Abstract: An apparatus and method for correcting cross scan error in a two coordinate optical scanning system where the two scanners are spaced apart in the optical system. An anamorphic lens is positioned between the scanner which is introducing the cross scan error and the second scanner, with the lens being formed and positioned so that the focal length on the coordinate of scan from the first scanner is different from its focal length on the coordinate of scan orthogonal to it. An object lens is placed between the second scanner and the object being scanned. This lens in an ophtalmoscope is the lens of the eye.

Abstract: In a triplet type objective for a compact lens shutter camera with a diaphragm arranged behind the lens system, the first and the second lens elements are formed of plastic and the third lens element is formed of glass, so that it is advantageous in manufacturing cost and weight. Therefore, an F No. of the objective is small and aberrations, for example astigmatic difference, are corrected well.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to optical accessories of the sunshade type which releasably cooperate with a frame of prescription glasses. The accessory has a pair of rearwardly projecting flexibly resilient prongs which when seated in respective grooves formed in inwardly facing portions of the frame to effect a snap-fit engagement of the accessory to the glasses.

Abstract: A scanning ophthalmoscope comprises eye illuminating means comprising a light source block (A), an outward refraction compensator (Ba), scanning means (C) suitable for deflecting a beam produced by the light source block over a raster of lines, and a catoptric ophthalmoscope per se (D) for transmitting the deflected light beam into the eye through the pupil thereof. Light returns along the same path to a partially reflective beam separator plate (L.sub.1), it then passes through a return refraction compensator (Br) followed by a detector (E) and an electronic processing circuit (F). The outward and return paths are kept highly symmetrical. The catoptric ophthalmoscope (D) is essentially constituted by a spherical mirror (M.sub.1). The scanning mirrors (M.sub.3 and M.sub.4) pivot about respective axes which are colinear with the focal axes of the astigmatism which the spherical mirror produces in the image of the spot of a patient's pupil.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting the presence of diabetes mellitus and other abnormalities affecting the lens of the eye and for monitoring eye lens changes resulting from that disease or from other causes is disclosed. The apparatus enables the diffusion coefficient of the lens of a patient's eye to be ascertained by directing a light beam from a low-power laser at the patient's lens and measuring fluctuations in intensity of the back-scattered light caused by the movement of light scatterers in the lens. The apparatus is arranged to give a three dimensional view of the light-scattering site in the lens of the eye from which a measurement is taken and employs a binocular microscope having a fiber optic situated in one eyepiece of the microscope. Back-scattered light is focused by that eyepiece on the fiber optic while enabling the site in the lens to be stereoptically viewed.

Abstract: An optical alignment system using at least one CCD array for positioning an instrument in a chosen relationship to an object is disclosed. Means for "electronically" aligning the optical components and providing a macro view of the object on a CRT without additional illumination are also disclosed. Alignment may be achieved manually, if the operator observes the position of symbols on a CRT that move in response to movement of the instrument by the operator using a joystick, or automatically using information provided by the array.

Abstract: To measure automatically a distance related to the interpupillary distance of a person, a light source generates a corneal reflection on at least one eye of the person. By means of a scanning system such as a rotating mirror, a sensor receiver is scanned transversely to the general direction of observation of the person to direct light rays from the corneal reflection or reflections onto the sensor receiver in which is a measurement reference mark relative to which the corneal reflection or reflections is or are located.

Abstract: An ocular imaging system for use with a surgical laser device comprises a light source radiating a beam which is coaxially aligned with the surgical laser beam. An aperture is place in the path of the beams to limit the quantity of light that can pass along the path. A steering mechanism is provided to move the coaxially aligned beams across the surface of the eye, and a confocal optical arrangement is provided to establish one of the beams' focal points at the aperture and the other as desired by the operator. Means are provided to detect the intensity of light reflected through the aperture and signal when this intensity surpasses a threshold value that is indicative of a specular reflection from the interface between tissues having different indices of refraction.

Abstract: An apparatus for selectively shuttering a light aperture or channel which includes a shutter blade that is rapidly moved by magnetic force between spaced apart end positions. The shutter apparatus maintains the shutter blade stable in either of the two end positions by magnetic attraction, and preferably provides a third stable position for the shutter blade which is intermediate the two end positions, such that the shutter blade has three stable positions corresponding to full, partial and no shuttering of the aperture or channel. In one embodiment, the shutter blade is part of a flag carried by a torsion beam which is fixed at one end in a mount in a cantilever arrangement, and is free to twist about its longitudinal axis. An elongated permanent magnet extends transverse to the flag and presents poles of opposite polarity.

Abstract: Protective eyewear which may be tinted for use as sunglasses having a preformed one piece lens arrangement with a recessed border and removable temples hinged to the preformed lens. The removable temple pieces have posts which fit sockets at opposite upper and lower ends of the preformed lens. Interchangeable decorative frames allow the wearer to change the appearance of the protective eyewear at will. The interchangeable decorative frames have pins which snap into the sockets used for the hinges for the temple pieces allowing the frame to be easily removed and replaced with a different color or design decorative frame.

Abstract: An ophthalmic measuring apparatus has a corneal shape measuring system projecting a first target image onto the cornea of an eye to be examined and receiving the corneal reflection image of the first target image by a first photodetector device to obtain information on the corneal shape, a refractive power measuring system projecting a second target image onto the eye fundus of the eye to be examined and receiving the corneal reflection image of the second target image by a second photodetector device to obtain information on the refractive power of the eye, a signal processing device selectively receiving the output of the corneal shape measuring system or the refractive power measuring system to calculate the corneal shape or the refractive power of the eye, and a measuring mode selecting device connected to the signal processing device to select a single measurement of the corneal shape of refractive power of the eye, or successive measurements of both.

Abstract: A slit lamp microscope for use in observing the cornea, crystalline lens and other tissues of an eye includes a scanning device for scanning the laser beam vertically and horizontally within a selected area of the eye to be examined to form thereon a slit image which illuminates the selected area. A regulating device is provided for regulating the intensity of the laser beam to a predetermined level depending upon the amount of light reflected from the eye. The scanning device is controlled to change its scanning area to make the selected area variable to thereby provide a slit image which is changeable in size.

Abstract: This invention provides for the measurement of relative oxygen saturation of the choriodal blood of the fundus of the eye of a subject by directing into the eye a source beam of light including incandescent, red and infrared light, the combined beam penetrating the choroid and impinging on the sclera of the eye, the beam then being reflected back out of the eye as a collimated beam of light. The collimated beam of light is directed to a dichroic beam splitter where the red and infrared light are separated from the beam and are subject to the measurement of their respective intensities. The measured intensities of the red and infrared light components of the collimated beam reflected from the eye are compared with the measured intensities of the red and infrared light components of the separated portion of the source beam of light to determine the ratio of oxyhemoglobin to reduced hemoglobin.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus and method for taking measurements of the electrical signals from the eye in response to light stimulus which utilizes a plurality of electrodes contacting the sclera of the eye and obtaining outputs of the differences between the signals generated by opposed pairs of electrodes.

Abstract: A method and lens are disclosed for improving the visual comfort and perceived vision of a person viewing an image transmitted from a video display terminal. The use of a lens tint complementary to the image color on the terminal screen is employed to improve screen contrast and reduce fatigue.

Abstract: A hinge comprises two parts and a pin by which these two parts are hinged together. An end portion of the pin is force fitted in an opening in one of the two parts. A head on the pin is in stressed axial bearing engagement with a bearing surface on one of the two parts. The hinge may be employed to articulate the lateral support temples to the front assembly of an eyeglass frame.

Abstract: A visual deficiency screening system (8) includes a display (14) and a means (10, 18) for generating a series of randomly differing images (12). A hood (24) and eyepiece (26) are provided for properly positioning a test subject relative to the display (14).

Abstract: A miniature display projection system, for attachment to a pair of spectacles or sunglasses, or made as an integral system combination, display projection and sunglasses. A miniature opto-electronic display panel is driven by micro electronics to generate bright luminous display images, providing useful displays such as time of day or even television images. A novel optical projection window is used to project the display, such that to appear superimposed onto the normal field of view of the spectacles or sunglasses wearer, when the display panel is activated. When the display panel is not active the normal field of view is seen unhindered.

Abstract: Spectacles provided with a magnifier, in which magnifier elements are mounted on a body of spectacles, a distance to an object to be seen is measured, a movable lens encased in the magnifier element is controlled and driven forward or backward along an optical axis on the basis of the result of the measurement to automatically adjust the focal length of the magnifier elements. A user of spectacles can merely peep an object to be seen through the magnifier to always see a magnified image with the focal point adjusted.

Abstract: An apparatus utilizing a laser for treating the eye of a patient in either a seated or supine position. The apparatus includes a slit lamp device having integrated laser beam guidance for examination and treatment of seated patients and a support element attachable to the casing of the microscope of the slit lamp device and carrying lens groups for and a deflection device for modifying the beam path and which enable bending of the laser beam, illumination beam and the observation beam path to the eye to be treated when the patient is in a supine position.