Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a display panel formed by arranging in juxtaposition a face plate carrying thereon a phosphor and a rear plate carrying thereon electron-emitting devices within a housing. The phosphor is so arranged as to be irradiated with electrons emitted from the electron-emitting devices to display images. The image display apparatus further includes an air blower for causing air to flow between the display panel and the housing.

Abstract: A Focusing electrode in an electron gun for a color cathode ray tube provides a higher degree of freedom in electron gun design and reduces errors during assembly of the electron gun. A first focusing electrode that receives a constant voltage has vertically elongated electron beam pass-through holes formed in it. A second focusing electrode that receives a dynamic voltage has electron beam pass-through holes that include a pair of burring parts formed on their upper and lower edges. The burring parts are disposed in each of the vertically elongated electron beam pass-through holes in the first focusing electrode without changing a horizontal diameter of the electron beam pass-through holes in the first focusing electrode.

Abstract: A mercury-free ultraviolet (UV) discharge source includes an elongated envelope having a diameter in a preferred range from approximately 2 to 3 cm, containing a rare gas fill (xenon or krypton, including mixtures of these with other rare gases) at a pressure in a range from approximately 10 millitorr to approximately 200 millitorr and a power supply for ionizing the rare gas fill and generating a discharge current in a range from approximately 100 to approximately 500 milliamperes (mA). The UV discharge source has an efficiency and output comparable to existing mercury-based low-pressure discharge sources and is intended for use with a suitable phosphor capable of converting the UV radiation to visible light in a fluorescent lamp.

Abstract: An electron gun is provided, in which a capacitance between a cathode and other electrodes, especially a control electrode is reduced largely without substantially changing a structure for supporting the cathode with an insulator. The cathode of this electron gun is disposed inside of the cylindrical metal shell. The cathode and the cylindrical metal shell are connected by three metal tabs. The cylindrical metal shell fits into a hole formed in the center portion of the insulator, and a metal outer frame is attached to the periphery of the insulator. The metal outer frame is welded to the inner surface of a cathode metal support. There is a control electrode facing the electron emitting surface of the cathode at a predetermined distance. Plural electrodes including an accelerating electrode are disposed in turn beyond the control electrode.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a field emission display (FED) with improved junction leakage characteristics is provided. The method includes the formation of a light blocking element between a cathodoluminescent display screen of the FED and semiconductor junctions formed on a baseplate of the FED. The light blocking element protects the junctions from light formed at the display screen and light generated in the environment striking the junctions. Electrical characteristics of the junctions thus remain constant and junction leakage is improved. The light blocking element may be formed as an opaque light absorbing or light reflecting layer. In addition, the light blocking element may be patterned to protect predetermined areas of the baseplate and may provide other circuit functions such as an interconnect layer.

Abstract: An electron beam generator includes: an electron emitting cathode (1); an anode (3) with an anode bore (4) for the passage of an electron beam (6); a Wehnelt electrode (2) between the cathode (1) and the anode (3) for controlling the electron beam; the cathode (1); the anode (3) and the Wehnelt electrode (2) disposed within a vacuum chamber (100); and a magnetic unit (7) disposed between the cathode (1) and the anode (3) for generating a static transverse magnetic field causing the electrons to be deflected along a curved path until the electrons enter the anode (3) such that ions follow an ionic path back to strike the Wehnelt electrode (2) and are kept from striking the cathode (1) by displacement caused by the ionic path. The present invention reduces the number of ions that impact the cathode and reduces the number of ions that are formed by the ionization of residual molecules, increasing the service life of the cathode.

Abstract: A photomultiplier includes a photocathode (3); an electron multiplier section (60) for cascade-multiplying photoelectrons emitted from the photocathode (3); a faceplate (2) provided with the photocathode (3); a metal housing (1) accommodating the photocathode (3) and the electron multiplier section (60); and a structure disposed on the faceplate (2) for increasing the effective light entrance region of the faceplate (2). In a preferred embodiment the subject structure includes a lens element (30) attached to the faceplate for increasing the effective light entrance region of the faceplate (2). In order to improve the optical coupling efficiency, either the faceplate (2), or the lens element (30), or both the faceplate (2) and the lens element (30) may further include a protrusion.

Abstract: An electron gun of a multi-stage convergence type includes a plurality of focusing electrodes, wherein a quadrupole lens nearest to a cathode has a diverging function in the horizontal scanning direction and a converging function in the vertical scanning direction, and a quadrupole lens in the next stage has a converging function in the horizontal scanning direction and a diverging function in the vertical scanning direction. In this structure, even when a voltage synchronized with a deflection current is superposed on a constant focus voltage, applied to the focusing electrode, the operation of the quadrupole lenses is not influenced significantly.

Abstract: An electron source having a cathode and a permanent magnet perforated by a plurality of channels extending between opposite poles thereof. The magnet generates, in each channel, a magnetic field which forms electrons received from the cathode into an electron beam for guidance towards a target. An electrode grid is disposed between the cathode and the magnet for controlling flow of electrons from the cathode into each channel. A magnetic field null region of each magnetic field is positioned at a location remote from the electrode grid. Because the null region is positioned remotely from the grid electrodes, flow of electrons can be improved without increasing electrode drive voltage.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube includes an in-line electron gun. The electron gun includes at least a tubular part which is composed of two (or more) folded portions which are secured to each other.

Abstract: A deflection yoke which is capable of sufficiently reducing a high order raster distortion (gullwing) at the upper and lower edges of the screen without damaging coil wires of the screen side flange portion (5) at the time of winding the horizontal deflection coil (1). A deflection yoke is formed with a saddle shaped horizontal deflection coil (1), a saddle shaped vertical deflection coil (2) located outside the horizontal deflection coil (1), and a ferrite core (3) located outside the vertical deflection coil (2). The screen side cone portion (1a) of the horizontal deflection coil (1) is wound with a winding angle range from 1.degree. to 80.degree. with a higher winding distribution in the range from 18.degree. to 30.degree. with the horizontal axis as the standard. The head point in the direction of the screen side tube axis of the screen side cone portion (1a) of the horizontal deflection coil (1) is located 30 mm away from the screen side tip portion of the ferrite core (3).

Abstract: The invention concerns an electrical incandescent lamp with a low-beam cap, articularly a two-filament halogen incandescent lamp and a production process for such a lamp, as well as a low-beam cap. Low-beam screening cap (12) has an opening (14), through which one end (6a) of low-beam filament (6) is threaded. This filament end (6a) is welded to the back side of low-beam screening cap (12) or to a current lead wire (8a), which is attached by a projection welding to the back side of low-beam screening cap (12). The fastening of low-beam filament (6) according to the invention makes possible materials savings in the case of a low-beam screening cap (12) and lower cost lamp manufacture.

Abstract: A storage ring system and method for high-yield nuclear production of neutrons, isotopes and photons, include a particle supply for generating a beam of projectile or reaction particles, a closed storage ring for containing and recycling the projectile particles, an electron cooling system for stabilizing the projectile particles, and a target for initiating nuclear reactions with the projectile particles so as to generate the desired end-products, with improved efficiency and safety. The invention also provides a plurality of dipoles and/or trim magnets selectively situated around the ring to guide the projectile particles as they circulate within the system. Substantially trapped in the closed storage ring, the particle beam is recirculated inside the storage ring for repeated exposure to the target, until the particles either favorably react with the target or are lost through scattering.

Abstract: An electron gun includes a field emission cold cathode (1) having a first electric potential, a primary gate electrode (2) having a first opening around the top of the cathode (1) and having a second electric potential which is higher than the first electric potential for causing an electron emission from the top of the cathode (1), and a second gate electrode (3) having a second opening around the top of the cathode (1) and having a third electric potential which is higher than the first electric potential and lower than the second electric potential, wherein a first voltage defined as a difference between the first and the second electric potentials varies in proportion to a second voltage defined as a difference between the first and the third electric potentials so as to provide a current-voltage characteristic having an apparent gamma-property. The apparent gamma-property is such that the luminous output of a fluorescent substance (7) of an anode (8) is directly proportional to a signal voltage.

Abstract: An electron-emitting device comprises an electroconductive film including an electron-emitting region disposed between a pair of electrodes arranged on a substrate. The electron-emitting region is formed close to the step portion formed by one of the electrodes and the substrate.

Abstract: A microelectronic field emission device includes a core layer (16) having at least one outward protuberance on a top surface of the core layer, and an emitter layer (15) formed on the core layer to cover at least a top portion of the outward protuberance, the material of the core layer having a larger electrical resistance than the material of the emitter layer, wherein the top portion of the outward protuberance culminates to a tip and a portion of the emitter layer (15) formed on the protuberance culminates to a tip. The microelectronic device may further include a substrate (19), a conductive layer (17), an anode electrode (53) including a phosphor layer, and a gate electrode (21) having an opening thereby exposing the tip of the emitter layer.

Abstract: A light-bulb-shaped fluorescent lamp accommodates in an outer housing that includes a transparent globe and a case, a bent fluorescent tube that has a pair of electrodes at both ends and contains an amalgam and a rare gas, and an electronic lighting circuit lighting the fluorescent tube. A light-bulb-shaped fluorescent lamp which has high conformity to regular light bulbs and realizes the same brightness as a regular 60 W light bulb while consuming less power than a conventional light-bulb-shaped fluorescent lamp is provided by setting the external diameter of the globe in the range of 55-65 mm, the total length of the globe in the range of 65-80 mm, the internal diameter of the fluorescent tube in the range of 7-11 mm, and the distance between the electrodes in the range of 200-280 mm.

Abstract: A display has a matrix array of cells formed in a silicon plate and each containing a tungsten strip filament. The cells are filled with a halogen gas and are sealed by a double-glazed window with an infra-red reflecting filter to reflect heat back into the cell while allowing the transmission of visible radiation. The rear of the plate is treated to make it microporous and reduce its thermal conductivity.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube (CRT) has a getter attachment wand with a trough-shape along a substantial portion of its length, imparting an increased stiffness to the wand to maintain the wand in close proximity to the inside surface of the CRT envelope, thereby avoiding clipping of the electron beam on its way to the screen. An optimal curvature of the wand strikes a balance between the desired stiffness and the ease with which the wand can be resistance welded to the top cup of the electron gun assembly.

Abstract: An AC plasma display panel includes a plurality of opaque scanning electrodes (3b, 3c) and maintaining electrodes (4b, 4c) which are parallel to each other, formed on a first glass substrate (1) at the display side of the display, a plurality of ribs (9) formed on a second glass substrate (7) and arranged orthogonally to the scanning and maintaining electrodes, a data electrode (8) formed on the second glass substrate (7), positioned between the ribs and arranged parallel to the ribs (9), wherein a discharge cell (2) is defined by dividing the space between two ribs (9) and includes at least two of the scanning electrodes (3b, 3c) and at least two of the maintaining electrodes (4b, 4c). The maintaining discharge is generated between the two scanning electrodes (3b, 3c) and the two maintaining electrodes (4b, 4c). Consequently, a discharge region can be widened without decreasing the opening ratio, and an AC plasma display panel with high brightness and high efficiency can be obtained.