Abstract: This invention concerns a multi-port switching circuit which may operate at frequencies up to and even beyond 100 GHz. The invention may be implemented as a GaAs based monolithic microwave integrated circuit. The circuit comprises at least three ports arranged in a star configuration around a central ring. A single switching device is associated with each port. Each switching device is connected to two transmission lines to provide impedance matching and an interconnecting path around the ring. The transmission lines are initially chosen to have a length of a quarter wavelength at the center of the band of operation of the switch. The matching lines and the lines which form the interconnecting ring are then subject to an optimization procedures in which each pair of the switching devices is in turn modeled in their ON state which the remainder of the switching devices is modeled in their OFF state. The optimization procedure aims to achieve low transmission and insertion loss, while provide good isolation.

Abstract: In a low-noise amplifying device, an antenna point is attached to a tip portion of a microstrip line and an end surface of a printed wiring board. The printed wiring board is fixed to a chassis by a screw, a rivet, a projecting portion of a frame or a conductive adhesive in the vicinity of a connection of the antenna pin to the microstrip line. Thereby, even a slight warp that might exist on the board is corrected, so that adhesion between the board and the chassis is reinforced and the low-noise amplifying device stably operates.

Abstract: A power amplifier comprises a pair of power-supply rails, a power-supply voltage divider, an intermediate power-supply line, a first and second BTL amplifiers, and a first to fourth switching circuits. The power-supply rails are composed of a first power-supply line to which a power-supply potential is applied and a second power-supply line to which the ground potential is applied. The power-supply divider produces an intermediate potential by dividing the voltage between the power-supply rails in two and supplies it to the intermediate power-supply line. The first BTL amplifier is provided between the second power-supply line and the intermediate power-supply line. The second BTL amplifier is provided between the first power-supply line and the intermediate power-supply line. The first and second BTL amplifiers each include an output bridge circuit.

Abstract: An apparatus for propagating electromagnetic waves at a predetermined reduced guide wavelength. A waveguide (27b) is provided for receiving and guiding the electromagnetic waves. A dielectric (28) is disposed in the waveguide (27b) to decrease the guide wavelength of the received electromagnetic waves. The dielectric (28) allows the width of the waveguide (27b) to be reduced without significantly compromising its power-carrying capability.

Abstract: A linear attenuation equalizer and a method for designing such an equalizer using the cable attenuation curve to determine the D.C. attenuation and the lower or first corner frequency. The D.C. attenuation and the lower corner frequency are used to fix the design. A curve fit technique is used to determine the cable attenuation parameter which fixes the D.C. attenuation of the equalizer. The lower corner frequency is set at between about 10% and less than about 50% of the data rate, and preferably at approximately 20% of the data rate.

Abstract: A multiple beam antenna system including a reflector that is at least partially parabolic in one dimension, a pair of dielectric lenses, and a pair of waveguides. Multiple received beams are received and reflected by the reflector into an orthogonal mode junction which separates signals of a first polarity from signals of a second orthogonal polarity. The signals of the first polarity are forwarded into a first waveguide and the orthogonal signals of the second polarity are forwarded into a second parallel waveguide. A plurality of satellites may be accessed simultaneously thus allowing the user to utilize both signals at the same time. In certain embodiments, each of the dielectric lenses may be of the bifocal type.

Abstract: A circulator having integrally formed conductors (20, 21, and 22) which may be folded to form overlaying conductors of a circulator. The circulator includes a lens (44) for shaping a biasing magnetic field distribution to compensate for non-uniformity of magnetic field strength caused by irregularities of a magnetic circuit or the shape of a magnet (45) or ferrite (40, 41). The characteristics of ferrite discs (40, 41) are preferably correlated with the characteristics of a permanent magnet (45) so that variations of permeability of the ferrite (40, 41) are minimized over a specified temperature range.

Abstract: A scanned antenna array and the ferrite scanning source controlling the array which includes a ferrite scanning line source (21) comprising a ferrite element (23) having an RF input (25), a current source (31) extending through the ferrite element and a plurality of RF outputs (27) spaced apart along the ferrite element and an antenna element (33) coupled to each of the RF outputs. Each of the RF outputs is equally spaced apart from adjacent RF outputs. The ferrite element has an input end portion and an output end portion and an axis therebetween, the RF outputs being disposed along the axis. The ferrite element comprises a pair of ferrite toroids (43, 45) spaced apart by a layer of dielectric material (47), the RF outputs (49) being disposed in the dielectric material.

Abstract: A microwave circuit having a coupler with two microstrip conductors on a front surface of a substrate, parallel to each other, and electromagnetically coupled to each other with a coupling coefficient wherein the substrate has a rear surface on which a grounding conductor is formed. A floating conductor is interposed between the microstrip conductors. A first terminal of a switching device is connected to one end of the floating conductor while a second terminal of the switching device is grounded. By selectively turning on and off the switching device, the coupling coefficient is changed.

Abstract: An impedance matching device includes a variable capacitor constituted by a non-linear dielectric thin film and an upper electrode disposed on a lower electrode formed on a substrate. The non-linear dielectric thin film is formed by a deposition, screen-printing, electroplating, or other technique, and changes its relative dielectric constant according to applied voltage. Therefore, the capacity of the variable capacitor is controlled and the impedance is matched, by simply controlling the applied voltage across the non-linear dielectric thin film. Consequently, the arrangement makes it possible to cut down the impedance matching device in size and cost, compared to an arrangement incorporating a capacitor and a coil for adjustment, effects a much simpler matching operation, and facilitates a manufacturing process.

Abstract: A very low reflection transition with tightly controlled variability between a rectangular coaxial transmission line and a microstrip transmission line. The microstrip ground plane is extended under the transition region to form the transition ground plane. The upper portion of the dielectric of the rectangular coaxial transmission line is removed at the transition region, together with the upper portion of the center conductor. The spacing between the transition center conductor and the ground plane is reduced in relation to the spacing between the rectangular coaxial line center conductor and outer conductive shield. A tuning cavity is formed in the transition ground plane beneath the transition center conductor.

Abstract: A microwave component is described with a microwave guiding arrangement for conducting electromagnetic waves and with a gyromagnetic material which is arranged in operational connection with the electromagnetic waves and which can be energized by a magnetic field of adjustable field strength in that the gyromagnetic material, at least one magnet for generating the magnetic field, and a geometrically changeable magnetic tuning element are arranged in a magnetic circuit, said tuning element having a changeable magnetic permeance for the purpose of tuning the magnetic field strength.

Abstract: The invention is a device that provides a phase-tunable antenna feed network that allows beam-steering and beam-width variation with simple actuation, at low cost, and with high rf performance. The device provides a series-feed where signal power splitters and phase-shifters are alternately disposed in series. Each phase-shifter consists of reflection-mode phase-shifter elements that operate in conjunction with an isolation device. This avoids the critical resonance condition between periodically aligned phase-shifters over the entire tuning range, since the isolation devices can easily be matched and/or aligned with non-resonant spacing. The main feed-line interconnections have the same impedance, thereby enabling the utilization of the same phase-shifter design for the entire network. Moreover, a common driving mechanism can be used for the phase-shifters to steer the antenna beam.

Abstract: An RF coupler incorporating a pair of branch circuits which combine first and second input signals supplied at the same impedance level, amplitude and phase into an output signal at the same impedance level, twice the amplitude and phase shifted with respect to the input signals when both input signals are present, and which, if only one of the input signals is present, passes that input signal through its branch circuit to the output without loss, while terminating the branch circuit associated with the absent input signal with an equal impedance.

Abstract: A broad band waveguide polarizer having four axial ridges, one on each wall of the waveguide, is disclosed. The axial ridges are configured to provide different phase velocities for the orthogonal signal components of a linearly polarized input signal. The dimensions of the ridges are selected such that the net phase difference between the signal components is about 90 degrees at a predetermined signal frequency. The quad ridge polarizer may be manufactured as an integral die cast device.

Abstract: A waveguide structure (10) that provides a transition from a polymeric waveguide (26) to a coaxial connection (48). The coaxial connection (48) includes an outer conductor (50) electrically connected to a top ground plate (36) of the waveguide (26) and an inner conductor (52) that extends into the polymeric material within the waveguide (26). The inner conductor (52) is electrically connected to a capacitive plate (56), and the capacitive plate (56) is electrically connected to an elongated conductive probe (58). The conductive probe (58) is electrically connected to a conductive post (60), which is electrically connected to a bottom ground plate (38) opposite to the top ground plate (36). The conductive probe (58) extends in a direction transverse to the propagation direction of electromagnetic waves, and acts to pick up the energy in the electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: A termination for a coaxial transmission line wherein an elongated central conductor is located in an enclosure or housing and is surrounded by a plurality of elongated resistor tubes. The central conductor is connected to the inner conductor of the transmission line and the resistor elements are connected to the outer conductor. The housing defines an inner flow chamber and a plurality of outer flow passages surrounding the inner flow chamber with the upper ends thereof communicating with the upper end of the inner flow chamber. A centrifugal blower is located at the bottom of each of the outer flow passages to generate an air flow upwardly and then through lateral ports into the upper end of the inner flow chamber, whereupon a flow proceeds downwardly in a turbulent vortex through the inner flow chamber to cool the resistor elements.

Abstract: An interconnect structure defining an interconnect transmission line for RF signal interconnection between two substrates. The interconnect structure includes an outer shield member forming an electrically conductive outer shield structure. A solid conductor pin is sized to form an inner conductor, the pin having a first pin diameter, and a head region of a second pin diameter greater than the first pin diameter, said head region formed intermediate a first pin end and a second pin end. A first dielectric tube member has an outer diameter sized in relation to an opening dimension of the shield member to fit tightly therein, and an inner tube diameter sized to receive tightly therein a first region of the pin of the first pin diameter, the first tube member having a first tube first end and a first tube second end. A second dielectric tube member has an outer diameter sized to fit tightly in the outer shield, and an inner tube diameter sized to receive tightly therein a second region of the pin.

Abstract: An unbalance-to-balance converter includes an FET and a balanced output adjusting capacitor connected between the source terminal of the FET and an earth conductor. The balanced output adjusting capacitor has a capacitance value equal to a capacitance difference Cpd-Cps between a drain side parasitic capacitance Cpd and a source side parasitic capacitance Cps. This makes it possible to solve a problem involved in a conventional unbalance-to-balance converter in that when the drain side parasitic capacitance Cpd differs from the source side parasitic capacitance Cps, a pair of balanced signals output from the drain terminal and source terminal do not have the same amplitude and are not in complete opposition.

Abstract: A module equipped with a non-radiative dielectric waveguide in accordance with this invention comprises a pair of parallel flat conductors arranged at a space of 1/2 or below of a high frequency signal wavelength .lambda. and a dielectric strip extending between these parallel flat conductors. This dielectric strip is formed from a cordierite ceramic having a dielectric constant of 4.5 to 8, especially 4.5 to 6. Conversion of an electromagnetic wave of LSM mode to an electromagnetic wave of LSE is minimal. When the module has a dielectric strip having a steep curved portion having a small radius of curvature, the transmission is possible with a low loss, and the band width of a high frequency signal is broad.