Abstract: A gamma densitometer window comprises a plate of non-metallic, preferably gamma transparent, material. The window further comprises a metallic frame member fitted around the outer edge of the plate and adapted to pre-load the plate with a compressive stress that is sufficiently high such that the sum of the compressive stress, tensile stress and shear stress components generated in the plate under high-pressure conditions is always compressive. The window is fabricated by shrink fitting the metallic frame member around the outer edge of the plate at a shrink-fit temperature such that the metallic frame member applies a compressive stress to the plate at any temperature below the shrink-fit temperature.

Abstract: For a novice user to easily recognize a difference between imaging results caused by a difference between observation conditions, a computer has an operation screen display observation target setting buttons for changing an observation condition for a specimen including a combination of parameter setting values of a charged particle beam apparatus. The processing unit has the operation screen display a radar chart including a characteristic, indicated by three or more incompatible items, of an observation condition for each of the observation target setting buttons. The radar chart indicates at least items of high resolution, emphasis on surface structure and emphasis on material difference.

Abstract: Systems and methods for imaging an object using backscattered radiation are described. The imaging system comprises both a radiation source for irradiating an object that is rotationally movable about the object, and a detector for detecting backscattered radiation from the object that can be disposed on substantially the same side of the object as the source and which can be rotationally movable about the object. The detector can be separated into multiple detector segments with each segment having a single line of sight projection through the object and so detects radiation along that line of sight. Thus, each detector segment can isolate the desired component of the backscattered radiation. By moving independently of each other about the object, the source and detector can collect multiple images of the object at different angles of rotation and generate a three dimensional reconstruction of the object. Other embodiments are described.

Abstract: An electrical connector for use in electron microscopy sample holders. The electrical connector provides electrical contacts to the sample support devices which are positioned in the sample holders for electrical, temperature and/or electrochemical control.

Abstract: Systems, devices, circuits, and methods are provided for an improved mass spectrometry detection system that comprises at least one component that operates at a high voltage. A number of high voltage filters or circuits are provided for reducing noise from high voltage power supplies that produce positive and negative voltages. In some embodiments, the filters can comprise one or more diodes. In some embodiments, the filters can comprise one or more transistors. In some embodiments, the filters can comprise one or more transistor pairs. A variety of embodiments of systems, devices, circuits, and methods in conjunction with the disclosures are provided.

Abstract: A charged-particle beam drawing apparatus has an airtight first elastic tube that is provided on an outer surface of the vacuum chamber and communicates with an inner space of the vacuum chamber, a vibrator that is airtight and provided at an end of the first elastic tube at an opposite side to the vacuum chamber, and communicates with an inner space of the first elastic tube, a second elastic tube that is airtight and provided at an end of the vibrator at an opposite side to the first elastic tube and communicates with an inner space of the vibrator, a terminal closer that is provided at an end of the second elastic tube at an opposite side to the vibrator, and closes the end of the second elastic tube, and a gap holder to keep a gap between the outer surface of the vacuum chamber and the terminal member.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to substance detection technology, and to signal extraction circuits and methods for ion mobility tubes, and ion mobility detectors, which can solve the problem with the conventional technologies that it is difficult to design and manufacture the leadout circuit for the pulsed voltage on the Faraday plates. A signal extraction circuit for an ion mobility tube includes an DC-blocking module configured to remove a DC voltage contained in a voltage extracted, by a signal leadin terminal, from the Faraday plate, and to output, by a signal leadout terminal, a pulsed voltage contained in the voltage extracted from the Faraday plate. An ion mobility detector includes the signal extraction circuit for an ion mobility tube according to the present invention.

Abstract: An ion lens for reducing contaminant effects in an ion guide of a mass spectrometer is provided. The ion lens comprises a structural member comprising an orifice of a given radius, the structural member for supporting the ion lens at an exit region of the ion guide. The ion lens further comprises a conical member extending from the structural member, the conical member being hollow and comprising a given cone angle, and a base of the given radius, a perimeter of the base connected to a perimeter of the orifice. The conical member further comprises an aperture through an apex of the conical member, the aperture for receiving ions there through from the ion guide.

Abstract: There provided a device for effectively drawing a fine pattern using a permanent magnet. The device has an outer cylinder 201 composed of a cylindrical ferromagnet with a Z axis as a central axis, a cylindrical permanent magnet 202 located inside the outer cylinder and polarized along the Z axis direction, a correction coil 204 located inside the cylindrical permanent magnet with a gap from the cylindrical permanent magnet, for adjusting a magnetic field strength generated by the cylindrical permanent magnet along the Z axis direction, and a coolant passage 203 located in the gap between the cylindrical permanent magnet and the correction coil, for allowing a coolant to flow therethrough and controlling temperature changes in the cylindrical permanent magnet.

Abstract: A mobile X-ray imaging apparatus includes: a mobile cart having a casing as an exterior member; an X-ray generation unit that can be stored in the casing; a handle portion arranged on an upper portion of the casing; and a movable portion having the handle portion and configured to be alternately stored in and pulled out from the casing, wherein an upper portion of the movable portion is pulled out in an inclined state from the mobile cart through a drawing-out operation performed on the handle portion by the operator.

Abstract: A radiation source includes a beam generator configured to generate a radiation beam to be used to produce a radiation output of the radiation source, and a beam monitor, configured to monitor the radiation beam. A lithographic apparatus includes the radiation source. A device manufacturing method includes generating a first type of radiation by utilizing a beam of a second type of radiation, monitoring a quality of the second type of radiation, and projecting a patterned beam of the first type of radiation onto a substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ion trap mass spectrometer using a cold electron source, in a production of a portable mass spectrometer, in which a microchannel plate (MCP) module is used, initial electrons are induced by injecting ultraviolet photons emitted from an ultraviolet diode to a front surface of the MCP module, electron beams amplified from the electrons are amplified using a channeltron electron multiplier (CEM), the amplified electron beams are accurately adjusted and injected into an ion trap, thus increasing the amplification rate, and since a quadrupole field is used as an ion filter which returns the initially injected electrons to the inside of an ion trap mass separator, the ionization rate increases.

Abstract: A method and device is disclosed for the generation of high-contrast, localized sinusoidal patterns or stepped-intensity modulated patterns from spatially non-coherent or coherent illumination, and using such patterns for imaging the internal features of objects.

Abstract: A method for time-resolved tomosynthesis imaging for a moving object includes moving an imaging device having an x-ray source and an x-ray detector around the moving object and recording raw image data for a temporal series of tomosynthesis images. The method also includes reconstructing the temporal series of tomosynthesis images from the raw image data. While the imaging device is being moved, a motion speed of the imaging device is matched to a speed, at which the moving object is moving.

Abstract: Provided is a stereo imaging apparatus that generates X-rays from a plurality of different focal positions and that acquires a plurality of X-ray images from an X-ray detector, the stereo imaging apparatus including X-ray generation controlling means for controlling irradiated areas of X-rays so that an irradiated area in a detection area of the X-ray detector based on X-rays applied from a first focal position is included in an irradiated area in the detection area based on X-rays applied from a second focal position.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for positioning an arrangement of at least one beam position relative to a patient's body when the patient is placed for treatment by means of a treatment device which can emit treatment radiation, wherein the at least one beam position describes at least one position of at least one treatment beam, wherein the arrangement is referred to as the treatment arrangement and the treatment beam comprises the treatment radiation, wherein the method is executed by a computer and comprises the following steps: providing treatment beam absorption data which describe the absorption properties of the at least part of the body with respect to absorbing the treatment radiation, and the relative position between the at least part of the body and the treatment arrangement; providing treatment beam data which describe radiation properties of the at least one treatment beam; providing condition data which describe a condition for treating the at least part of the body; determining an

Abstract: A method for geometric calibration of a CT scanner, including, for each row of at least one row of detector cells, establishing a complete geometric description of the CT scanner, including at least one unknown geometric parameter, establishing a description of a forward projection function using the complete geometric description, acquiring actual projection coordinates of a calibration phantom placed in a scanning field of view (SFOV) on a current row of detector cells and corresponding to a plurality of angles, acquiring calculated projection coordinates of the calibration phantom on the current row of detector cells and corresponding to the plurality of angles using the description of the forward projection function, and acquiring a calibrated value for the at least one unknown geometric parameter by evaluating the at least one unknown geometric parameter based on the acquired actual projection coordinates and calculated projection coordinates via a nonlinear least square fitting algorithm.

Abstract: A tandem instrument using a variable frequency pulsed ionization source and two separation techniques, low (IMS) and high (FAIMS) field mobility is provided. The analytical stage features a field driven FAIMS cell embedded on-axis within the IMS drift tube. The FAIMS cell includes two parallel grids of approximately the same diameter as the IMS rings and can be placed anywhere along the drift tube and biased according to their location in the voltage divider ladder to create the same IMS field. The spacing between the grids constitutes the analytical gap where ions are subject, in addition to the drift field, to the asymmetric dispersive field of the FAIMS. The oscillatory motion performed during the high and low voltages of the asymmetric waveform separates the ions according to the difference in their mobilities.

Abstract: A CT imaging system and a method for determining a CT collimator slit profile. The method includes determining a profile of two opposite edges of the collimator slit in a longitudinal direction thereof based on the following: a vertical distance between a focus of a radiation source to the collimator slit, a vertical distance between the focus and the radiation detector, an inclination angle between adjacent detector elements, a length of each detector element, a desired width of projection on the radiation detector by the radiation rays passing through the slit whose longitudinal edge profile is to be determined, and an offset angle of a connecting line from a point on a longitudinal center line of the slit to the focus relative to a plane passing said focus and perpendicular to the slit.

Abstract: An X-ray CT apparatus includes an X-ray tube, X-ray detector detecting the X-rays transmitted through an object, data acquisition unit acquiring projection data of the object based on an output from the X-ray detector, bed driving control unit moving a top to place the object along a long-axis direction of the top, image processing unit generating a reconstructed image based on the projection data, positional shift amount detection unit detecting a shift amount of a relative position between the top and the object, and positional shift processing unit performing processing based on a detection result obtained by the positional shift amount detection unit, in accordance with movement of the top by the bed driving control unit.