Abstract: A mandrel (12) that is used for supporting a glass soot cylinder during consolidation into anoptical fiber preform is coated by chemical vapor deposition with a material selected from the group consisting of pyrolytic graphite and pyrolytic boron nitride.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for wetting a paper web in a calendering step by using water-containing microcapsules in the surface structure layer of the paper web, said microcapsules being ruptured in the calendering step whereby water is released. The invention also relates to microcapsules comprising a water-impermeable shell and an interior substantially comprising water, and having a diameter of 0.1 to 100 .mu.m and a shell thickness of 0.01 to 5 .mu.m.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are shown for cladding grown single crystal optical fibers. Neodymium YAG fibers are clad with a high index glass, either melted around the fiber in a trough or extruded over the fiber surface. Lithium niobate fibers are clad through an impregnation process. The lithium niobate fiber is first coated with magnesium oxide and then heated to a temperature and for a time sufficient for the magnesium oxide dopant material to diffuse into the fiber. The dopant lowers the intrinsic refractive indices of the fiber material around its circumference, creating a cladding region around the fiber core. Single crystal fibers clad by these methods and combined with suitable pumping means or with deposited electrodes provide low-loss single mode optical components useful for amplification, electro-optical effects and acousto-optical effects.

Abstract: A method for producing an optical multiple fiber unit wherein a multiplicity of optical fibers are fused together with each other and each optical fiber has a core made of pure silica glass and a cladding layer made of silica glass containing a dopant and disposed on the core, by bundling a multiplicity of preforms corresponding to the optical fibers and drawing the bundle at a high temperture using the optical fiber preforms, preforms having a three-layer construction wherein a support layer made of a silica glass having a drawable temperture of at least 1,800.degree. C. is further disposed on the cladding layer, and drawing the bundle of the preforms to give a multiple fiber wherein the support layer of each optical fiber has a thickness of 0.01 to 1 .mu.m, in order to produce a multiple fiber in which the cladding layer of each optical fiber has a sufficient thickness to fulfill the function as a cladding layer and which has an excellent image-transmitting capacity.

Abstract: A multi-stage process, and apparatus for carrying out the process, are provided for refining lignocellulose containing material at high consistency. The lignocellulose material is pretreated to form a mixture of the lignocellulose material and pressurized steam conveyed via the pressure of the pressurized steam to a first refiner, wherein the lignocellulose material is conveyed mechanically into a first refining zone within the first refiner while causing the pressurized steam in the mixture to pass in reverse direction to the lignocellulose to a steam venting outlet to vent the steam from the first refiner. The lignocellulose material fed into the first refining zone is subjected to refining action thereby producing a mixture of partially refined lignocellulose material and pressurized steam developed during the refining action.

Abstract: A spray marking nozzle includes features allowing it to perform well for fast marking of materials. The nozzle utilizes gas as a transport medium to carry liquid to the target material as a spray. Features of the nozzle allow it to be constructed economically in a compact size and to be controlled at high speed with little or no carry over spray and over a wide range of liquid and gas pressures.

Abstract: A developer material coating apparatus for electrostatically coating developer material on a support member in a developer material coating region to form a developer sheet, comprising a counter electrode roller for feeding the support member through the developer material coating region while carrying the support member thereof, a carry roller for triboelectrically charging the developer material and electrostatically supplying the charged developer material to the support member disposed in the developer material coating region, at least one array of electrodes arranged along the inner surface of the counter electrode roller and a control unit for selectively supplying said electrodes with a voltage having an opposite polarity to that of the charged developer material to thereby coat the developer material on a desired portion of the support member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for forming fibrous paper or board web on a double wire section of a paper machine. The double wire section includes a first wire loop and a second wire loop. In a first dewatering zone of the double wire section where the paths of both wire loops are substantially linear, the web direction is adjustably deviated towards the second wire loop. In a second dewatering zone located after the first dewatering zone, the web is curved towards the first wire loop to form a curved dewatering zone. In the linear dewatering zone, the second wire loop is loaded towards the first wire loop with wire support members. In the curved dewatering zone, the compression between the wires is effected by adjustably tightening the wires.

Abstract: A developer material coating apparatus comprising a developer material coating unit for triboelectrically charging the developer material and electrostatically supplying the charged developer material to the support member in the developer material coating region, the developer material coating unit including a carry roller rotatable around a rotational axis thereof for carrying thereon and feeding the charged developer material to the developer material coating region, and a support member feeding unit for feeding the support member to the developer material coating region while carrying the support member thereon, the support member feeding unit having a coating plane in the developer material coating region on which the support member is disposed so as to be electrostatically coated with the developer material and a guide unit for feeding the support member along the coating plane in a predetermined feeding direction, and wherein the carry roller is disposed at a predetermined interval away from the coatin

Abstract: A process for manufacturing glass objects such as bottles, in which a cold fluid containing a cryogen is sprayed around and/or under the bottles in the region of the transfer tongs and/or of the standby table in order to accelerate the cooling of the bottles and improve the quality of the latter and the productivity of the manufacturing machines. This cooling may be accompanied by a localized, or complete quenching of the bottle.

Abstract: There is provided a drawing process for producing an optical fiber which comprises drawing the optical fiber from a preform therefor under tension to form the optical fiber while heating and melting the preform, wherein an outer diameter of the optical fiber on which no coating has been provided is measured at a position at which shrinkage of the outer diameter of the optical fiber, while stretched, is not larger than 0.5% and drawing conditions are controlled based on the deviation of the measured diameter from a preselected outer diameter.

Abstract: Several embodiments of apparatus for producing disposable absorbent personal articles are disclosed. According to one embodiment, apparatus is disclosed for depositing superabsorbent polymer powder on a portion of a fluff mat in a given concentration greater than zero and a second, different concentration of superabsorbent polymer powder on another portion of a fluff layer, so that there is a heavier concentration of super absorbent polymer in a target area than in areas adjacent the target area. Such apparatus has a dosing cylinder with a discontinuous outer cylindrical surface which has a pattern of first dosing depressions adjacent to a pattern of second dosing depressions. The dosing cylinder is rotated through a polymer powder hopper and powder received in the first and second depressions is sequentially discharged from the hopper and deposited on a fluff substrate in alternating areas of high powder concentration and low powder concentration.

Abstract: A process for improving the life of papermaking belts containing a cured photosensitive polymeric resin is disclosed. The process includes the continuous application of an effective amount of chemical compounds capable of slowing down the degradation rate of the photosensitive polymeric resin to the belt's surface during the papermaking operation. Preferably, the chemical compounds are antioxidants which inhibit or retard oxidation of the cured resin and its ensuing degradative effects.

Abstract: In a diagnostic apparatus system, a one piece porous substrate is located in a container. The substrate serves both to extract an antigen in or on a top layer with the remainder of the substrate serving as a reservoir. The pores in the top surface of the substrate are microscopic for entrapment of microspheres carrying antibodies. A target antigen in a test sample attaches to the antibodies when the test sample is poured through the top layer. The pores in all but the top layer of the substrate have a much greater pore size to define the reservoir portion of the substrate. The invention also includes a method of casting a microporous matrix in surfaces of a plurality of macroporous slugs.

Abstract: A rigid, self-supporting, acoustical mineral fiberboard comprising a mixture of about 50 to 70 weight percent of mineral fibers, 15 to 35 weight percent of perlite, 1 to 10 weight percent of cellulosic fibers, and 4 to 15 weight percent of a binder with the proviso that the board forming solids do not include any clay filler. A pattern is formed on the fiberboard after the fiberboard has been dried.

Abstract: A shield for use with vehicle wheels and having an annular shield wall, with an annular inner flange defining a generally circular inner opening to embrace a wheel rim and an outer edge and two ends, and having in section a shallow flared shape and tensioning devices on the two ends which can be interconnected and which can progressively draw these two ends together into overlapping relationship in overlying planes, tensioning of the two ends progressively increasing the flaring angle of the annular shield wall, and at the same time progressively reducing the diameter of the generally circular inner opening to cause the inner flange to clamp around the wheel rim.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a screening apparatus (1) for screening pulp. In the method, the maximum length of fibres and shives flowing through holes (4a) in a screen drum (4) is adjusted by moving blades (8) with a sharp front edge close to the surface of the screen drum (4) in such a manner that the sharp edge (8a) of the front face moving closest to the drum surface strikes shives or long fibers passing through the hole (4a) and pulls them back. The rate of travel of the blades (8) is so adjusted that the pulp flows in the hole (4a) only over a distance corresponding to the predetermined fiber length during the interval between the front edge of two successive blades (8). The screening apparatus (1) comprises blades (8) moving in parallel with the surface of the screen drum (4). The front edge of the blades defines in cross-section a sharp angle, the point of the angle defined by the front edge moving closest to the surface of the screen drum (4).

Abstract: Deinking of paper having print during the production of recycled paper is accomplished by a froth flotation process using a hydrocyclone. A finely comminuted liquid solids used paper suspension having a consistency of about 1 to 4% is introduced into a generally vertical axis vortex provided in a hydrocyclone. Air is sparged into the suspension in the vortex, by passing through a porous inner wall of the hydrocyclone, to cause ink particles to attach to the air bubbles and to rise in a foam while cellulosic pulp moves downwardly in the vortex. The foam--containing the ink particles--and the pulp are removed from the vortex in separate streams. The pulp is deaerated and the air component of the foam is removed in the cyclone. About 5-15% of the total flow of the suspension is removed with the foam in each stage, and about 95-85% with the pulp.

Abstract: In a continuous digester for paper pulp (comminuted cellulosic material), abrupt variations in high pressure steam flow are minimized. First and second vertically spaced annular screens are provided in a vertical vessel. Each has an annular header associated with it and first and second circumferentially spaced liquid outlets associated with each header. The first outlet for the first screen is generally vertically in line with the first outlet for the second screen, and the second outlet of the first screen is generally vertically in line with the second outlet of the second screen. Simultaneous withdrawal of liquid from the first outlet of the first screen and the second outlet of the second screen takes place, and then is terminated, and then simultaneous withdrawal of liquid from the second outlet of the first screen and the first outlet of the second screen takes place, and then is terminated. This withdrawal sequence is repeated continously.

Abstract: A vibratory article coating and conveying apparatus for coating articles with a surface coating material and conveying the coated articles. The apparatus has a base, a coating material reservoir located above the base for containing the article coating material and for receiving the articles to be coated, and a vertical helical conveying flight structure having its bottom inlet end in open communication with the reservoir to receive coated articles from the reservoir and for conveying the coated articles upwardly out of the reservoir to an article discharge at the top of the flight structure. A vibratory force generating device is associated with the reservoir and the helical conveying flight structure to impart a cyclical generally torsional motion to the reservoir and helical conveyor flight.