Abstract: Ultraviolet light is emitted mainly with 185 nm in wave length so that a thick silicon layer is fabricated by decomposition of silane gas at a high deposition speed. As a light source, a bulb is filled with an amount of mercury gas without dosing argon gas which enhances preferentially light with 254 nm in wave length.

Abstract: A Batcher-banyan network which may be implemented using only two different IC chip designs is disclosed. The chips comprising the Batcher banyan network are arranged in adjacent horizontal and vertical stacks to minimize the lengths of electrical conductors connecting the chips.

Abstract: In a bit-serial type data transmission system using the interruption of clock pulses in the timing message to identify separate data word groups in the data messages, a method and apparatus for recovering the transmitter clock oscillator frequency and thereby identifying the interruption interval. The method and apparatus in addition provide signals which may be employed to control the reception of the serial data word groups, to indicate the availability of the data groups as bit-parallel words, and to provide for the retransmission of the received data word groups or the transmission of other word groups.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp comprising a discharge vessel provided with an external auxiliary electrode connected to a starter circuit in the lamp. The starter circuit comprises a voltage division circuit between the connection terminals of the lamp and parallel to the discharge path. A switching element of the starter circuit shunts the voltage division circuit in part and is electrically connected to a control electrode of a semiconductor switch, connected in series with the discharge path and in parallel with the voltage division circuit. As a result a starter circuit and a lamp current limiting circuit are thus combined in the lamp.

Abstract: A method of reversibly compressing a sequence x(k) of information-carrying symbols, preferably digital signals which can assume Q discrete values, K being an index assuming integral number values, and consists in that the sequence x(k) is processed in means (1) to form a residue w(k), whereafter a modulo Q operation is carried out on the residue w(k). The modulo Q reducing sequence w(k) is finally encoded to form a compressed sequence n(k), which contains the same information as the original sequence x(k). In reconstructing the sequence x(k), the compressed sequence n(k) is decoded and subsequently processed in inversion means (5) to form a sequence y(k), on which a modulo Q operation is carried out, whereby the original sequence n(k) is obtained. An apparatus for carrying out the method includes means (1), means (2) for carrying out the modulo Q operations and an encoder (3).

Abstract: In an exemplary embodiment, a test pattern is sent by a base station at a suitable point in a communications protocol. According to the evaluation of the test pattern transmission, a relatively high data rate or a lower more conservative data rate is selected for the transmission of a relatively lengthy data message. In the most general case, the test pattern can comprise a query from a mobile unit having a message to send, and such test pattern can be transmitted at the lower data rate where its transmission characteristics (e.g. signal strength, jitter or quality of transmission of known information) can be used to predict probable feasibility of transmission at the higher data rate.

Abstract: A multi-channel wideband monomode optical fibre network having at least one transmitting station and a plurality of receiving terminals connected to the transmitting station by monomode optical fibres. One or more sources of temporally coherent optical power, for example laser transmitters are connected to the network to feed optical power locally to the receiving terminals. The number of sources is less than the number of terminals.

Abstract: An optical transceiver module is disclosed, particularly for connection to a bidirectional optical-waveguide communications network. It contains an optical transmitter (S), an optical receiver (E), and wavelength-selective means (K, C) which prevent any optical feedback to the optical transmitter (S) and the optical receiver (E) and guide the light to be received exclusively to the optical receiver (E). Such means are, for example, wave-length-selective couplers (C, K) implemented as fiber-optic couplers or as one or more integrated optical devices.

Abstract: A low power digital receiver (10) is provided that contemporaneously selects the lowest possible sampling signal frequency (34) (from a plurality of available sampling signals), and received signal level (28) to properly digitize (32) and recover a desired signal. Digitization is performed after the first IF using broadband stages (28, 30, and 32) that are temporarily enabled (44) to rapidly digitize the first IF signal. This, together with the low sampling rate, minimizes the power consumption of the receiver (10) thereby permitting portable and mobile digital receiver embodiments.

Abstract: In a modulation circuit, a variable frequency carrier is modulated by a binary PSK (phase shift keying) modulator with the digital signal of a selected data channel. A plurality of error correction values are stored in storage locations of a memory corresponding to the channels, each of the error correction values being representative of a deviation of the inherent operating characteristic of the modulator when operating at a particular frequency of the carrier from a predetermined operating characteristic. The carrier is generated by a channel synthesizer and its frequency is varied corresponding to the selected channel. The memory is addressed to read an error correction value from one of the storage locations corresponding to the selected channel. An error correction circuit is provided to correct the deviation in response to the error correction value read out of the memory.

Abstract: A ring-shaped network (RN) which is an offering network is inserted into a subscriber line region of a switching equipment (VE). A gate (GWE) is arranged in one (AEI) of the acceptance devices of the respectively accepting n subscriber line equipment (SLM) and signalling and message transmission procedure matching is done in the gateway means. The coupling to the ring-shaped network (RN) occurs through a ring-coupling (RCB) to which a gateway apparatus (GWE) and an external acceptance device (AEE) which contains a matching device (APE) and a plurality of subscriber line equipment (SLM) are connected. The matching device (APE) provides the signalling and information transmission procedure matching. For example, ISDN subscriber equipment (SE) are connected to the subscriber line equipment (SLM) via central office lines (ASL).

Abstract: A data decoding circuit which receives an input signal comprising a sequence of pulses and generates a digital data output signal and timing signals in response thereto. The circuit includes a phase-locked loop which generates timing signals in response to the input signal and an offset signal from a data separator circuit. The data separator circuit generates the digital data output signal and the offset signal, which measures the degree of correlation between the input signal as received by the data separator and the timing signal from the phase-locked loop, thereby obviating the need to match the data separator circuit closely to the phase-locked loop.

Abstract: Cathode ray tube apparatus including compensation (14) for the vertical component of terrestrial and of other ambient magnetic fields (15). The compensation is achieved by the generation of an opposing vertical magnetic field by energization of the degauss coil (11, 12) in the apparatus. Two embodiments are described: one applies a continuous direct current (21) after the degaussing operation and the other applies a direct current component coincident with the degaussing signal to permanently magnetize components of the apparatus. The magnitude and polarity of the compensation provided may be variable.

Abstract: A specialized tone receiver is capable of detecting tones on many different digital signal channels simultaneously. A single memory is used to buffer incoming digital signals. Independent write and read sequencers write samples into and read samples from the buffer memory, respectively. The write sequencer writes all samples corresponding to a given sample time at essentially the same time, while the read sequencer reads out all of the samples corresponding to a given channel of interest in reverse sequential chronological order (i.e., in the opposite order from the order the samples were written) beginning with the most current sample. A priority structure controls access to the buffer memory, with the read sequencer being granted a higher access priority than the write sequencer.

Abstract: A method of attenuating the echo signal in so-called telephone fork converting circuits, adapted for telephone conferences with a plurality of participants, consists of switching and arranging sequentially on a serial line messages from each participant as coded in the PCM code, by means of a digital switching array, and of performing a sign reversal on the PCM codings of a number of messages equal to the approximation to the nearest number below the number of participants in the conference divided by two.

Abstract: The system provides correction for error signals caused by noise in the transmission channel in digital signals or analog signals which have been digitized. The first or second differential of the quantized values is taken and encoded. One or more reliable update signals per data block are included in the transmitted signal. Using any difference between an update signal value and the corresponding actual received signal value, an error signal in time reverse sequence is reconstructed in the receiver. This signal is reversed and subtracted from a signal containing the error signal to produce an accurate output signal.

Abstract: A television tuner for three frequency ranges (I, II, III) comprises a common antenna connection (4) for corresponding input filter circuits. The input filter circuits (1, 2, 3) of the two higher frequency ranges can be connected to and disconnected from the antenna connection by means of switches (11, 12). The switches (11, 12) are each located between the antenna connection (4) and the associated input filter circuit (2, 3). To improve matching of the input filter circuit (3) and to simplify the configuration of the circuit, the antenna connection (4) is arranged in the proximity of an input filter circuit (1, 2) of the two lower-frequency frequency ranges (I, II). In addition, the switch (12) for the highest frequency range (III) is connected to the end of a coupling conductor (5) which is spaced closest to the antenna connection (4).

Abstract: A miniature microwave transmitter/receiver is small enough to be mounted in the feeder of a microwave antenna. The transmitter and receiver do not interfere with each other despite their close proximity resulting from their small size. The non-interfering results are achieved by frequency separating the bands used for transmission, reception, and the intermediate transmit and receive frequencies. Since none of these frequencies overlap, they do not interfere with each other, even if there is an insufficient isolation between systems.

Abstract: A duplex communication wireless apparatus of the type wherein the sum or difference component of a transmission frequency f1 and a reception frequency f2 becomes an intermediate frequency of a receiver. The apparatus includes an input/output resonance circuit exhibiting resonance substantially with said transmission frequency f1 and said reception frequency f2; and a reception input circuit adapted to receive simultaneously both a transmission signal at the transmission frequency f1 from a transmitter and a reception signal at the reception frequency f2 supplied through said input/output resonance circuit for conversion into an intermediate frequency component signal of .vertline.f1.+-.52.vertline. and to produce an output.

Abstract: A plurality of digital signals of one or more digital transmission bit rates are arranged to be combined by employing a unique common channel frame format. The channel frame format includes a plurality of data bit positions and a plurality of overhead bit positions. The number of data bit positions used is dependent on the particular incoming signal. Similarly, the number of frames generated during a specific common framing interval is dependent on the digital transmission bit rate of the particular signal. Specifically, the number of channel frames generated during the common channel frame interval is dependent on a number of equivalent so-called lowest transmission bit rate signals included in the particular signal being formatted. The overhead bits are distributed in the channel frame format.