Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing frozen dough which can be directly transferred from freezer to oven without a proofing or thawing step. The process comprises mixing the dough ingredients, forming gas nucleation sites, exercising the dough by subjecting to cycles of pressure differentials and freezing the dough. The frozen product can be transferred directly from the freezer to an oven for baking.

Abstract: A thermal barrier coating system for use on a turbine engine component which reduces sand related distress is provided. The coating system comprises at least one first layer of a stabilized material selected from the group consisting of zirconia, hafnia, and titania and at least one second layer containing at least one of oxyapatite and garnet. Where the coating system comprises multiple first layers and multiple second layers, the layers are formed or deposited in an alternating manner.

Abstract: On inspecting a glass substrate for a mask blank which substrate has surfaces including one end face, the glass substrate is prepared to have the one end face which has a chamfered surface and a remaining surface serving as a side surface. The chamfered surface of the one end face is smaller in width than a chamfered surface of an opposite end face of the glass substrate. A short-wavelength light having a wavelength of 200 nm or less is introduced into the side surface of the one end face. From either the one end face or a different surface of the surfaces of the glass substrate, a long-wavelength light is received which is longer in wavelength than the short-wavelength light and which is generated by an internal defect of the glass substrate in response to the short-wavelength light. The internal defect is detected with reference to the long-wavelength light.

Abstract: The present invention provides a single-crystal silicon carbide ingot capable of providing a good-quality substrate low in dislocation defects, and a substrate and epitaxial wafer obtained therefrom. It is a single-crystal silicon carbide ingot comprising single-crystal silicon carbide which contains donor-type impurity at a concentration of 2×1018 cm?3 to 6×1020 cm?3 and acceptor-type impurity at a concentration of 1×1018 cm?3 to 5.99×1020 cm?3 and wherein the concentration of the donor-type impurity is greater than the concentration of the acceptor-type impurity and the difference is 1×1018 cm?3 to 5.99×1020 cm?3, and a substrate and epitaxial wafer obtained therefrom.

Abstract: There have been demands for transparent electrode materials and magnetic materials, each having a wide range of applications. In view of the situations, a novel functional device and a method for forming an oxide material are provided. A functional device includes an AlxGayInzN layer (wherein 0?x?1, 0?y?1, and 0?z?1) and an oxide material layer composed of a metal oxide and formed on the AlxGayInzN layer. The metal oxide may be TiO2. The present invention provides a functional device that includes a group III nitride layer having excellent physical and chemical properties and a film integrally formed thereon. The film reflects less light at the interface and has chemical resistance and high durability.

Abstract: The ceramic product provided by the present invention is provided with at least two ceramic members bonded to each other, and the bond parts between these ceramic members bonded to each other are formed from glass having leucite crystals precipitated within the glass matrix.

Abstract: A corrosion resistant member to be exposed to a halogen-containing gas atmosphere or a halogen-containing gas plasma atmosphere, comprising a substrate and a plurality of layers deposited thereon including a layer of rare earth fluoride providing the outermost surface and a layer of rare earth oxide having a porosity of less than 5% underlying the rare earth fluoride layer.

Abstract: A superplastically formed structural assembly is provided, as is an associated preform and method for forming such an assembly. The assembly includes a skin member and a support member that are joined to define a space between the members and between the joints. The assembly can be produced by joining the members in a flat configuration, and then forming the resulting preform to a predetermined shape of the structural assembly. The support member defines at least one aperture in communication with the space between the members. Thus, the skin member can be formed by delivering a pressurized fluid through the support member to the skin member, e.g., to superplastically form the skin member against a die that defines a contour surface corresponding in shape to the predetermined configuration of the assembly. The support member can extend in a substantially direct configuration between opposing portions of the skin member.

Abstract: Steviol glycoside isomers are provided having the formula: wherein R1 may be hydrogen, 1-?-D-glucopyranosyl, or 2-(1-?-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-?-D-glucopyranosyl, and R2 may be hydrogen, 1-?-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-(1-?-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-?-D-glucopyranosyl, 2,3-bis(1-?-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-?-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-(1-?-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-1-?-D-glucopyranosyl, 2-(1-?-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-3-(1-?-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-?-D-glucopyranosyl, or 2-(1-?-D-xylopyranosyl)-3-(1-?-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-?-D-glucopyranosyl. Methods for making steviol glycoside isomers are also disclosed. These compounds may be present in food and beverage products as non-nutritive sweeteners.

Abstract: High-volume, fully dense, multi-component monoliths with microstructurally indistinguishable joints that can be used as refractory, corrosion and wear resistant components in the non-ferrous metal industry. The Si3N4 monoliths according to the invention comprise at least 90% by weight ?-type Si3N4 and up to 10% by weight of a predominantly amorphous binder phase, said binder phase being formed from compositions of the rare earth metal —Al—Si—O—N, rare earth metal —Mg—Si—O—N or Mg—Si—O—N systems. Preferably the rare earth metal is yttrium (Y). The monoliths have a volume of greater than 250 cm3. A method of making the multi-component monoliths is achieved by simultaneously joining and uniaxially hot pressing an assembly of reaction bonded silicon nitride bodies (RBSN bodies). RBSN bodies are placed in contact with each other in the substantial absence of any interlayer or ceramic paste in between.

Abstract: Silicon wafers in the entire volume of which crystal lattice vacancies are the prevalent point defect type, have a rotationally symmetric region whose width is at least 80% of the wafer radius, crystal lattice vacancy agglomerates of at least 30 nm in a density ?6·103 cm?3, crystal lattice vacancy agglomerates of from 10 nm to 30 nm in a density of 1·105 cm?3 to 3·107 cm?3, OSF seeds in a density of 0 to 10 cm?2, and an average bulk BMD density of 5·108 cm?3 to 5·109 cm?3, which varies at most by a factor of 10 radially over the entire silicon wafer, and a BMD-free layer on the front side, wherein the first BMD is found at a depth of at least 5 ?m and on average at a depth of at least 8 ?m.

Abstract: Paving blocks for photocatalytic paving comprising at least a base layer in cementitious material and a surface layer based on a cementitious composition comprising: at least a hydraulic binder, a photocatalyst capable of oxidizing organic and inorganic polluting substances present in the environment in the presence of environmental light, air and humidity, at least an aggregate, water and, optionally, a water reducing additive.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure and method of manufacturing the semiconductor structure, and more particularly to a semiconductor structure having reduced metal line resistance and a method of manufacturing the same in back end of line (BEOL) processes. The method includes forming a first trench extending to a lower metal layer Mx+1 and forming a second trench remote from the first trench. The method further includes filling the first trench and the second trench with conductive material. The conductive material in the second trench forms a vertical wiring line extending orthogonally and in electrical contact with an upper wiring layer and electrically isolated from lower metal layers including the lower metal layer Mx+1. The vertical wiring line decreases a resistance of a structure.

Abstract: Methods and articles are disclosed in which a substrate is provided with a photo-induced hydrophilic surface by forming a photo-induced hydrophilic coating on the substrate by spray pyrolysis, chemical vapor deposition, or magnetron sputter vacuum deposition. The coating can have a thickness of 50 ? to 500 ?, a root mean square roughness of less than 5, preferably less than 2, and photocatalytic activity of less than 3.0×10?3 cm?1 min?1±2.0×10?3 cm?1 min?1. The substrate includes glass substrates, including glass sheets and continuous float glass ribbons.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a conductive article and method of making the same that includes a substrate; a conductive composite including a conductive material in a matrix that includes one or more film forming resins having at least one functional group capable of polymerization; one or more adhesion promoters; and one or more compounds, which are reactive with the film forming resin and which also contain at least one acidic moiety.

Abstract: A cermet armor material for highly effective ballistic performance which is comprised of a layer of base metal in which is deposited a layer or layers of ceramic and a compatible metal such that the deposited metal in combination with the base metal forms a continuous matrix around the ceramic particles. The body has a structure which is continuously graded from a highest ceramic content at the outer surface (strike face) decreasing to zero within the base substrate, and contained no abrupt interfaces.

Abstract: A technique is provided for the fabrication of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) and carbon nanofiber (CNF) film materials. The method includes mixing a relatively small amount of single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) with larger amounts of MWNTs and CNFs, which enables one to produce highly flexible SWNT materials—advantageously without the need for bonding agents and at significantly lower costs compared to flexible SWNT materials. The method exploits SWNTs tendency to entangle together to form flexible films, using a small amount of SWNTs to wrap around and entangle the larger diameter MWNTs and CNFs together to form flexible films with highly beneficial mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties at a fraction of the cost of SWNT materials.

Abstract: A coating material comprising a binding agent and at least one filler including particles having a size and/or surface roughness of about 100 ?m or less, and a photocatalytically active agent. The binding agent may be at least partially decomposed by a photocatalytic action, and a microstructured, self-cleaning surface may be formed.

Abstract: The invention pertains to high-molecular compound-based composite materials using carbon and can be used for anodes of electrolytic capacitors made on the elastic dielectric film base with current-carrying coating. Polyester-base film material chiefly of polyethylene terephthalate has nanodimensional metal coating. New is that a diamond-like layer 5-50 nm thick is placed between the modified surface of the polyester base and metal coating and a sponge metal layer 0.5-20 ?m thick is made on the metal coating surface, said sponge metal layer has a surface development factor within the range of 80-400 and the diamond-like nanolayer is sp3-hybridization of amorphous carbon atoms gas-phase deposited in vacuum by means of a ion-plasmous source. The proposed film material with a wide range of electrophysical properties is intended to be used in microelectronics and radio engineering as versatile constructional material.

Abstract: A heat insulation material based on ceramic material includes a top layer containing BaZrO3 and Y2O3 doped ZrO2. A heat insulation material preferably consists of at least one adhesion promotion layer, at least one intermediate layer arranged thereon and a top layer arranged thereon, with the adhesion promotion layer consisting of MeCrAlY, where Me is nickel and/or cobalt, the intermediate layer consists of Y2O3 doped ZrO2 and the top layer consists of 15 to 25% by weight BaZrO3 and 75 to 85% by weight Y2O3 doped ZrO2. A method of coating a substrate with a heat insulation material includes the step of applying an aforesaid top layer to an optionally coated substrate by a thermal spray method or an electron beam method, in particular an EB-PVD method.