Abstract: Carbamates, such as ethyl carbamate, are prepared by contacting an alcohol, such as ethanol, with cyanogen and water in the presence of a dipolar, aprotic solvent, such as acetonitrile, and an acid catalyst, such as hydrochloric acid.

Abstract: Lower alkyl .beta.-(S-benzylmercapto)-.beta.,.beta.-pentamethylenepropionates are prepared in improved yields by reacting lower alkyl cyclohexylideneacetates with benzylmercaptan in the presence of an alkali metal mercaptide.

Abstract: A novel cyclopropene-carboxylate of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and their preparation and a process using the compounds of formula I to obtain cis compounds of the formula ##STR2##

Abstract: A novel separation process of an iminodiacetic acid component from an aqueous glycine solution including the same is provided. In this process, sulfuric acid is added, in the presence of sodium salt, to the aqueous glycine solution in such an amount that the pH of the aqueous glycine solution becomes 1.5 or less, whereby the iminodiacetic acid is crystallized from the solution and, then, the crystallized iminodiacetic acid component is separated from the mother liquor. Thus, glycine can be efficiently recovered without causing undesirable accumulation of the iminodiacetic acid component in the mother liquor.

Abstract: Anti-inflammatory naphthyl compounds, their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same. The anti-inflammatory activity has a wide spectrum coupled with low side effects such as gastrointestinal irritancy or oestrongenicity. The compounds possess a chiral center at C-2 and can exist as mixtures of optical isomers or as substantially pure optical isomers.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of an optically active or racemic cyclopropanecarboxylic acid of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and each is lower alkyl or halogen;R is a member of a group which contains various cyclic structures as set forth in the specification,the .about. valency bond represents .alpha.- and/or .beta.-configuration;the -- valency bond represents .beta.-configuration,which comprises reacting an optically active or racemic cyclopropanecarboxylic acid of the formula (VII) ##STR2## with a dimethyl-methylidene-ammonium salt of the formula (VIII) ##STR3## wherein X is halogen or lower alkoxy andY.sup.- is a halide or lower alkylsulfate ion in an anhydrous, inert organic solvent, and sebsequently reacting a dimethyl-acloxy-methylidene-ammonium salt thus obtained with an optically active, inactive or racemic alcohol of the formulaR--OHwithout isolation, in the presence of an organic base.

Abstract: Carboxy functional addition-polymerizable monoethylenically unsaturated monomers and their volatile amine salts are disclosed, along with addition copolymers useful in coatings prepared therefrom. Both monomers and polymers decompose on heating. The monomers are bisamides comprised of a monoethylenically unsaturated amide and malonic acid half amide joined through their amide functionalities by a divalent saturated aliphatic group having 1-4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, which acid is a plant growth regulator.

Abstract: A process for producing (+)-cis-homocaronic acid from 2-caren-4-ol, 2-caren-4-one, 3-caren-2-ol, or mixtures thereof is disclosed. The reactants are ozonized, the ozonides produced are treated with an oxidizing agent, and the (+)-cis-homocaronic acid is recovered. The oxidizing agent can be hydrogen peroxide in either a basic or an acid medium.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed which is useful in preventing dental plaque and tartar from forming on the teeth. The composition includes compounds which are esters or their mono or double salts derived from lysine in combination with straight chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated, monovalent aliphatic alcohols having 4 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid or derivative of the formula ##STR1## in which R is hydrogen, alkali metal, ammonium, an equivalent of an alkaline earth metal, alkyl, or a radical customary in the alcohol part of pyrethroids,comprising reacting a 3-formyl-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid derivative of the formula ##STR2## with a dichloromethane derivative of the formula ##STR3## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently is alkyl, phenyl, alkoxy or phenoxy, or together are alkanediyl or alkanedioxy,in the presence of a base at a temperature between about -50.degree. and +50.degree. C. The products are intermediates for the preparation of esters of pyrethroid-like insecticidal activity.

Abstract: This invention describes a novel process whereby D-glucose and D-mannose are converted to S-3-amino-2-hydroxypropionic acid and R-3-amino-2-hydroxypropionic acid, respectively, and their N-blocked derivatives.

Abstract: Phenylguanidine derivatives are provided having the structure ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, lower alkoxy, phenyl, phenylalkyl, phenoxy, phenylalkoxy, lower alkoxyalkyl, phenoxyalkyl, alkylamino, dialkylaminoalkyl, alkylthio, phenylthio, phenylthioalkyl, and alkylthioalkyl; R.sup.1 is lower alkyl or benzyl; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, lower alkoxy carbonyl, and lower alkanoyl; R.sup.3 is lower alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl or benzyl; and n is 0 or 1. These compounds are useful as anthelmintic agents.

Abstract: N-Benzyloxycarbonyl aspartic acid substantially free of N-benzyloxycarbonyl aspartyl aspartic acid is prepared by introducing benzyl chloroformate gradually into an aqueous solution of the disodium salt of aspartic acid at temperatures of between 10.degree. C. and about 45.degree. C. while maintaining the pH of the aqueous solution at between 10.75 and 11.75. In a further embodiment, the mole ratio of unreacted benzyl chloroformate to the aspartic acid salt in the reaction medium is maintained preferably at no greater than 0.2. The resulting reaction mixture is acidified, e.g, with hydrochloric acid, to convert the reaction product to the free acid, which is separated from the reaction mixture, washed with water and dried to yield an essentially pure white granular product.

Abstract: 4-Amino-2-hydroxybutyric acid or 2,4-diaminobutyric acid may be readily produced by a new process comprising reacting a propionic acid compound containing a .beta.-carboxamido substituent (-CONH.sub.2) on the carbon atom at the 3-position and optionally containing hydroxyl substituent and protected or unprotected amino substituent on the .alpha.-carbon atom thereof, with an alkanoic acid anhydride in liquid pyridine to convert the carboxamido group into a nitrile group, with occasional acylation of a .alpha.-hydroxyl group, occasionally removing the alkanoyl group from the .alpha.-acyloxyl group of the resulting nitrile intermediate, and then reducing the resultant nitrile compound with hydrogen to convert the nitrile group into an aminomethyl group, and further optionally removing the residual amino-protecting group from the resultant 4-aminobutyric acid compound.

Abstract: Dimethyl 2,2,2-trinitroethylmalonate, diethyl 2,2,2-trinitroethylmalonate, imethyl 2-fluoro-2,2-dinitroethylmalonate, diethyl 2-fluoro-2,2-dinitroethylmalonate, dimethyl 2,2-dinitropropylmalonate, diethyl 2,2-dinitropropylmalonate, and methods of preparing these compounds. These compounds are useful as energetic additives to propellants and explosives.

Abstract: A process is provided for production of acylhydrazones of formyl-acetic acid ester of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an alkyl group with from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 is an alkoxy group or an amino group. A propiolic acid ester of the general formulaH--C.tbd.C--COOR.sub.1is contacted with hydrazine derivatives of the general formulaH.sub.2 N--NH--CO--R.sub.2in the presence of a solvent such as water or a lower alcohol. The resulting products are technically valuable starting materials for the production of biocides, for example of 1,2,3-thiadiazole derivatives.

Abstract: Phosphonic acids are suitable catalysts for the transesterification of alkyl esters of carboxylic acids with aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diols containing more than 3 carbon atoms.

Abstract: 3-Nitrobenzoic acid is recovered from a mixture of 2-, 3- and 4-nitrobenzoic acids by basifying to a pH of 8-12 and then adding an acid to reduce the pH to 1.5-3.5 to precipitate the desired compound.

Abstract: Saponifiable impurities are removed from pyrethroid intermediates represented by the structure ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkyl radical having from 1 to about 30 carbon atoms and wherein X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 each represent a halogen by selectively saponifying said impurities by reaction with an aqueous base.