Abstract: An electroscopic fluid display comprises substrates (1, 2) having fixed electrodes (12, 22), and movable electrodes (3) between the substrates, the electrodes (12, 22, 3) being provided on the free main surfaces with an insulating layer (13, 23, 31, 32) respectively, and the asymmetry of the alternating voltage drive for the electrodes being adapted to the difference in surface properties as regards charge delivery and charge adsorption of facing insulating layers (13, 31; 32, 23), or the alternating voltage drive is symmetrical, and facing insulating layers (13, 31; 32, 23) have substantially the same surface properties as regards charge delivery and charge adsorption. The insulating layer (31, 32) consists, preferably, on at least one main surface of the movable electrode (3) of anodized electrode material and continuing along (33) the outer peripheral and inner peripheral portions of the perforated movable electrode 3.

Abstract: A variable focus lens for use in reproducing images includes first, second, third, and fourth lens groups arranged successively from an object to an image, and a diaphragm disposed between the second and third lens groups. The first lens group comprises a concave meniscus lens with its concave surface facing the object. The second lens group comprises a double convex lens with the larger absolute value of the radius of curvature of its surface facing the image, a double concave lens with the larger absolute value of the radius of curvature of its surface facing the object, and a double convex lens, the lenses being arranged successively in the order named from the object. The third lens group is of the same construction as the second lens group except that the lenses of the third lens group are arranged and faced in the opposite direction to the second lens group, the second and third lens groups being positioned symmetrically with respect to the diaphragm.

Abstract: Eyeglasses having mirror sections enabling the wearer to view scenery behind the person's shoulder, as well as the forward scenery. The mirror sections are fully reflecting, not see-through sections, as have been employed in the known prior art. Light-blocking wall structures are located near the control axis of the eyeglasses, such that pictorial information obtained through a mirror section predominates over the forward pictorial information.

Abstract: The invention provides a photocoagulator using an infrared laser diode source (70). A dichroic beam splitter (68) is used to combine the optical path of the laser system with the viewing system. Such an arrangement affords the clinician an uninterupted, uncolor view of the patient's eye during treatment, without any risk of damage to the clinician's eye. There is also provided an alignment system using a visible laser diode (80). The alignment system may include a number of mutually non parallel beams which pass through different portions of the pupil and provide information on aim, focus and vignetting.

Abstract: A pair of eyeglasses having a pair of lenses, a frame for the lenses, nose pieces disposed between the lenses and adapted to engage the bridge of the nose of a wearer, and a pair of temple pieces extending rearwardly over the ears of the wearer, said temple pieces consisting of either a single continuous piece with the rearward end terminating in a thin tapering hook member fitted with a movable semi-soft weighted sleeve, or with temple pieces consisting of two segments, a forward section connected by the usual hinged means to the frame holding the lenses, and a rearward section terminating in a solid hooked member made of heavy material and with a soft cushion attached underneath, said members being connected by means of a sleeve permitting of horizontal adjustment, and located at an arbitrary point between the plane of the lenses and the ears of the wearer, and the designs of the temple pieces described above resulting in lessening weight and trauma at the nose of the warer of the glasses, the elimination o

Abstract: A compact zoom lens system is capable of high zoom ratio and has coverage of a wide visual field. The system consists, in order from the object side, of a first lens group haivng a positive focal length, a second lens group having a negative focal length and a third lens group having a positive focal length, and effects zooming from the wide-angle end to the telephoto end by moving either all of the three lens groups or the first and third lens groups, with the image plane held at a constant position, the third lens group is composed of a lens unit 3a having a positive focal length and a lens unit 3b having a negative focal length, and the two lens units 3a and 3b are moved independently of each other in such a way that the distance between the lens units 3a and 3b is increased to satisfy condition (1) when zooming is effected from the wide-angle end to the middle focal length.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing a special lens by bonding a polarizing film to an eyeglass lens on the basis of the angle corresponding to the distortion of eyeball, that is, the distorted vision angle measured.

Abstract: A vari-focal lens system with switchable auxiliary lens units comprising a master lens system, an auxiliary lens unit removably arranged after the master lens system and another auxiliary lens unit removably arranged after said auxiliary lens unit, said vari-focal lens system being so adapted as to permit photographing at multiple different focal lengths by speedy switching operation with a simple mechanism.

Abstract: An adapter for a lens retaining ring and associated indirect ophthalmoscopy lens used by an examiner or practitioner during examination of a patient's eye fundus with a biomicroscope. The adapter includes a body portion for spacing the lens mounted in the retaining ring a predetermined distance from the eye of the patient when the adapter-retaining ring-lens combination is positioned against the eye of the patient under examination. The adapter is adapted to engage the eyelids of the eye under examination, and is so constructed so as to aid in maintaining such eyelids open, and openings are provided in the body of the adapter to aid in preventing fogging of the lens mounted in the lens retaining ring. The adapter may be selectively removable from the associated lens retaining ring (which may be a conventional or known lens retaining ring) or may be integrally formed with the retaining ring.

Abstract: A zoom lens comprises a first lens group having a positive refractive power and a second lens group having a negative refractive power sequentially from an object to be photographed. The first lens group comprises an aperture, a front group including at least two lens components having a positive refractive power, and a lens component which has a negative refractive power and an object-side lens surface of which has a concave surface directed toward an object side, and a rear group located nearer to an image than the aperture and including at least one lens component having a positive refractive power. The front group is located nearer to the object than the aperture and has a positive refractive power as a whole. The second lens group comprises at least one lens component having a positive refractive power and at least two lens components having a negative refractive power. A relative distance between the first and second lens groups is changed to perform zooming.

Abstract: A lens is provided which can be worn, in the form of eyeglasses, for the reduction of visual noise and resulting eye strain for an observer of a visual display terminal. The lens comprises a light transmitting plastic body having convex shaped outer surface away from the eye of the observer and a concave inner surface facing the eye of the observer. The body is provided with, in combination, an ultraviolet absorber for at least substantially blocking the transmission of ultraviolet radiation incident upon the lens, a color dye for diminishing the transmission of radiation having a wavelength of between 500-600 nm, and a grey dye for reducing the transmission of visible light. A corresponding method is also provided, along with a method and a kit for producing such a lens.

Abstract: In a zoom lens system of the type which includes a first lens group having a positive focal length and a second lens group having a negative focal length and which performs zooming by adjusting the distance between the two lens groups, the first lens group is composed of a first lens unit having a small power and having a positive or negative focal length and a second lens unit having a positive focal length, the first lens unit being of a two-group-two-element composition which comprises, in order from the object side, a first positive meniscus lens element having a convex surface of large curvature directed toward the object and a second meniscus lens element of large thickness that has a concave surface of large curvature on the object side and a convex surface of large curvature on the image plane side.

Abstract: An eyeglass frame and electroacoustic device combination for the improvement of natural hearing has temples that contain or carry electronic and electroacoustic devices. To enable persons with reduced hearing to again be able to follow a conversation in noisy surroundings, e.g. to concentrate on a partner during a cocktail party situation, to clearly understand speech in reverberant rooms, to concentrate on sound from a specific direction, to enjoy again theater and concert performances, each temple of the eyeglass frame comprises, directly at its front end, a directional microphone. The direction of maximum sensitivity extends to the front of the wearer, and its direction of minimal sensitivity faces toward the electroacoustic transducer at the rear end of the temple, near the ear of the wearer. This electroacoustic transducer is arranged at the rear end of the temple on an arm of a temple.

Abstract: This invention relates to a locked screw joint for connecting two eyeglass members, particularly members of a closing block or a hinge of an eyeglass frame. A bore is provided with screw threads at one end and is provided at its other end with an abutment for the head of a hinge screw, which abutment consists of a flat surface or of a counterbore. The locked screw joint can be opened and reconnected, as is required in the manufacture and use of eyeglass frames. This is accomplished in that a conical elevation surrounding the bore is provided on the abutment surface for the screw head, the inner edge of the shank of the screw has a conical constriction under the screw head and as the shank is screwed in the conical elevation is deformed to extend into and is locked in the constriction.

Abstract: An improved collimating lens for use in optical memories is disclosed which comprises a first surface for receiving the incident beam which is concave, and a second surface for emitting the outgoing beam which is convex and non-spherical, characterized in that the said lens satisifies some particular conditions. If the collimating lens of the present invention is used, the beam passing through the periphery of the lens can be concentrated, and therefore, the actual number of openings of the objective lens is increased, and at the same time, the coupling efficiency can be improved. Accordingly it is possible to form very tiny spot on the disc, and the transmission rate can also be improved. Further, the appearance of the lens can be favorably shaped when manufacturing the lens, because the lens of the present invention is strong against the difference of the axes.

Abstract: In an instrument having an interrogating optical beam for the measurement of various optical properties of the eye, a detector is disclosed for triangulating the towards and away distance of the eye from the objective of the measurement equipment thus utilizing the beam for serendipitous purpose of ranging. A photosensitive detector having two photosensitive elements is placed in a plane which includes the optical axis of the interrogating instrument and the detector. The detector is mounted towards the eye with the division between the two photosensitive surfaces normal to the plane including the interrogating optical beam and the detector. Typically, the detector has line of sight off axis with respect to the interrogating beam and intersects the axis at the preferred position for eye placement. An imaging lens relays a conjugate image of the detector to that point in space on the optic axis in front of the eye where ultimate placement of the eye for measurement is desired.

Abstract: This invention relates to an optical system for determining the curvature or the modification of curvature of an object on a zone of small dimensions, wherein it comprises: a light source; first optics adapted to form a parallel light beam from the beam emitted by said source; a semireflecting element disposed on the path of said parallel beam; second focussing optics receiving the parallel beam reflected by said element and being capable of moving parallel to the direction of propagation of said light beam, so that their image focus merges with the center of curvature or the surface of said object; third focussing optics receiving the beam reflected by the object, and means for detecting the image formed by said system. The invention is more particularly applicable in keratometry.

Abstract: An eyeglass frame includes ring-like lens mounting portions joined together by a bridge defining a medial cavity. A nose engaging piece has nose engaging pad portions joined together by an intermediate bight portion and also includes means for biasing the nose pad portions away from each other. A pair of opposed hinged arms are interconnected by interlocking hinge members disposed in the medial cavity of the bridge member and free ends of the arms are engaged with the nose engaging pad portions. Deflection of one nose pad portion results in a similar, complementary deflection of the other nose pad portion, thus providing a conformance to the shape of a wearer's nose which, in combination with the bias force of the saddle piece, provide a greatly improved wearing comfort.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved apparatus for treatment of amblyopia and similar eye conditions through use of a solitary visual target maintained at a level of minimal discernible size. The improved apparatus provides instantaneous electronic switching between targets of different acuity demand levels, compact optics requiring limited case size, and automatic scoring of correct responses.

Abstract: This invention relates to a nose pad assembly for use in eyeglasses. The nose pad assembly comprises a plastic nose pad and a mounting arm to be secured to the frame of the eyeglasses. Detent means are provided for resiliently interlocking a depending free end portion of the mounting arm with a boss on the rear of the nose pad so as to permit a limited pivotal movement of the nose pad about said free end portion. In one embodiment of the invention the boss of the nose pad is formed with a socket hole, which is open at its top end and closed at its bottom, and the detent means consist of a plurality of vertically spaced apart ball sockets formed in the elastic boundary surface of said socket hole and of a ball, which is formed at the extreme end of the free end portion of said mounting arm and interfits with said ball sockets.