Abstract: This disclosure discloses an optical sensing device. The device includes a carrier body having a topmost surface; a first light-emitting device disposed on the carrier body and having a light-emitting surface; and a light-receiving device comprising a group III-V semiconductor material disposed on the carrier body and having a light-receiving surface. The light-emitting surface is separated from the topmost surface by first distant H1, the light-receiving surface is separated from the topmost surface by a second distance H2, and H1 is different from H2.

Abstract: A system for stiffening a structure has at least one pair of tie rods (3), each tie rod (3) of the pair of tie rods (3) having a first end (4) fastened to the structure (2) and a second end (5), and at least one device (6) for tensioning the tie rods (3) having a deformable linking element (7) fastened to the second end (5) of each tie rod (3) so as to connect the tie rods (3). An actuator (10) is configured to deform the linking element (7) so as to make it pass from an inactive configuration in which the tie rods (3) are in a first state of tension to an active configuration in which the tie rods (3) are in a second state of tension, different than the first state of tension.

Abstract: A rain and temperature sensing module including a housing having a cover plate formed of a transparent material, a printed circuit board disposed within the housing and having a light emitter, a light receiver, and a temperature sensing element disposed thereon, a transparent compound disposed within the housing and covering the light emitter, the light receiver, and the temperature sensing element, the transparent compound filling a space between the printed circuit board and the cover plate, wherein the transparent compound has a refractive index that is substantially equal to a refractive index of the cover plate, and wherein the transparent compound provides a thermally conductive medium between the cover plate and the temperature sensing element.

Abstract: Examples described herein relate to a ring resonator. The ring resonator may include an annular waveguide having a waveguide base and a waveguide core narrower than the waveguide base. Further, the ring resonator may include an outer contact region comprising a first-type doping and disposed annularly and at least partially surrounding an outer annular surface of the waveguide base. Furthermore, the ring resonator may include an inner contact region comprising a second-type doping and disposed annularly contacting an inner annular surface of the waveguide base. Moreover, the ring resonator may include an annular detector region disposed annularly at a distance from and covering at least a portion of a surface of the waveguide core and contacting the outer contact region.

Abstract: In an embodiments, a method for operating a time-of-flight (ToF) ranging array includes: illuminating a field-of-view (FoV) of the ToF ranging array with radiation pulses; receiving reflected radiation pulses with a plurality of single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) in a region of interest (ROI) of the ToF ranging array, the plurality of SPADs arranged in a plurality of SPAD clusters; determining an ambient count of ambient light events generated by SPADs of a first SPAD cluster of the plurality of SPAD clusters; and gating an output of the first SPAD cluster based on the ambient count.

Abstract: A method of detecting a condition of a light source includes adhering an adhesive tape platform in a vicinity of the light source; detecting light emitted from the light source that is incident to a light sensor of the adhesive tape platform; in response to the detecting light, determining that the light source is functioning correctly; and transmitting a report indicating that the light source is functioning to another node of an associated Internet of Things (IOT) system.

Abstract: A system for generating clock signals for a photonic quantum computing system includes a pump photon source configured to generate a plurality of pump photon pulses at a first repetition rate, a waveguide optically coupled to the pump photon source, and a photon-pair source optically coupled to the first waveguide. The system also includes a photodetector optically coupled to the photon-pair source and configured to generate a plurality of electrical pulses in response to detection of at least a portion of the plurality of pump photon pulses at the first repetition rate and a clock generator coupled to the photodetector and configured to convert the plurality of electrical pulses into a plurality of clock signals at the first repetition rate.

Abstract: A hand-held nonlethal weapon comprises a body and a battery coupled to the body. The hand-held nonlethal weapon further comprises a power supply operably coupled to the battery. The hand-held nonlethal weapon further comprises a power amplifier operably coupled to the power supply. The power amplifier is operable to produce a nonlethal beam of energy. The hand-held nonlethal weapon further comprises a beamformer operably coupled to the power amplifier, the beamformer being operable to shape and direct a nonlethal beam of energy. The hand-held nonlethal weapon further comprises a trigger coupled to the body and operably coupled to the power amplifier and to the beamformer, wherein the trigger is operable to be activated and wherein activating the trigger is operable to initiate the formation of a nonlethal beam of energy and wherein the nonlethal beam of energy is operable to be projected from the body.

Abstract: A luminometer (400) includes a light detector (630) configured to sense photons (135). The luminometer (400) includes an analog circuit (915a) configured to provide an analog signal (965) based on the photons (135) emitted from assay reactions over a time period and a counter circuit (915b) configured to provide a photon count (970) based on the photons (135) emitted from the assay reactions over the time period. The luminometer (400) includes a luminometer controller (905) configured to, in response to an analog signal value of the analog signal (965) being greater than a predetermined value, determine and report a measurement value of the photons (135) emitted from the assay reactions over the time period based on the analog signal value of the analog signal (965) and a linear function (1010). Optionally, the linear function (1010) is derived from a relationship between the analog signal (965) and the photon count (970).

Abstract: A digital isolator can include: an encoding circuit configured to receive an input digital signal, and to generate an encoded signal according to the input digital signal; an isolation element having a primary winding, a first secondary winding, and a second secondary winding; a differential circuit configured to receive first and second differential signals, and to generate a difference signal according to the first and second differential signals; and a decoding circuit coupled with the differential circuit, and being configured to receive the difference signal, and to generate a target digital signal after decoding.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to devices, light detection and ranging (lidar) systems, and vehicles involving solid-state, single photon detectors. An example device includes a substrate defining a primary plane and a plurality of photodetector cells disposed along the primary plane. The plurality of photodetector cells includes at least one large-area cell and at least one small-area cell. The large-area cell has a first area and the small-area cell has a second area and the first area is greater than the second area. The device also includes read out circuitry coupled to the plurality of photodetector cells. The read out circuitry is configured to provide an output signal based on incident light detected by the plurality of photodetector cells.

Abstract: An optical concentration measurement device includes an LED light source, alight receiving unit having a rectangular light receiving surface and outputting a detection signal representing intensity of received light, and light guiding units guiding light emitted by the LED light source to the light receiving unit, wherein a shape on the rectangular light receiving surface of light radiated on the light receiving surface is rectangular, the optical concentration measurement device measures concentration of an object to be measured existing in a light path formed by the light guiding units, based on the detection signal output from the light receiving unit, and the light guiding units guide light at a diffraction limit or greater in such a way that area of the light on the rectangular light receiving surface is ½ or less of area of the rectangular light receiving surface.

Abstract: Disclosed are a decoherence processing method and system, and a coherent light receiving apparatus. The coherent light receiving apparatus comprises a plurality of photoelectric conversion units. The method comprises: performing phase comparison between electric signals, obtained by means of conversion performed by at least two of a plurality of photoelectric conversion units, and a reference signal to obtain a corresponding phase difference; according to the obtained phase difference, respectively performing phase compensation on the electric signals obtained by means of conversion performed by the at least two photoelectric conversion units, so as to obtain at least two compensated electric signals of the photoelectric conversion units; and using the at least two compensated electric signals of the photoelectric conversion units to superpose and output electric signals.

Abstract: A single photon counting sensor array includes one or more emitters configured to emit a plurality of pulses of energy, and a detector array comprising a plurality of pixels. Each pixel includes one or more detectors, a plurality of which are configured to receive reflected pulses of energy that were emitted by the one or more emitters. A mask material is positioned to cover some but not all of the detectors of the plurality of pixels to yield blocked pixels and unblocked pixels so that each blocked pixel is prevented from detecting the reflected pulses of energy and therefore only detects intrinsic noise.

Abstract: An exemplary system includes a light source and a control circuit configured to apply voltage having a first polarity to the light source for a first time period to provide a threshold charge for the light source to start an emission of a light pulse that is directed at a target within a body. The control circuit is further configured to apply voltage having a second polarity opposite the first polarity to the light source for a second time period subsequent to the first time period to discharge the light source to stop the emission of the light pulse.

Abstract: An exemplary optical measurement system includes a signal generator configured to generate a signal and a processing unit configured to direct the signal generator to apply the signal to a component within the optical measurement system, generate, based on a response of the component to the signal, characterization data representative of a timing uncertainty associated with the component, and perform, based on the characterization data, an action associated with the component.

Abstract: A photodetector includes: at least one avalanche photodiode including a first semiconductor layer of a first conductivity type and a second semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type; a first transistor connected to the first semiconductor layer and including a channel of the second conductivity type that has polarity opposite to polarity of the first conductivity type; and a second transistor connected to the first semiconductor layer and including a channel of the first conductivity type.

Abstract: A photodetector device includes an avalanche photodiode array substrate formed from compound semiconductor. A plurality of avalanche photodiodes arranged to operate in a Geiger mode are two-dimensionally arranged on the avalanche photodiode array substrate. A circuit substrate includes a plurality of output units which are connected to each other in parallel to form at least one channel. Each of the output units includes a passive quenching element and a capacitative element. The passive quenching element is connected in series to at least one of the plurality of avalanche photodiodes. The capacitative element is connected in series to at least one of the avalanche photodiodes and is connected in parallel to the passive quenching element.

Abstract: The multi-photon microscope comprises a repetition rate tuner that lowers an optical pulse train emitted from a pulsed laser to a repetition rate for time-gated detection, a scanner that scans the optical pulse train transmitted from the repetition rate tuner in x-axis and y-axis directions, an objective lens that irradiates an optical signal scanned by the scanner to the sample and acquires a fluorescence signal emitted from the excited fluorescent material, a photodetector that photoelectrically converts the fluorescence signal acquired by the objective lens, an amplifier that converts a current signal output from the photodetector into a voltage signal, a digitizer that samples the voltage signal output from the amplifier, and a computing device that separates sampling data output from the digitizer with a detection window set in time domain, and generates an image based on the sampling data separated by the detection window.

Abstract: A light-receiving device includes: a plurality of light-receiving elements arranged in a row on a main surface of a substrate and a first reflection surface and a second reflection surface formed on the substrate to extend in the arrangement direction with the row of the plurality of light-receiving elements interposed therebetween. Each of the first reflection surface and the second reflection surface includes an inclined surface forming one flat surface formed from a main surface of the substrate on which each light-receiving element is formed to a back surface side of the substrate.