Abstract: An optical transmission spectrometer for transmission measurements of absorbing and scattering samples includes light sources mounted parallel to each other in a holder. The beams of light emanating from the light sources are directed through a beam-combiner. The beam-combiner includes a first refractive surface at an angle of incidence of 45.degree.. The first refractive surface refracts light toward a common axis. The beam-combiner includes a second refractive surface parallel to the first refractive surface for refracting the beam of light along a common axis parallel to the original direction of the beam of light. The beam-combiner can include additional refractive surfaces for other beams of light to combine the beams of light into a primary beam. The spectrometer includes a collimating tube extending along the common axis for baffling stray light and directing the primary beam through a sample.

Abstract: A target for use in photogrammetry and automated theodolite systems comprising a rigid body having a support surface, a retro-reflective member comprised of a tape-forming substrate having normally a rearward surface and a forward surface an adhesive provided on the rear surface thereof for securing same to the support surface of the target; there being light reflective discrete particles secured adhesively on the forward face of the retro-reflective member; and a mask-forming member having a rearward surface and a forwrd surface, the mask forming member being of greater area than that of the retro-reflective tape and the light reflective means provided thereon. The mask is secured in overlying in relationship upon the light reflective particles and provided with an opening with predetermined area less than that of the light reflective particles so that a predetermined portion of the latter is exposed therethrough.

Abstract: In an optical system comprising a plurality of lens units, one of which is used as a compensation lens unit capable of decentering to compensate for the image blur, an image magnification .beta.c of the compensation lens unit satisfies the following condition:-1.4<.beta.c<-0.

Abstract: In a scanning device capable of building a distortion-free two-dimensional image on a surface to be scanned. The scanning operation for two directions are independently executed. Employable is a linear light source. In this case, the scanning in one direction of the two-dimensional scanning is responsive to the position of the light emitting elements in the linear light source.

Abstract: An apparatus for transmitting a laser beam supplied from a laser source to a working apparatus comprises a plurality of reflecting mirrors disposed in series between the laser source and the working apparatus to change the direction of the laser beam, a condensing optical system provided to condense the laser beam on the reflecting surface of the first one of the reflecting mirrors, and a relay optical system including first and second imaging devices disposed between the first reflecting mirror and the second reflecting mirror subsequent thereto in the direction of travel of the laser beam.

Abstract: The optical instrument, in particular binoculars, is characterized by exhibiting an integral stable inner housing including the eyepiece tube, the objective tube, the prism seat and possibly the hinge mechanism. The inner housing is encased in plastic foam which determines the outer contour of the instrument.

Abstract: A beam-combining laser beam source device comprising laser beam sources; collimator optical systems positioned in optical paths of laser beams radiated from the laser beam sources. Each of the collimator optical systems is constituted of a first lens section and a second lens section. Optical path adjusting elements are positioned in the optical paths of the laser beams in order to radiate the laser beams along optical paths parallel and close to one another. A support member supports the laser beam sources, the collimator optical systems, and the optical path adjusting elements. Each laser beam source and the corresponding first lens section are combined into a laser beam source unit and mounted on the support member, the positions of the laser beam source and the first lens section having been adjusted with respect to each other.

Abstract: A novel laser raster scanner that scans, in response to control signals from a controller, an exposure beam across a substrate by means of a rotating polygonal mirror having a plurality of reflective facets provides passive facet tracking by means of a plurality of glass windows configured with the polygonal mirror to cooperate with corresponding ones of the reflective facets. A first beam steering mechanism provides the laser beam to a window at a first surface thereof. A second beam steering mechanism receives the laser beam from an opposed second window surface and provides an illumination beam to the corresponding reflective facet. Each window is positioned to displace the laser beam from the incident axis so as to produce a corresponding displacement of the illumination beam on the facet in the direction of mirror rotation.

Abstract: A beam-combining laser beam source device comprising first and second laser beam source sections, each of which includes laser beam sources, a collimator optical system and optical path adjusting elements, and a beam-combining optical element. Each collimator optical system is constituted of lens groups corresponding to the laser beam sources, and a common lens positioned so that the laser beams, which have been radiated from the optical path adjusting elements along optical paths parallel and close to one another, impinge upon the common lens. The common lenses are moveable along first directions parallel to their optical axes and along second directions normal to the optical axes.

Abstract: An optical image rotator assembly has both a rotational axis and an optical axis. Provision is made for adjusting the alignment of the optical axis, both angularly and translationally, in relation to the rotational axis.

Abstract: A display apparatus for a vehicle comprises a unit for projecting a display pattern provided by a display device onto a projecting face in front of a driver's seat; a unit for visually overlapping an outer landscape in front of a front glass and a virtual image of the display pattern provided by the projecting unit; a first mirror for reflecting light from the projecting unit; and a second mirror for reflecting light reflected from the first mirror on the side of the driver's seat such that the virtual image of the display pattern in front of the second mirror is visualized. The display apparatus for a vehicle may comprise another mirror unit for reflecting the light reflected from the first mirror towards the front glass, the reflected light from the second mirror being reflected by the front glass on the driver's seat side such that the virtual image of the display pattern in front of the front glass is visualized.

Abstract: A finder optical system comprises a first reflecting surface disposed at an image side of an objective lens to reflect light flux passing through the objective lens obliquely upward on the exit pupil side, a roof surface consisting of two reflecting surfaces orthogonally intersecting each other which is disposed obliquely upward on the exit pupil side of the first reflecting surface to perform right-left inversion of the light flux reflected by the first reflecting surface and to reflect the light flux obliquely downward on the exit pupil side, and a second reflecting surface disposed obliquely downward on the exit pupil side of the roof surface to perform an up-down inversion of the light flux reflected obliquely downward on the exit pupil side by the roof surface and reflect the light flux toward an eyepiece, and wherein the finder optical system fulfills the following condition: 20.degree.<.theta.<40.degree. wherein, .theta.

Abstract: A beam-combining laser beam source device comprising an airtight housing and a laser beam source unit housed in the housing. The laser beam source unit comprises laser beam sources and collimator optical systems respectiely positioned in optical paths of laser beams, which are radiated from the laser beam sources, in order to collimate the laser beams. Optical path adjusting elements are respectively positioned in the optical paths of the laser beams in order to radiate the laser beams along optical paths parallel and close to one another. The laser beam sources, the collimator optical systems, and the optical path adjusting elements are supported on a single support. The housing is provided with a temperature sensor, which detects the temperature in the housing, and temperature adjusting elements which heat or chill the housing on the basis of control of the temperature sensor so that the temperature in the housing is kept constant.

Abstract: An apparatus provided with a first reflector for reflecting a light beam deflected by a deflector in a light beam scanning apparatus and a second reflector for directing the light beam from the first reflector toward an image forming point after contacting again the first reflector. The light beam is reciprocated between the first and second reflectors thereby forming a light path of two times the space that they are disposed. A deflector is disposed on a side of the light path extending from the first reflector to the light beam image forming point together with a light beam emitting source which irradiate the light beam on the same level of the light path and make the light path length at both ends of the light beam scanning range equal to each other by arranging an angle between the first and second reflectors.

Abstract: An optical scanning system includes a light source, a condenser lens for condensing a bundle of rays, a first image forming lens for converging the bundle of rays passed through the condenser to form a line image along a main scanning direction, a deflector having a deflection mirror to reflect the line image, and a second image forming lens for converging the bundle of rays deflected by the deflector on a scanning surface so as to form a scanning spot thereon. The second image forming lens includes a single lens. An imaginary converging point of the bundle of rays through the condenser behind the scanning surface is positioned in conjugate relation with the scanning surface. The deflection mirror is positioned in conjugate relation with the scanning surface.

Abstract: A laser optical system for obtaining a Gaussian distribution by correcting a phase laser beam oscillating in multi-transverse mode oscillated from a phase synchronous semiconductor laser or a broad contact semiconductor laser. The phase is corrected by multiple concavo-convexities of a phase correction plate arranged parallel to the direction of generating the transverse mode. The phase correction plate is positioned downstream from a collimator which turns the laser beam into parallel light, that is, the phase correction plate is disposed through the collimated beam, i.c., in an area where the beam is magnified and is of optically equal value regardless of position. Therefore, adjustment of the position of the phase correction plate is easy and formation of the concavo-convexity pattern of the phase correction plate is easy.

Abstract: An improved retro-reflective beaded roadway marker strip and the like, formed of successive spaced segmented wedges as rows of trapezoidal blocks containing retro-reflective beads at least on their inclined front, side and rear surfaces and with the blocks of successive rows staggered; the strip being preferably formed of a bottom rubber-like non-memory surface and an upper crosslinked elastomeric self-restoring surface.

Abstract: Helmet mounted display apparatus for use in aircraft and rotorcraft includes an image source for generating images that are projected into the pilot's forward field of view by a portion of relay optics that are common to both day and night viewing and interchangeable optical eyepieces, one for daytime viewing and one for nighttime viewing.

Abstract: A vehicle viewing system for use on vehicles to enhance the vehicles' safe operation by minimizing blind spots. The system has an objective assembly mountable on the vehicle with its field of view substantially encompassing a blind spot. The images within the field of view are carried from the objective assembly to a viewer assembly via an image relay system. The image relay system may be a conventional fiber optic cable or a periscope assembly mounted between two fiber optic cables to extend the image transmission. The periscope assembly utilizes a lens assembly to relay images. The viewer assembly is mountable in an easy-to-see location on the vehicle suitable for viewing by the vehicle operator. The objective assembly has a lens system to enable the system to present continuous color images for viewing.

Abstract: A process for renewing a cylinder head, preferably a cast aluminum water cooled cylinder head from a used condition to a rebuilt condition suitable for reuse. In a qualifying stage the used cylinder head is stripped of removable parts, inspected, heat treated for cleaning and stress relieving purposes, and then pressure tested to detect leaks through cracks or excessive porosity. If cracks are located, the cylinder head passes through a reconstruction stage wherein cracked areas are removed and replaced by welded material, recontoured and preferably again pressure tested. A cylinder head which did not need reconstruction (or after reconstruction) then passes to the rebuilding stage where it is essentially machined and component parts replaced. Included in the rebuilding stage is a line-boring and surface gasket facing procedure for eliminating the adverse effects of warpage and a vacuum impregnation step to seal the pores of the cylinder head.