Abstract: A color image forming apparatus having a revolving type developing unit detachably installed therein. The revolving type developing unit includes a plurality of different color developing devices each having a developing roller therein. Each of the developing rollers is movably mounted on the developing device so that a gap between each of the developing rollers and a periphery of a photoconductive drum which is to be formed when the revolving type developing unit is set in the color image forming apparatus is enabled to be adjusted.

Abstract: Disclosed is an exposure apparatus comprising a substrate holder washing unit and a substrate holder storing unit. While a substrate holder exported from an exposure stage is washed in the washing unit, a clean holder previously stored in the storing unit is transported to an X stage by using a robot hand and a transport arm, and it is installed to the X stage by using an attaching/detaching mechanism. The holder can be always maintained in a clean state without stopping the apparatus for a long period of time, resulting in improvement in throughput. Also disclosed is an exposure apparatus comprising a mechanism for cleaning a substrate holder by transporting a whetstone onto the holder, engaging the whetstone with an engaging member, and rotating the whetstone by using a rotary driving unit. The exposure apparatus is provided with a unit for drawing dust emerged upon cleaning with the whetstone.

Abstract: A photographic color printer includes a color video camera for making specialty prints. A memory is provided to store different color compositions for printing light including an initial color composition and additional color compositions which surround the initial color composition. The memory also stores camera adjustment parameters for each additional color composition so that, when the color composition of the printing light is shifted away from the initial color composition, the camera can be adjusted to the new color composition. The camera is adjusted to the initial color composition by exposing the camera to light of this composition. Following such exposure, the camera is sequentially exposed to light of the various additional color compositions. The camera is adjusted to each additional color composition in order to obtain the camera adjustment parameters which are to be stored in the memory.

Abstract: An image frame selecting apparatus for a photographic printer includes a film receiving unit (30) defining a receiving surface (31) for receiving a photographic film (2), and a positioning indicator (35a) for positioning the photographic film on the receiving surface. The receiving surface is divided into a plurality of areas (31a) corresponding to image frames on the film. An input device (33, 34) selects an image frame to be printed, by designating at least one of the areas. The photographic printer has an image reading device for reading the image frames from the photographic film, a storage device for storing image information of the image frames read, an image processor for generating positive images of the image frames based on the image information stored in the storage device, and a monitor for displaying the positive images of the image frames. A control means unit (100) is provided for generating position data relative to the photographic film of the image frame selected.

Abstract: An alignment method in which a reticle and a wafer are aligned with each other by using a heterodyne alignment apparatus. The method makes it possible to minimize the time required for alignment even if a wafer beat signal varies for each shot region on the wafer. In pre-alignment of the wafer, AGC (Automatic Gain Control) of a wafer beat signal (S.sub.W) is initiated when a central control system confirms that the displacement between the center of a wafer mark and the center of an irradiation region of an alignment light beam irradiated to the wafer has reached a value within .+-..DELTA.L.sub.1 in the measuring direction (direction X) and a value within .+-..DELTA.L.sub.2 in the non-measuring direction (direction Y) on the basis of the result of calculation by an overlap calculating system, before the displacement between the reticle and a grating-shaped wafer mark reaches a value within .+-.1/4 of a grating pitch (P.sub.W).

Abstract: An exposure apparatus has a color shifter disk which comprises blue, green and red color filters, formed by dividing the disk into three sectors, and a light shielding member arranged for moving into and out from the light path in synchronization with the rotating movement of the color shifter disk. The light shielding member advances into the light path to interrupt the exposure light when a boundary between two adjacent color filters of the color shifter disk moves into the light path, and retracts from the light path to pass the exposure light when the boundary between two adjacent color filters of the color shifter disk departs from the light path.

Abstract: A photographic printing apparatus includes an exposing device (5) for printing an image of a photographic film (2) on printing paper (3), a supplementary information exposing device (6) for printing supplementary information, such as a date, time and place of photographing, on part of the printing paper (3), and ND filters (31) or a liquid crystal panel (45, 46) for suppressing light projected to a selected region within a print region when the image of the photographic film (2) is printed on the printing paper (3). The supplementary information exposing device (5) prints the supplementary information in the selected region.