Abstract: The present invention provides a process for carrying out an analytical determination by mixing and incubating a sample solution with at least one reagent and measuring a parameter in the reaction mixture, the sample solution being transported from an application point to a measurement point, wherein a sample solution is first transported to a soluble dry reagent, with at least partial dissolving of the latter, and then further transported to a measurement point, the transport taking place by two different forces, whereby, at least on a part of the transport path, it is brought about by a surface force acting on the solution as a first force, which, for the regulation of the transport velocity or transport direction, is superimposed by a centrifugal force and/or pressure force as a second force which, depending upon which transport state of the fluid is to be adjusted, is made greater or smaller than the first force.

Abstract: The concentration of a gas such as hydrogen sulfide in a liquid such as crude oil or other hydrocarbon liquid is measured by conducting a flowstream of the liquid through a jet or eductor type pump for mixing a recirculating vapor stream with the liquid, separating the liquid and the vapor stream in a separator to provide equilibrium conditions between the vapor and the liquid and withdrawing the vapor flowstream for recirculation and remixing with the liquid flowstream while measuring the concentration of the gas in the vapor flowstream. A known flow rate of the gas is added to the combined liquid and recirculating vapor flowstream and the incremental change in concentration of the gas in the recirculating vapor flowstream is measured to determine the concentration of the gas in the liquid flowstream initially.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device for rinsing out a substance present in a zone (d) with a liquid rinsing agent in several rinsing steps and for transferring the rinsing agent emerging from the zone (d) in the last rinsing step to a cuvette (K), wherein the zone (d) is present on a rotor (R) of variable speed of rotation, radially inwardly of the zone (d) on the rotor (R) there is provided a pump chamber (PK) for the rinsing agent which is connected with the zone (d) via a valve chamber (VK2) which fills, under the action of centrifugal force, above a predetermined speed of rotation, from the pump chamber (PK) and empties below the predetermined speed of rotation into the zone (d) and the zone (d) is connected with the cuvette (K) via a pipe (4) which, in one section, the axis of which has a component directed radially outwardly, is directed into a waste chamber (AK).

Abstract: This invention provides a system for simultaneously scrubbing acidic exhaust gases and removing alkali and alkaline earth metal salts from waste dust from a cement plant or the like thereby producing useful products from what would otherwise be wasted. In essence the two wastes are combined in water and the resulting solution and precipitate separated in a tank. The solution is useful both to cool incoming waste gas and as a fertilizer, while the precipitate is suitable as kiln feed stock.

Abstract: A diffusion sampler includes a vessel which has at least one inlet opening exposed to the gas to be investigated and which has a moderating zone. In its interior, the vessel has a collecting region provided with a collecting medium as well as a conversion region for converting the gas into substances which can be taken up by the collecting medium. The diffusion sample is improved in that its detection sensitivity is increased and that the collecting region as well as the converting region are provided with large areas in a manner adapted to the geometry of the vessel so that a smaller and more manipulable configuration is obtained. In addition, long-term dosimetry is made possible. For this purpose, the moderating zone is configured as a permeable barrier from which the converting region as well as the collecting region extend and determine the diffusion path in the entire interior of the vessel with each region being applied to a carrier.

Abstract: A device for handling porous solid matrixes (16) in analytic determinations of the type comprising at least one reaction step, which is performed in the very matrixes by absorption of a liquid phase therein, comprises a holder (1) and at least one matrix carrier (2), each of which can retain a matrix (16) while at the same time permitting liquid which surrounds the matrix carrier to substantially unobstructedly be absorbed by the matrix. The holder (1) is provided with at least one gripping body (11) projecting therefrom, each of which can detachably carry a corresponding matrix carrier (2), and at least one squeezing body (11), each of which can be pressed against the porous matrix for squeezing out liquid from the same.

Abstract: A method of operating a clinical analyzer wherein the analyzer includes a plurality of reaction locations divided into two groups. Predetermined operations are performed on the first and second groups during corresponding processing cycles. A process that is common to both cycles is performed simultaneously for reaction locations in the first and second groups during only one of the cycles. The other of the cycles can thus accommodate operations unique to particular tests that would not otherwise be available on the analyzer. The common process may be washing of adjacent reaction locations included in the first and second groups.

Abstract: Two turntables are arranged in a concentric array with a plurality of reaction tubes arranged on each respective turntable, in which one turntable is rotated while, on the other hand, the other turntable is stopped. It is possible to measure the intensity of a light beam passed through the reaction liquid within the reaction tube on the turntable being rotated. The pouring of a sample, pouring of a reagent and washing/drying are achieved with respect to the reaction tubes on the turntable being stopped. The pouring of the sample and reagent and washing of the tubes are achieved parallel with the extraction of the measured data, thus assuring a shorter analytical handling time.

Abstract: This invention relates to a diluting and mixing device which is capable of diluting a first solution to produce a second solution which is mixed with an undiluted third solution, to reproducibly produce a unique series of combined solutions. Each solution in said series of combined solutions may vary only in the concentration of a single (selected) reactant, and typically, each successive solution becomes increasingly more concentrated in the selected reactant. By employing a modification in procedure, each successive solution in said series may become decreasingly less concentrated in the selected reactant.This invention further relates to an automated system comprising the device connected to a stepping motor so as to rapidly and reproducibly produce said series of solutions, said device being further connected to an analyzer means for obtaining chemical, biochemical, or physical chemical data on said series of solutions.

Abstract: An analysis system includes analysis station structure, sample station structure spaced from the analysis station structure along a straight line path, support shaft structure disposed along an axis parallel to the straight line path, and a transport carriage with probe structure mounted on the carriage. The transport carriage is mounted on the support shaft structure for movement along that shaft and is keyed thereto for pivoting movement in response to rotation of the shaft. A first drive includes a drive motor and cable structure coupled between the carriage and the drive motor for moving the transport carriage along the shaft to selectively position the probe structure at the sample and analysis stations, and a second drive rotates the shaft for inserting the probe into and withdrawing the probe from chamber structure at the sample and analysis stations. Metering means coupled to the probe flows liquid into and discharges liquid from the probe.

Abstract: In order to keep the reversing times from circulation of the reaction components to mixing and vice versa as short as possible for the purpose of good mixing in the initial and end phases in the preparation of flowable reaction mixtures by high-pressure mixing, the holding pressure applied to the flow reversing element is maintained by a releasable non-return valve until the full hydraulic reversing pressure has built up on the opposite side, and only then is the non-return valve released.

Abstract: Apparatus for the production of polyolefins by the polymerization of alpha-olefins in the gas phase, in several stages, in at least two polymerization reactors interconnected by a transfer device making it possible to transfer the polyolefins resulting from the first reactor into the second reactor, in which the polymerization is continued under conditions identical to or different from those of the first reactor.

Abstract: A procedure for assuring the identification of samples when transferring such samples into a sample register for the measuring process by an apparatus performing analysis of the samples. The apparatus consists of a sample register, through apertures in its cover a sample container is insertable into the sample register at one desired location only. The computer of the apparatus performing the analysis finds the address of a given sample in its memory and moves the sample register relative to the cover so as to make the respective location in the register accessible through the aperture. When this takes place in the order in which the samples were presented, all confusion of samples will be avoided because the computer retains the address of each patient sample in its memory throughout the analysis procedure.

Abstract: A multicuvette rotor for use in a centrifugal analyzer defines a circumferential array of elongated radially extending cuvettes and includes a one-piece body member of molded transparent material that has a planar upper surface and that defines a circumferential array of elongated cuvette recesses, and a one-piece cover member of molded transparent material that has a planar lower surface parallel to the planar upper surface of the body member with a continuous seal extending around each cuvette recess between the planar upper and lower surfaces to define the circumferential array of analytical cuvettes.

Abstract: A circulating fluidized bed reactor having a reactor chamber for containing fluidizing gas having entrained therein particulate material; a horizontal cyclone having a circumferential wall defining a separator chamber operatively connected at the reactor chamber for separating the material from the gas; a return pipe connected at the separator chamber of the cyclone at the circumference thereof for returning the separated material from the separator chamber to the reactor; and means for discharging the purified gas located in at least one end of the separator chamber of the cyclone. Preferably the separator chamber is located above the reactor chamber and the return pipe is connected at the lowermost point of the circumference of the separator chamber. The reactor is useful as combustor, gasifier and for the carrying out of chemical process.

Abstract: A sample loading and unloading apparatus for an automated clinical instrument including a loading tray adapted to receive a plurality of sample carrying sectors. The apparatus further includes a sample carousel having a plurality of locations each adapted to receive sample sectors. The portion of the sample carousel nearest the loading tray defines a transfer position. The loading tray includes a transfer assembly for transferring a sector positioned at the transfer position from the sample carousel to the loading tray and simultaneously transferring a sector from the loading tray to the sample carousel. The transfer assembly includes a transfer spider which may be pneumatically raised to temporarily lift the sample sectors from the loading tray and the sample sector from the transfer position.

Abstract: A process for carrying out an analytical determination by mixing and incubating a sample solution with at least one reagent and measuring a parameter in the reaction mixture, the sample solution being transported from an application point to a measurement point, wherein a sample solution is first transported to a soluble dry reagent, with at least partial dissolving of the latter, and then further transported to a measurement point, the transport taking place by two different forces, whereby, at least on a part of the transport path, it is brought about by a surface force acting on the solution as a first force, which, for the regulation of the transport velocity or transport direction, is superimposed by a centrifugal force and/or pressure force as a second force which, depending upon which transport state of the fluid is to be adjusted, is made greater or smaller than the first force.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new biocatalytic reactor to utilize succfully insoluble biocatalysts to carry out enzymatic reactions. It is especially adequate for the processing of enzymatic reactions using gel-like structure insoluble biocatalysts by eliminating the problems of high pressure drops, microbial contamination and mechanical disintegration which arise when conventional packed columns or agitated tanks are used.It is also adequate to utilize rigid insoluble biocatalysts to process enzymatic reactions with viscous or particulate substrates.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for analyzing fluid such as blood serum. A probe used for transferring some of the fluid to a testing station causes a change in circuit capacitance when the probe contacts the fluid. This change in capacitance causes production of a control signal which effects cessation of the descent of the probe into the fluid.

Abstract: Several types of new microelectronic devices including diodes, transistors, sensors, surface energy storage elements, and light-emitting devices are disclosed. The properties of these devices can be controlled by molecular-level changes in electroactive polymer components. These polymer components are formed from electrochemically polymerizable material whose physical properties change in response to chemical changes, and can be used to being about an electrical connection between two or more closely spaced microelectrodes. Examples of such materials include polypyrrole, polyaniline, and polythiophene, which respond to changes in redox potential. Each electrode can be individually addressed and characterized electrochemically by controlling the amount and chemical composition of the functionalizing polymer. Sensitivity of the devices may be increased by decreasing separations between electrodes as well as altering the chemical environment of the electrode-confined polymer.