Abstract: Disclosed are an amorphous aluminosilicate wherein the total volume of the pores having a diameter of from 10.sup.3 angstroms to 10.sup.5 angstroms as measured by the mercury penetration method accounts for at least 60% of the total volume of all the pores detected by the mercury penetration method, and the total volume of the pores having a diameter of from 20 angstroms to 120 angstroms as measured by the nitrogen adsorption method is 0.01 cc/g or larger, and a process for producing the amorphous aluminosilicate.

Abstract: The invention concerns the use of a catalyst for the dismutation of alkylaromatic hydrocarbons, preferably for the dismutation of toluene to produce benzene and xylenes, and/or for the transalkylation of alkylaromatic hydrocarbons, preferably for the transalkylation of toluene and trimethylbenzenes to produce xylenes. The catalyst is a composite comprising at least one zeolite with structure type mazzite, at least partially in its acid form, at least one zeolite with structure type mordenite, at least partially in its acid form, at least one matrix and, optionally, at least one element selected from the group formed by groups IB and VIII of the periodic classification of the elements.

Abstract: Extraction of minerals from papermaking sludge or sludge-derived ash is accomplished by mixing with a solution of an inorganic or organic acid--generally 0.1% to 35% by weight, preferably 2% to 20%, and most preferably 3% to 8% by weight. In preferred embodiments, the material is carried as an aqueous solution and combined with 2% to 20%, and most preferably 3% to 6%, HCl; 2% to 25%, and most preferably 8%, HNO.sub.3 ; 2% to 30%, and most preferably 8%, acetic acid. Generally, the amount of acid added into the reaction mixture preferably is 0.8 to 2.0 times the stoichiometric calcium carbonate content in the mixture, more preferably 0.8 to 1.2 times the stoichiometric content, and most preferably matched to the stoichiometric content of calcium carbonate in the mixture. The acid-containing mixture is incubated (with agitation, if desired, to shorten the reaction time) to solubilize the desired minerals, following which the liquid phase is isolated, and mineral salts recovered therefrom.

Abstract: Homogeneous catalytic regenerative heat transfer packing material is made by impregnating ceramic packing material with a solution of a catalyst precursor and then fixing the precursor into catalyst form. The catalyzed packing material is suitable for use in a process for the regenerative catalytic oxidation of waste gases, in particular, gases that include volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A powder composition of ceric oxide and a stabilizing non-noble metal oxide, such as zirconium oxide, mixed at the atomic level in complete solid solution. The powder is used to form washcoats for catalytic converters. The composition has high oxygen storage capacity and maintains an ultrafine crystallite size at high temperatures. The powder is formed by a spray pyrolysis process that includes atomizing a clear solution of cerium ions and ions of the non-noble metal into a fine mist that is passed rapidly through a furnace to form powder particles.

Abstract: Processes for washing zeolites, preferably less than about 0.5 micron in size, with a microfiltration system employing a washing liquid, such as an aqueous solution or water (preferably deionized water), to produce zeolite crystals having a zeolite pH in the pH range of 9.4 to 10.0 are provided. The zeolite pH is determined by a special procedure. The preferred washing processes include slurring the zeolite crystals with water (or an appropriate wash solution), initially concentrating the slurry with a microfilter to a preselected initial concentration, washing the crystals by adding make-up water at the same rate as the fluid loss due to permeate flow until the permeate pH is below a preselected value, then stopping the make-up flow and concentrating the slurry to a preselected maximum final concentration. A sample of the zeolite is dried and tested for its pH and if within the desired range, the batch of maximally concentrated slurry is dried.

Abstract: A catalyst useful in purifying exhaust gases is disclosed which includes: (a) a carrier including a composite of SiO.sub.2, .gamma.-alumina and an alkali earth metal oxide selected from the group consisting of MgO and BaO; (b) an oxygen absorbing material; and (c) at least one noble metal.

Abstract: Carboxylic acid salts are prepared by the dehydrogenation of a primary alcohol in the presence of a catalyst comprising a finely divided anchor metal partially embedded on a support and having at least some of the nonembedded surface coated with an electroless plating of a catalytically active metal. The anchor metal is selected from a group consisting of osmium, iridium, rhodium and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The catalytic activity of a titanium-containing heterogeneous catalyst such as titania-on-silica which has been used to catalyze olefin epoxidation is effectively restored by washing the catalyst with water, alcohol, ether, nitrile, ester, aromatic hydrocarbon, or ketone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a diamond-carbon material, containing carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and incombustible impurities of a composition specified in the disclosure, and the surface contains methyl, carboxyl, lactone, aldehyde, ether and quinone groups.The material of the present invention is produced by detonating an oxygen-deficient explosive in a closed volume in a medium inert towards carbon, at a cooling rate of the detonation products of 200 to 6000 degree/min.

Abstract: A method of encapsulating a material in a carbon nanotube comprising generating a vapor of the material to be encapsulated, generating a hydrogen arc discharge that discharges encapsulating products, and contacting the vapor of the material and the products discharged from the hydrogen arc discharge proximate a surface to encapsulate the material in a carbon nanotube. A carbon nanotube encapsulating a metallic material (e.g. copper), a semi-conductor material (e.g. germanium) and other materials can be produced.

Abstract: Zeolites exchanged with lithium ions and, optionally, with polyvalent cations are prepared by ion-exchanging a sodium-containing zeolite, a potassium-containing zeolite or a sodium- and potassium-containing zeolite with ammonium ions, thereby replacing the sodium and/or potassium ions with ammonium ions, and then reacting the ammonium ion-exchanged zeolite with a water-soluble lithium compound under conditions which result in the removal of ammonia from the reaction zone. Polyvalent ions, which may be present in the zeolite undergoing ion-exchange, will not be substantially replaced by the ammonium or lithium ions.

Abstract: A process of regenerating a sulfided sorbent is provided. According to the process of the invention, a substantial portion of the energy necessary to initiate the regeneration reaction is provided by the combustion of a particulate metal sulfide additive. In using the particulate metal sulfide additive, the oxygen-containing gas used to regenerate the sulfided sorbent can be fed to the regeneration zone without heating or at a lower temperature than used in conventional processes wherein the regeneration reaction is initiated only by heating the oxygen-containing. The particulate metal sulfide additive is preferably an inexpensive mineral ore such as iron pyrite which does not adversely affect the regeneration or corresponding desulfurization reactions. The invention further includes a sorbent composition comprising the particulate metal sulfide additive in admixture with an active metal oxide sorbent capable of removing one or more sulfur compounds from a sulfur-containing gas stream.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a hydrofining catalyst. The catalyst has the following composition based on the total weight of the entire catalyst composition: 1-5%(wt.) nickel oxide, 12-35% (wt.) tungsten oxide, 1-9% (wt.) fluorine, and the balancing amount of composite alumina. Said composite alumina is composed of one or several kinds of micropore alumina and one or several kinds of macropore alumina, wherein the weight ratio of micropore alumina to macropore alumina is 75:25 to 50:50. The term "micropore alumina" in the context means the alumina in which the volume of the proe of diameter less than 80 angstrom occupies more than 95% of its total pore volume, while the term "macropore alumina" in the contest means the alumina in which the volume of the pore of diameter 60-600 angstrom occupies more than 70% of its total pore volume. The pore distribution mentioned above is determined by BET method of nitrogen adsorption at low temperature.

Abstract: Olefin polymerisation catalyst on a porous inorganic support comprising (i) 99.5 to 83.3 parts by weight of SiO.sub.2, (ii) 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of Titanium and 0.85 to 1.15 parts by weight of chromium, this catalyst having a pore volume of 0.9 to 1.15 cc/g, a surface area of 440 to 540 m.sup.2 /g and a mean pore diameter of between 70 and 100 Angstroms.

Abstract: A collapsed composition is described which is substantially composed of microcrystallites collectively of the formula:M.sub.2m.sup.2+ Al.sub.2-p M.sub.p.sup.3+ T.sub.r O.sub.7+r.multidot.swhere M.sup.2+ is a divalent metal, M.sup.3+ is a trivalent metal, and T is vanadium, tungsten, or molybdenum.

Abstract: A catalyst for purifying exhaust gases includes a porous support, at least one catalyst ingredient selected from Pt and Pd, and additional ingredients including (1) at least two rare-earth elements including La, (2) at least one rare-earth element including La and at least one transition element selected from Fe, Ni, Co and Mn, (3) at least two alkali metals, (4) at least one alkali metal and at least one rare-earth element including La, (5) at least one alkali metal and at least one transition element selected from Fe, Ni, Co and Mn, (6) at least two alkaline-earth metals, (7) at least one alkaline-earth metal and at least one rare-earth element including La, or (8) Ba, Li, La, Ce and Zr. A process for purifying an exhaust gas, by contacting the catalyst with an exhaust gas, is also provided.

Abstract: A catalyst for converting methanol to light olefins along with the process itself are disclosed and claimed. The catalyst is a metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieve having the empirical formula (EL.sub.x Al.sub.y P.sub.z)O.sub.2 where EL is a metal such as silicon or magnesium and x, y and z are the mole fractions of EL, Al and P respectively. The molecular sieve has a crystal morphology in which the average smallest crystal dimension is at least 0.1 microns. Use of this catalyst gives a product with a larger amount of ethylene versus propylene.

Abstract: A closed loop process for producing electronic grade polycrystalline silicon from silane and fume silica from silicon tetrachloride comprises the steps of:(a) subjecting impure silicon to hydrochlorination with hydrogen chloride to produce trichlorosilane and silicon tetrachloride together with minor amounts of dichlorosilane and monochlorosilane;(b) converting the trichlorosilane to silicon tetrachloride and silane;(c) converting the silane to polycrystalline silicon and hydrogen;(d) reacting the silicon tetrachloride from steps (a) and (b) with hydrogen and oxygen to produce fume silica and hydrogen chloride, and(e) recycling the hydrogen chloride from step (d) for use in step (a).

Abstract: A method comprising of continuously injecting an aqueous solution of nickel salt, an aqueous solution of aluminium salt, an alkali aqueous solution and ammonia into a reactor under constant temperature, mixing the above solution and continuously withdrawing, can prepare Ni-Al hydroxycarbonate having a high density and a globular shape.