Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for accelerating Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) route convergence in an autonomous system. A virtual link identifier is assigned to each link of a set of communication links that are established between a BGP host and one or more network elements in one or more networks. For a particular link of the set of communication links, one or more routes that are reachable on the link are determined. The BGP host stores an association of the one or more routes with a BGP identifier of the BGP host and the virtual link identifier that is assigned to the particular link. The BGP host advertises the one or more routes to a BGP peer in a message, where the message includes the BGP identifier and the virtual link identifier.

Abstract: In a packet communications method of performing packet communications between a mobile station and a base station, the base station manages an amount of packets stored in a transmission buffer of the mobile station. The mobile station notifies a changed result of an amount of packets stored in the transmission buffer of the mobile station, when the amount of packets stored in the transmission buffer of the mobile station changes. The base station changes a managed amount in accordance with the changed result notified from the mobile station.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for creating a virtual hierarchical local area network. The method and apparatus provide a hierarchical framing technique that allows a network architecture to realize a local area network hierarchy within the network. In this manner, a first local area network hierarchy is defined by communication in a first frame format between a first set of network devices and a second set of network devices. A second local area network hierarchy is defined by communication in a second frame format between members of the second set of network devices. The second frame format includes the fields of a frame in the first frame format that is used to communicate between the first set of communication devices and the second set of communication devices.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus of dynamically setting a rise-over-thermal (ROT) threshold to control user-to-user interferences in a wireless communication system are disclosed. The ROT threshold is set by determining whether an outage of communication has occurred, increasing the ROT threshold by a predetermined increment if the outage has not occurred, and decreasing the ROT threshold by a predetermined decrement if the outage has occurred.

Abstract: A user equipment determines transport format combinations (TFCs) that are available for at a dedicated channel (DCH) based on at least a maximum transmit power for the user equipment. A TFC is selected from the available TFCs for the DCH. Based on a remaining power after the TFC selecting, enhanced uplink TFCs (E-TFCs) are selected that are available for an enhanced dedicated channel (E-DCH). An E-TFC is selected for the E-DCH from the available E-TFCs.

Abstract: Devices in an Advanced Switching (AS) fabric may include state machines for controlling the generation and transmission of flow control (FC) update data link layer packets (DLLPs) between link partners. A link partner may use the state machine to generate flow control update DLLPs for all available virtual channels (VCs) and transmit the FC update DLLPs contiguously to prevent any given VC from failing to perform an FC update refresh within an FC update timeout period due to injection of large packets (e.g., AS transaction layer packets (TLPs)) between the FC Update DLLPs.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a first packet is forwarded based on a network layer routing decision rendered by a router. A shortcut entry is generated based on a first header of the first packet. The shortcut entry is stored. In response to the shortcut entry, and absent a network layer routing decision rendered by a router, subsequent packets having a subsequent header are forwarded if the subsequent header has at least one field which matches a field of the first header. Such technique may be implemented by a switch coupled to the router.

Abstract: A system and method for electronically identifying connections established through a cross-connect system provides for identification of all hard-wired and temporary patch connections, and any modifications made to same. Connection identification and status information is acquired in near real-time and stored in a database which is accessible by a user through a graphical user interface (GUI). The TRACE or lamp wires which connect respective pairs of cross-connect circuits are utilized in an unconventional manner so as to form a scanning bus. The information signal paths established through the cross-connect circuits remain undisturbed. A scanning signal is communicated between each pair of cross-connected circuits over the TRACE conductor. In the event a patch cord is used to temporarily redirect a signal connection, the scanning signal is transmitted over the shield or sleeve conductor of the patch cord. The scanning signal provides identification and other information concerning the transmitting circuit.

Abstract: A maximum achievable bit rate estimation for the expected bit rate between a wireless client and an access point is calculated in two phases. In the first phase, the maximum achievable bit rate is estimated using signal quality information and optionally congestion level information of the access point(s) of interest. In a second phase of the bit rate estimation, the first phase estimator output is corrected by using historical information relating the estimated bit rate values to the bit rates actually experienced. In the second phase of the estimation, a repository stores known signal quality behavior of the access points so as to provide an Access Point History (APH). The APH can be implemented as a simple memory (database) entity where a record is maintained on how accurate the previous bit-rate estimations turned out to be in practice. The actual physical embodiment of APH memory is implemented using any adequate memory technology such as FLASH, local hard disk, and the like.

Abstract: An alarm indication translation mechanism in a digital access and cross-connect system monitors all incoming tributary DS1 streams for the presence of an alarm indication. Whenever an alarm indication is detected in a fractional tributary DS1 data stream, all DS0 bytes within the T1 stream containing that tributary DS1 data stream include the detected alarm indication. For a Yellow alarm, this means that for the case of D4 superframe format (SF), the second most significant bit of each of the twenty-four bytes of a T1 frame containing at least one fractional DS1 carrying alarm information is set to a ‘0’, irrespective of whether the bytes are valid DS0s or idle bytes. For extended superframe format (ESF), Yellow alarm is transmitted by sending a repetitive sixteen bit pattern consisting of eight marks or ‘1’s, followed by eight spaces or ‘0’s in the data link.

Abstract: A control channel supporting traffic control in epochs is divided into two control subchannels each being less than or equal to about a half epoch in duration and occurring serially in time. Slot allocation data may be transmitted and received independently over the subchannels. One subchannel may be used for transmitting forward slot allocation data and the other subchannel may be used for transmitting reverse slot allocation data. The channel split into two subchannels may be a paging channel. The forward and reverse slot allocation data may be transmitted between a base station processor and field unit. Forward and reverse traffic data may be staggered by at least about half an epoch. Transmission of traffic data happens within about two epochs after the assignments.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus and method for generating overspread orthogonal codes. Overspread orthogonal codes are generated code-multiplying orthogonal codes generated by any method and the overspread orthogonal code length is the product of the code lengths of the orthogonal codes that were code-multiplied. In a telecommunication application, for example, a communication signal is first spread by a first orthogonal code and then overspread by a second orthogonal code. The output of the overspreading process may be further overspread by a third orthogonal code and so on until a desired code length is obtained. Thus, orthogonal code lengths unobtainable by any of the known orthogonal code generators may be generated by overspreading using codes generated by any orthogonal code generator(s) to obtain a desired code length.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for agnostic PPPoE switching is described. A method in a network element comprises converting Point to Point Protocol (PPP) protocol data units (PDUs) encapsulated according to different protocols into PPP PDUs with a uniform encapsulation, and transmitting the uniformly encapsulated PPP PDUs.

Abstract: For fast ethernet switches, a modular and scalable structure using programmable one-port communication modules is disclosed. The forwarding process is sequential and operates in a store-and-forward mode. The design follows a strictly predictable scheme. The forwarding process, the distribution logic, maximum latency and programmable functions, i.e. traffic monitoring capabilities, traffic filtering/policing capabilities and network management function capabilities are described and explained with reference to typical examples.

Abstract: Router IP port for an IP router of a IP network system, wherein the router IP port comprises: an encapsulating unit for encapsulating IP data packets received from an IP sub-network to generate Ethernet data packets which are forwarded to an Ethernet unit of said IP router; a decapsulating unit for decapsulating Ethernet data packets received from said Ethernet unit to extract IP data packets to be forwarded; an Egress filter unit for filtering the decapsulated IP data packets extracted by said decapsulating unit in response to a match signal which is generated by an Egress comparison unit which compares a hierarchical destination address prefix of said decapsulated IP data packets logically with configuration data stored in a local memory of said router port.

Abstract: A communications system includes a physical layer device (PLD) and a logical link device (LLD), each having respective send and receive interfaces being substantially identical to define symmetrical interfaces for the system. Accordingly, design and manufacturing is simplified compared to conventional systems. In addition, advantages are also provided in terms of loopback capability and packaging options. The PLD comprises a PLD send interface including PLD parallel information outputs, and a PLD receive interface including PLD parallel information inputs. Similarly, the LLD comprises an LLD receive interface including LLD parallel information inputs, and an LLD send interface including LLD parallel information outputs. Parallel communications channels connect the PLD information outputs to respective LLD information inputs, and connect the LLD information outputs to respective PLD information inputs.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for implementing a presence based universal camp-on feature in packet-based telephony systems are disclosed. A first packet-based device is subscribed to a line status of a second packet-based device. A first notification is received into the first packet-based device from the second packet-based device when the line status of the second packet-based device is in a busy state. A second notification is received into the first packet-based device from the second packet-based device when the line status of the second packet-based device is in an idle state. A user of the first packet-based device is prompted with an option to establish a communication session with the second packet-based device upon receiving the second notification into the first packet-based device. A communication session is established between the first packet-based device and the second packet-based device in response to receiving an accept-call command into the first packet-based device.

Abstract: A system for allocating bandwidth in a network includes a base station. The system also includes a plurality of stations in communication with the base station. During a measurement period, the base station monitors an amount of information communicated by each of the plurality of stations to determine bandwidth required by each of the plurality of stations. After the measurement period, the base station transmits a bandwidth allocation message to the plurality of stations allocating bandwidth to each of the plurality of stations for transmitting information during respective timeslots specified in the bandwidth allocation message.

Abstract: At a remote site, a satellite route is installed to augment the capacity of a terrestrial route. A specialized forwarding unit is introduced at both ends of these parallel satellite and terrestrial routes. The forwarding unit identifies what type of traffic needs a higher performance forward, and forwards the traffic accordingly. For example, latency-sensitive traffic can be forwarded over the terrestrial route and the latency insensitive traffic can be forwarded over the satellite route.

Abstract: Video, voice and data are integrated using existing telephone connections by using a video network server to receive and transmit video signals to and from clients using telephone wires. Client frequency division multiplexing couplers, each associated with one of the clients, receive video and telephone signals from the client and frequency multiplex them onto the telephone wires for transmission. They also receive video signals from the server and frequency demultiplex them for transmission to the client. A video frequency division multiplexing coupler connected between the video network server and each of the client frequency division multiplexing couplers receive the video and telephone signals from the clients and transmit only the video signals to the video network server.