic, glass or silica and then forming the resulting mixture into a desired shape by thermal expansion or by the use of binder with the provision that these uncoated expanded particles are only made of plastic when the forming step is carried out by thermal expansion.

Abstract: Homogeneous aqueous enzyme-containing liquid detergent compositions containing substantial levels of saturated fatty acids, minute amounts of enzyme-accessible calcium, and additive levels of selected short chain carboxylic acids are disclosed. These compositions exhibit a broad range of stability benefits with respect to the activity of the individual ingredients as well as in respect to homegeneity.

Abstract: Described is a process for augmenting or enhancing the aroma of a solid or liquid anionic, cationic or nonionic detergent comprising the step of adding in an aroma augmenting or enhancing quantity to a solid or liquid anionic, cationic or nonionic detergent base at least one tricyclic ketone having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different and each represents hydrogen or C.sub.1 --C.sub.3 lower alkyl.