Abstract: Improved oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts are prepared by modifying a zinc ferrite oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst with manganese oxide. The resulting catalyst compositions exhibit higher conversions and yields.

Abstract: Organic compounds are dehydrogenated to compounds having a higher degree of unsaturation by contacting the feedstock in the vapor phase at an elevated temperature in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas with a catalyst containing nickel in combination with phosphorus and oxygen. The nickel-phosphorus-oxygen catalysts are particularly characterized in that they contain from 0.1 to 16.8 weight percent phosphorus, based on the weight of the nickel-phosphorus-oxygen catalyst. Representative of such conversions is the oxidative dehydrogenation of butane to 1,3-butadiene. The conversion products are valuable compounds particularly useful as intermediates for the preparation of polymeric materials such as synthetic rubbers and the like.

Abstract: Novel compositions comprising calcium hypochlorite and a hydrazide of a monocarboxylic acid containing from about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms have been produced. The compositions provide accurately controlled concentrations of available chlorine to bodies of water such as swimming pools by reducing the solubility of the calcium hypochlorite.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing magnetite having an equiaxial morphology in the state of a hyperfine powder, starting from a solution of a bivalent iron solution, characterized in that:A. an aqueous suspension of Fe(OH).sub.2 is prepared by reacting an aqueous solution of a ferrous salt with alkali;B. said aqueous suspension of Fe(OH).sub.2 is fed into an autoclave into which is also introduced a quantity of air corresponding to 4-15 normal liters per 100 g of bivalent Fe; andC. the autoclave is then brought to a temperature between 150.degree. and 200.degree. C and maintained at this temperature until the inside pressure has stabilized itself at a constant level, thereby bringing about the formation of the desired magnetite which, once discharged from the autoclave, is washed and dried. The aqueous suspension of Fe(OH).sub.2 subjected to thermal decomposition in the autoclave may have present therein Cu.sup.+.sup.+ion, in a quantity between 0.3 and 1.4% by weight of the bivalent Fe. When Cu.sup.+.sup.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for controlling the particle size of equiaxial magnetite obtained by a process for preparing same starting from ferrous sulphate solutions, characterized in that the reaction forming the magnetite is conducted in a suspension to which .gamma. FeO(OH) has been added in such an amount that Fe of the .gamma. FeO(OH) is 0.1-10% of the Fe.sup.+.sup.+ initially present in the solution.

Abstract: Improved oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts are prepared by modifying a zinc ferrite oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst with magnesium oxide. The resulting catalyst compositions exhibit higher conversions and yields.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of acicular magnetic gamma-iron(III) oxide by reducing acicular alpha-iron(III) oxide to magnetite and then oxidizing it to gamma-iron(III) oxide, wherein the alpha-iron(III) oxide is treated with a water-soluble alkaline earth metal compound and an alkylphenol with one to three alkyl radicals, each of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, on the benzene nucleus. Gamma-iron(III) oxides manufactured in this way show better magnetic orientability in the binder-containing dispersion, and a higher coercive force than prior art magnetic pigments.

Abstract: Alkali metal and alkaline earth metal carbonate compounds (in a variety of forms), including sodium ores of nahcolite and calcium ores of limestone, can be thermally comminuted or crushed. Size reduction is accomplished by a thermal treatment process called thermal crushing. The solids are subjected to a high temperature environment which causes a rapid temperature rise within the solid particles. This rapid temperature rise apparently results in a rapid generation of gases within the particle that exceeds the rate at which the gases can escape, thus resulting in a pressure buildup inside the solid particles. This causes the particles to explode or disintegrate into many smaller particles or powder.The resulting generation of small particles or powder by thermal crushing of thermally crushable carbonate compounds improves their application for removing reactive gaseous impurities, such as sulfur dioxide, NO.sub.x, etc., from a flue gas.

Abstract: Calcium carbonate is manufactured by the carbonation of an aqueous suspension of calcium hydroxide in the presence of a complex-forming agent for calcium ions which is added subsequently to the primary nucleation stage, and preferably during a first carbonation stage. Optionally there is also added a long-chain fatty acid or long-chain fatty acid salt, preferably after a final carbonation stage.

Abstract: Ammonium hydroxide is added to a mixture of high-temperature, high-pressure geothermal steam and brine to raise the pH of the brine to between 6.0 and 7.0 and precipitate out a gelatinous sludge of aluminum and iron hydroxides. The hydroxide sludge is suspended in the brine and sweeps out enough dissolved silica so that the temperature and pressure of the brine can be reduced with little, if any, formation of silica scale. Various metals and ammonium hydroxide may then be recovered from the brine, the ammonium hydroxide being recycled in the process.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic conversion of SO.sub.2 to SO.sub.3 wherein a main stream of SO.sub.2 -containing gas is branched to form a partial stream which is admixed with an oxygen-containing gas and brought to the temperature of the first contact hurdle or stage. The effluent therefrom is mixed with the remainder of the SO.sub.2 -containing gas and is fed to the second contact hurdle or stage. The oxgyen-containing gas is added in an amount sufficient to reduce the SO.sub.2 concentration so that a temperature can be used in the first stage which corresponds to the SO.sub.2 +1/2 O.sub.2 .revreaction.SO.sub.3 equilibrium.

Abstract: A resistive film composition consisting essentially of AlN and solid solution of TiN and ZrN and a method of making the same by means of cathodic sputtering.

Abstract: A method of extracting constituent metal values from sea nodules containing copper, cobalt, iron and nickel is disclosed. The method involves melting the nodules under reducing conditions to obtain a concentrate containing said metals and reacting the metal concentrate in an aqueous medium with gaseous chlorine to obtain an aqueous solution containing the chlorides of said metal. Copper is thereafter precipitated from the aqueous solution and subsequently electrorefined, while the iron and cobalt are extracted from the aqueous solution by means of organic extractants and then re-extracted from the organic phases by aqueous phases.

Abstract: The process for the production of synthetic anhydrite of uniform quality from the residue resulting from the production of hydrofluoric acid and containing calcium sulfate and acid, comprising suspending said residue in water with vigorous agitation, neutralizing said residue, grinding the suspension and separating water from the suspension to leave synthetic anhydrite containing less than about 50% water by weight. The product is thereafter dried after the optional addition of fillers and/or additives which accelerate subsequent hydration.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing graphite whiskers which comprises: mixing one or more of gasified compounds having a condensed polycyclic structure of two to five benzene rings with a large amount of inert gas containing a small amount of CO, CO.sub.2 or H.sub.2 O; heating said gas mixture at 700.degree. to 1200.degree. C and a substantially atmospheric pressure to generate precursory carbon whiskers comprised of numerous carbon crystals orientated in a form of single sheet which is rolled up like a scroll or a plurality of separate sheets rolled in concentric relationships; and graphitizing said carbon whiskers at temperatures of 2700.degree. to 3000.degree. C in an atmosphere of inert gas.

Abstract: The effluent streams from utility stack gases containing nitric oxides and sulfur dioxide are sequentially oxidized, absorbed with effluent spent alkylation acid, the unabsorbed remaining gases contacted with carbon monoxide from alkylation units in refinery cracking and other industrial plants to form sulfur, carbon dioxide and nitrogen, the carbon dioxide and nitrogen being vented, the sulfur oxidized to sulfur trioxide and contacting aqueous sulfuric acid therewith to effect concentration of said acid and suitability for recycle to an alkylation unit; the absorbate containing spent alkylation acid sequentially treated with a burning, oxidation, aqueous dilution and carbon monoxide treatment steps to form sulfuric acid for recycle to an alkylation unit and venting formed carbon dioxide and nitrogen.

Abstract: Self-activated ultraviolet-emitting hafnium pyrophosphate phosphors. Up to about 20 mole percent of the hafnium may be substituted with one or more of zirconium, germanium and silicon. The phosphors, which may be excited by ultraviolet radiation, x-rays and electron beams, may be used as energy converters in photodevices. The phosphors may be prepared by heating a mixture of a hafnium compound, a phosphate (no added activator ions) and optionally compounds of one or more of zirconium, germanium and silicon, which are present in proportions up to about 25 mole percent of the hafnium present, at about 1000.degree. to 1300.degree. C in air.

Abstract: Urea is produced through an integrated, isobaric process in which raw ammonia synthesis gas, consisting essentially of H.sub.2, N.sub.2 and sufficient CO.sub.2 to produce the urea and compressed to a pressure slightly above the urea synthesis pressure, is decarbonated in a vertical film heat exchanger where it is contacted with a thin aqueous film containing NH.sub.3 with which the CO.sub.2 reacts to produce a concentrated carbamate solution that is withdrawn from the bottom of the exchanger and fed to a urea reactor. The compressed, unreacted synthesis gas containing traces of CO and saturated with NH.sub.3 is withdrawn from the upper part of the heat exchanger, NH.sub.3 is separated therefrom and recycled to the heat exchanger, and the balance of the unreacted synthesis gas is subjected to methanation to eliminate any CO and CO.sub.2 therein.

Abstract: A stable panchromatically sensitized zinc oxide having a low moisture sensitivity with dark discharge properties rendering it suitable as the photoconductive material of elements for indirect as well as direct electrophotography is produced by reacting finely divided zinc oxide with gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide, while keeping the zinc oxide particles in motion, until a critical stage is reached corresponding usually to a weight increase of 4 to 7.5%, at which point the reacting is terminated and the product is heated to constant weight at a temperature between 190.degree. and 350.degree. C. Photoconductive elements made with the panchromatically sensitive zinc oxide not only are reusable indefinitely under varying atmospheric humidity conditions without loss of their sensitivity, but also exhibit a memory effect much lower than that of known photoconductive zinc oxides.

Abstract: There is provided a method for preparing phosphorus compounds wherein phosphorus vapor containing P.sub.2 molecules is condensed at a temperature below the solidification point of red phosphorus and the resulting solid is then reacted with a phosphorus-reactive material. When the phosphorus-reactive material is water at an elevated temperature, phosphine is produced.