Abstract: In an additive process for producing printed wiring boards, by using a developer comprising a chlorine-free organic solvent and an alkaline aqueous solution and as a resist material a copolymer of methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate or the like, the production steps are simplified even if a substrate having a large area is used, and abolishment of chlorine-containing organic solvent as a developer becomes possible.
Abstract: A water-based resin dispersion having excellent durability against water, obtained by radical-polymerizing a radical-polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer, a dimethylpolysiloxane having a molecule containing a radical-polymerizable unsaturated double bond and a radical-polymerizable monomer of the formula (A) or (B) in the presence of a reactive emulsifier, an oil-soluble polymerization initiator and water, and a process for the production thereof, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is (C.sub.2 H.sub.5 O).sub.2 or (CH.sub.3 O).sub.2, and R.sub.2 is (C.sub.2 H.sub.5 O).sub.3 or (CH.sub.3 O).
Abstract: A graded-refractive-index optical plastic material composed of an amorphous fluoropolymer (a) which has substantially no C--H bond and at least one material (b) which has substantially no C--H bond and differs from the fluoropolymer (a) in refractive index by at least 0.001, wherein the material (b) is distributed in the fluoropolymer (a) so as to have a concentration gradient in a specific direction, and the optical plastic material has a glass transition temperature which is substantially uniform throughout it.
Abstract: A process for compressing ethylenically unsaturated monomers at a pressure of 200-5000 bar in the absence of a polymerization initiator comprises carrying out compression in the presence of a sterically hindered amine derivative.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
October 16, 1998
Date of Patent:
June 22, 1999
Assignee:
BASF Aktiengesellschaft
Inventors:
Heinz Friedrich Sutoris, Alexander Aumuller, Andreas Koch, Andreas Deckers, Eckard Schauss, Roger Klimesch, Arend Jouke Kingma, Wilhelm Weber
Abstract: Toner resin consisting of a polymer which comprises (a) an aromatic vinyl unit, (b) an acrylic or methacrylic compound unit and (c) a polyfunctional compound unit, and which has a tetrahydrofuran insoluble content of 5-60%, a maximum peak molecular weight of no more than 20,000 in the molecular weight distribution of the tetrahydrofuran soluble portion as measured by gel permeation chromatography, and a weight average polymerization degree of no more than 180, as well as a process for its production. The resulting toner resin has an excellent fixing property, non-offsetting property, blocking resistance and image stability.
Abstract: Homogeneous copolymers of 60-99 mole % of vinyl pyrrolidone (VP) and 1-40 mole % 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (MDO), preferably 85-95 mole % VP and 5-10 mole % MDO, having a K-value of about 30-50, and a Tg of about 124-138.degree. C., are described herein. The copolymers are hydrolytically degradable in aqueous acid or basic solutions and biodegradable.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
May 1, 1998
Date of Patent:
June 15, 1999
Assignee:
ISP Investments Inc.
Inventors:
Yuanzhen Zhong, Philip F. Wolf, Edward G. Malawer, Kolazi S. Narayanan
Abstract: A polymer useful as a solid support for a variety of applications is provided. The polymer is prepared from a composition comprising at least one type of olefinic monomer and a multifunctional (meth)acrylate crosslinker of the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein: (a) R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are each independently hydrogen or a methyl group;(b) R.sup.4 is hydrogen or an organic group or substituent that can interact in the polymerization and/or crosslinking process or is nonreactive under the conditions of the polymerization and/or crosslinkling process;(c ) R.sup.7, R.sup.8, and R.sup.9 are each independently --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2, --CH.sub.2 --CH(CH.sub.3)--, or --CH(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2 --;(d) each of 1, m, and n is no greater than about 100 with the proviso that at least one of 1, m, or n is at least 1.
Abstract: An improved process for free radical polymerization is produced making it possible to control the growth steps of a polymerization to produce homopolymers and copolymers, including block and graft copolymers. The process uses a long half-life radical initiators and compounds which have the structure of formula I ##STR1## wherein X is a group having at least one carbon atom and is such that the free radical X is capable of polymerizing the unsaturated monomer by free radical polymerization, and the radical functionality resides on the or one of the carbon atoms, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 represent the same or different straight chain or branched substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups of a chain length sufficient to provide steric hindrance and weakening of the O--X bond, and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent the same or different, straight chain or branched, substituted alkyl groups or R.sup.3 CNCR.sup.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
August 22, 1996
Date of Patent:
June 8, 1999
Assignee:
Carnegie-Mellon University
Inventors:
Krzysztof Matyjaszewski, Dorota Greszta
Abstract: A novel fluorine-containing copolymer elastomer having bromine groups as cross-linkable groups, which comprises about 45 to about 80% by mole of tetrafluoroethylene, about 50 to about 20% by mole of a perfluoro(vinylether) represented by the following general formula:CF.sub.2 .dbd.CFO(CF.sub.2).sub.2 (OCF.sub.2)nOCF.sub.3where n is an integer of 1 to 5, and about 0.2 to about 5% by mole of a bromine-containing unsaturated monomer compound, sum total being 100% by mole, gives vulcanization products having distinguished resistances to chemicals, low temperature and heat.
Abstract: Monomeric units useful in reducing the modulus of hydrogels are disclosed. Silicone hydrogels including the subject monomeric units are especially useful in the formation of biomedical articles such as silicone hydrogel contact lenses. ##STR1## wherein: A is an activated unsaturated group;R and D independently are alkyl, alkylene or haloalkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms wherein said carbon atoms may include ether linkages therebetween;R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently selected from: alkyl or haloalkyl groups wherein ether linkages may be included between carbon atoms; siloxane groups, and carbocyclic ring groups having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms;m is an integer from 1 to 500; n is an integer from 1 to 20; x and y are 0 or 1;z is 1 or 2; and x+y+z=3;so long as at least one of R.sub.1 or R.sub.2 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
Abstract: An anionic polyacrylamide pretreatment for a metal surface which enhances corrosion resistance and surface adhesion properties is described. The pretreatment is stable at extreme pH's and compatible with other water soluble polymers. The anionic polyacrylamide includes mono- or di-alkyl substitutions on the N group of the polyacrylamide.
Abstract: This pressure-sensitive adhesive polymer is obtained by emulsion polymerization of the mixture of the following monomers, for a total of 100% by weight: (A) 40 to 95% by weight of at least one (meth)acrylic or vinyl monomer capable of resulting in a homopolymer which has a glass transition temperature lower than or equal to -40.degree. C.; (B) 2 to 50% by weight of at least one (meth)acrylic or vinyl monomer capable of resulting in a homopolymer which has a glass transition temperature higher than or equal to 0.degree. C.; (C) 0.5 to 6% by weight of at least one carboxylic (meth)acrylic monomer; (D) 0 to 5% by weight of at least one (meth)acrylic monomer ethoxylated with 1 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide; (E) 0.05 to 1% by weight of at least one (meth)acrylic or vinyl monomer containing a ureido group; and (F) 0 to 2% by weight of at least one acrylic or vinyl monomer carrying a sulphonate functional group, the said polymer having a glass transition temperature lower than or equal to -25.degree. C.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
July 30, 1997
Date of Patent:
June 1, 1999
Assignee:
Elf Atochem S.A.
Inventors:
Didier Vanhoye, Denis Melot, Jean Lebez, Cyril Wiegert
Abstract: A process for the preparation of (co)polymers employing a peroxide composition comprising at least one organic peroxide wherein at least 20% of the total active oxygen content of said organic peroxide is attributable to one or more cyclic ketone peroxides represented by the following formulas I-III: ##STR1## These cyclic ketone peroxides are highly efficient as polymerization initiators.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
February 27, 1998
Date of Patent:
May 25, 1999
Assignee:
Akzo Nobel nv
Inventors:
Leonie Arina Stigter, John Meijer, Andreas Petrus van Swieten
Abstract: The invention relates to an elastic fluorohydrocarbon resin. This resin is obtained by graft copolymerization of a first segment which is one of fluorine-containing elastomeric and crystalline polymers with a second segment which is the other of these polymers. The first segment is prepared by copolymerizing at least one first unsaturated monomer that has peroxy bond with at least one second fluorine-containing monomer. When the first monomer is dissolved in a first solvent prior to the copolymerization, the copolymerization can be safely conducted with higher yield. This first solvent is selected from a carboxylic ester of t-butanol, methylene chloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and first, second, third and fourth compounds which are respectively represented by R.sup.1 COOR.sup.2, C.sub.2 H.sub.x Cl.sub.y F.sub.z, C.sub.3 H.sub.x Cl.sub.y F.sub.z, and C.sub.4 H.sub.x Cl.sub.y F.sub.z.
Abstract: A novel fluorine-containing copolymer elastomer having bromine groups as cross-linkable groups, which comprises about 45 to about 80% by mole of tetrafluoroethylene, about 50 to about 20% by mole of a perfluoro(vinylether) represented by following general formula:CF.sub.2 .dbd.CFO(CF.sub.2).sub.2 (OCF.sub.2)nOCF.sub.3where n is an integer of 1 to 5, and about 0.2 to about 5% by mole of a bromine-containing unsaturated monomer compound, sum total being 100% by mole, gives vulcanization products having distinguished resistances to chemicals, low temperature and heat.
Abstract: Denture adhesive including a solvent-free, high molecular weight terpolymer of maleic anhydride, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl vinyl ether and isobutylene.
Abstract: Cyclopentadienyl derivatives are described having general formula (I) ##STR1## where R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.4, equivalent to or different from one another, are selected from: --H, alkyl radicals having a number of carbon atoms from 1 to 5, cycloalkyl radicals having a number of carbon atoms from 5 to 8, aryl and alkylaryl radicals having a number of carbon atoms from 6 to 8, aralkyl radicals having a number of carbon atoms from 7 to 9; n is an integer from 2 to 18; with the proviso that the number of R different from H does not exceed 2; with the exclusion of the compound having n=3, R.dbd.R.sub.1 .dbd.R.sub.2 .dbd.R.sub.4 .dbd.H. The invention a-so describes the process for the preparation of the above-mentioned cyclopentadienyl derivatives.
Abstract: A peroxide-vulcanizable fluorine-containing elastomer containing iodines as cross-linking sites, capable of producing vulcanization products having a distinguished heat resistance is produced by polymerization reaction of a fluorinated olefin having 2 to 8 carbon atoms in the presence of a diiodide compound represented by the following general formula:I--R--where R is a divalent fluorohydrocarbon group, chlorofluorohydrocarbon group or hydrocarbon group, having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, respectively, and 2,2-difluoroiodoethylene.
Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a methyl methacrylate polymer, wherein monomers containing methyl methacrylate as a main component are bulk-polymerized or solution-polymerized in the presence of a polymerization initiator and mercaptan compound as a chain transfer agent to form a liquid polymer composition containing unreacted monomers and then a volatile content is separated from the liquid polymer composition, the method comprising the steps of: distilling the volatile content to recover unreacted monomers, (1) subjecting the residue to a contact treatment with hydrazine compound or (2) subjecting the residue to an azeotropic distillation with water to remove impurities, distilling the resultant to recover the mercaptan compound and reusing the mercaptan compound as the chain transfer agent of raw materials.
Abstract: An aqueous microemulsion polymerization procedure is described in which very small colloidal polymer particles are produced from tetrafluoroethylene monomer. The polymerization procedure involves adding a free-radical initiator to a mixture of a microemulsion of at least one liquid saturated organic compound; and tetrafluoroalkyl ethylene.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
May 29, 1997
Date of Patent:
April 20, 1999
Assignee:
W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc.
Inventors:
Huey Shen Wu, Jack Hegenbarth, Xin Kang Chen, Jian Guo Chen