Abstract: A process for preparing a compound of the formula comprising reacting a compound of the formula wherein R3 is nitro or halo, or a salt thereof, with a compound of the formula R1SX (III) wherein X is hydrogen or alkali metal.

Abstract: A novel compound with anthraquinone structure and having the following foluma (I): wherein R1, R2 and R3 each independently is hydrogen, hydroxy, amino or C1-6 alkyl group; R4 is hydrogen, C1-18 alkyl carbonyl, C1-6 alkyl group substituted by at least a functional group; R5 is hydrogen amino or a group of the following formula wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are defined as the above; and R and R′ each independently is hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino, C1-6 alkyl group or a group of the following formula wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are defined as the above.

Abstract: This invention relates to high purity hydrogen ion buffers and in particular amino-organosulfonic acid zwitterionic compositions having low metal content. The concentration of any single metal in the composition is no greater than about 500 ppb, and ideally is less than about 20 ppb.

Abstract: The present invention relates to heavier halogen atom substituted squaraine based dyes of the formula 1 below where X is a heavier halogen atom and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof, which can be used in photodynamic therapeutical and industrial applications, and to a process for the preparation thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing acid chlorides by converting carboxylic acids with carbon oxychlorides or thionyl chloride in the presence of a catalyst adduct of an N,N-disubstituted formamide of general formula (I) and carbon oxychloride or thionyl chloride. In the formula, R1 and R2, independently from one another, mean C1- to C4-alkyl or R1 and R2 together mean a C4- or C5-alkylene chain. According to the inventive method, hydrogen chloride is added during and/or after the conversion.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the catalytic epoxidation of an alkene comprising a transition metal substituted polyoxofluorometalate and molecular oxygen with the alkene. The invention also includes transition metal substituted polyoxofluorometalates of the formula Qq[NaH2(TM)(H2O)M17F6O55]q and the molecular structure depicted in FIG. 1, where M is Mo, W, Nb, V or combinations thereof, TM is selected from Ti, V, Cr, Mn Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and the noble metals Ru, Pd, Rh, Ir, Os and Pt,, and Q is a countercation countering the charge q−, and a process for preparing such polyoxofluorometalates.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula where the variables have the meaning defined in the specification are capable of reducing serum glucose levels in diabetic mammals without the undesirable side effect of reducing serum thyroxine levels.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula where the variables have the meaning defined in the specification are capable of reducing serum glucose levels in diabetic mammals without the undesirable side effect of reducing serum thyroxine levels.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of sodium salts of statins, namely Compactin, Lovastatin and Pravastatin.

Abstract: A compound selected from 14—O—[(cycloalkyl-sulfanyl)acetyl]mutilins; 14—O—[(cycloalkyl-alkyl-sulfanyl)acetyl] mutilins; 14—O—[(cycloalkoxy)acetyl] mutilins; and 14—O—[(cycloalkyl-alkoxy)acetyl] mutilins and its use as a pharmaceutical.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for preparing p-hydroxymandelic compounds optionally substituted and their derivatives. More particularly, it concerns a method for preparing p-hydroxymandelic acid and methoxy-3 p-hydroxymandelic acid and their derivatives. The invention concerns a method for preparing p-hydroxymandelic compounds optionally substituted and their derivatives, which consists in condensing in water, in the presence of an alkaline agent, an aromatic compound bearing at least a hydroxyl group and whereof the position in para is free, with glyoxylic acid, said method being characterised in that the reaction is carried out in the presence of an efficient amount of a compound bearing at least two carboxylic functions.

Abstract: Compounds of formula A—X1—ONO2 (I) in a partially or completely amorphous form and pharmaceutical compositions thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides compounds of the formula: wherein X is (CH2)n, O, S, SO, SO2 or CR1R2; n is 1 or 2; R1 and R2 are H, halogen, hydroxy, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or R1 and R2, taken together form cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkylidene of up to 6 carbon atoms or a carbonyl; R3, R4 and R5 are H or alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Z is H, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alkanoyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or alkoxycarbonyl of 2 to 7 carbon atoms; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as well as pharmaceutical compositions and methods for their use in treating or preventing characterized by glutamate hypofunction, including schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and schizophreniform disorder, and for the treatment of cognitive deficits due to aging, stroke, Alzheimer's disease or other neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the racemization of a vinyl-substituted cyclopropanecarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof, which is characterized by reacting an optically active vinyl-substituted cyclopropanecarboxylic acid compound of formula (1): wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, alkyl which may be substituted having 1-4 carbon atoms, aryl which may be substituted, or alkoxycarbonyl which may be substituted, or R1 and R2 are bonded to form an alkylene group, which may be substituted; and wherein X represents hydroxyl, a halogen atom, alkoxy which may be substituted having 1-20 carbon atoms, or aryloxy which may be substituted, with a nitric compound or a nitrogen oxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new microbial process for the preparation of the compound formula (I): from a compound of general formula (II): wherein R stands for an alkali metal or ammonium ion, by the submerged cultivation of a mold strain able to 6&bgr;-hydroxylate a compound of the Formula (II) in aerobic fermentation and by the separation and purification of the product of Formula (I) formed in the course of the bioconversion. The process comprises cultivating a strain of Mortierella maculata filamentous mold species that is able to 6&bgr;-hydroxylate a compound of the general Formula (II), on a nutrient medium containing assimilable carbon and nitrogen sources and mineral salts and separating the product formed from the fermentation broth, then isolating the compound of formula (I) and purifying the same. Novel strains of Mortierella maculata are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides an intermediate compound used for synthesis of polyene chain structure, that is an important moiety of carotenoid compounds, a process for preparing the same, and carotenoid polyene chain compounds prepared by using the intermediate, and, in particular, a process for preparing lycopene. The process for preparing the carotenoid polyene chain compound employs an allylic sulfone compound as starting material, which is reacted with C-5 sulfide compound to extend the carbon chain. The resultant thio-sulfone compound is oxidized, and the obtained disulfone compound is combined with C-10 di(haloallylic) sulfide compound to form a chain compound containing the desired number of carbon atoms. Then, the diallylic sulfone obtained by oxidation of the diallylic sulfide is subjected to Ramberg-Baklund reaction in order to form the central triene bond. After removal of sulfonyl groups, carotenoid polyene chain compound is obtained.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the preparation of lactic acid and calcium sulphate, in which (a) an aqueous solution that contains lactate is reacted with sulphuric acid at a temperature that is essentially higher than the transition temperature of calcium sulphate dihydrate (CaSO4.2H2O), with the formation of a mixture that contains calcium sulphate hemihydrate and lactic acid, (b) the mixture from step (a) is subjected to at least one recrystallisation step at a temperature that is essentially lower than the transition temperature of calcium sulphate dihydrate, with the formation of a precipitate of calcium sulphate dihydrate and an aqueous solution of lactic acid, and (c) the precipitate of calcium sulphate dihydrate is separated off from the aqueous solution of lactic acid.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the preparation and isolation of compound of formula 2, comprising the following steps: oxidizing Flumethasone dissolved in a tetrahydrofuran-water mixture with periodic acid at a temperature lower than 30° C.; cooling the reaction mixture to a temperature lower than 10° C.; adding an antisolvent precooled to a temperature lower than 10° C.; and separating the precipitated crystal by filtration, whereby there is obtained a compound of formula 2 in a yield of at least 98% and of a chromatographic purity of at least 99%.

Abstract: Vinyl ether compounds having the formula: R—O—X—O—CH═CH2 wherein R is a radical selected from R1—CnHm—, R1—CnHm—C(═O)—, R1—CnHm—CH[—O—X—O—CH═CH2—], R1—CnHm—CH[—O—X—O—CH═CH2—]C(═O)—, R1—CnHm—CH[—C(═O)—O—X—O—CH═CH2—], R1—CnHm—CH[—C(═O)—O—X—O—CH═CH2—]C(═O)—, R1—[CFCl—CF2—]pCH2— and HCFCl—CF2—, wherein R1 is hydrogen, an unsubstituted or substituted fluorinated aliphatic radical, an unsubstituted or substituted fluorinated cyclic aliphatic radical, an unsubstituted or substituted fluorinated aromatic radical, an unsubstituted or substituted fluorinated araliphatic radical, or an unsubstituted or substituted fluorinated heterocyclic rad

Abstract: An industrially advantageous process for producing optically active 4-amino-2-methylbutane-1-ol which is useful as an intermediate in synthesizing optically active medicines and pesticides. Racemic 4-amino-2-methylbutane-1-ol is treated with an optically active organic acid. The diastereomeric salt thus obtained is crystallized out and subjected to solid-liquid separation to give optically active 4-amino-2-methylbutane-1-ol. The diastereomeric salt of optically active 4-amino-2-methylbutane-1-ol with an optically active reagent for optical resolution is decomposed by bringing into contact with a solvent and an alkali and subjected to solid-liquid separation, thereby recovering the optically active 4-amino-2-methylbutane-1-ol from the filtrate. Further, the filtration residue containing the alkali salt of the reagent for optical resolution obtained by the solid-liquid separation is brought into contact with a solvent and an acid.