Abstract: An optical head structure, movable to scan over a disk surface, includes a fixed optical arrangement. Fine focussing and side-to-side adjustments for scanning are effected by movements of another lens mounted on a substantially stationary part of the system structure. The movable lens is generally aligned with the axis of the fixed lens on the movable head structure. In an alternative embodiment, lateral adjustments of scanning spot position are made by pivoting a reflecting mirror on the stationary structure and axial adjustments of the scanning spot are made by axially moving a lens on the fixed structure. Light paths in the movable head structure are altered by reflecting mirrors, all such mirrors being in fixed relationship with the fixed objective lens. The movable head structure bearing fixed lenses and fixed mirrors mvoes in an arc, not concentric with disk rotation, to traverse the disk and locate a desired track.

Abstract: Retroreflective sheet material capable of retroreflecting light at high incidence angles is prepared by laminating retroreflective sheeting to a base sheet, slitting the laminated sheet assembly in an array of spaced discontinuous slits, and expanding the laminated sheet assembly so that openings occur at the slits and portions of the laminated sheet assembly between the slits bend out of the plane which they originally occupied.

Abstract: A system for deriving parallel data from a source, such as a detector array within an enclosed cryogenic volume utilizes remote optical sensing of micromechanical modulators so as to minimize power requirements and heat loss while providing full bandwidth operation. Subgroupings of the detector elements are used in multiplexed fashion to drive high speed micromechanical modulators in binary fashion until the entire detector array has been scanned. The deflection states of the micromechanical modulators are remotely sensed by optical means and the parallel data then reassembled or processed as desired. With this configuration the detector and modulator arrays may be disposed compactly within a cryogenic enclosure and external thermal inputs limited to low levels.

Abstract: A stage for a microscope comprises a stage carrier, an object stage, an intermediate carrier disposed between the stage carrier and the object stage, and first and second displacement means. The first displacement means serves to displace the intermediate carrier together with the object stage in a first direction relative to the stage carrier, and the second displacement means serves to displace the object stage in a second direction substantially transverse to the first direction. The first and second displacement means are fixed relative to the stage carrier so that they do not move when the intermediate carrier and the object stage moves.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for attenuating the beam of a laser. The apparatus is particularly suited for situations where a low powered aiming beam is necessary to be coaxially aligned with a full power working beam. The apparatus includes a refractive element having a pair of spaced-apart, parallel faces. A mounting arrangement is provided for selectively moving the refractive element into and out of the path of the full power laser beam. The refractive element is mounted such that when it is moved into the path of the laser beam, the beam will be split into primary and secondary beams. The primary beam will exit the refractive element along a path displaced from the incoming beam. The power of this exiting primary beam can be captured through a beam dump. The secondary beam is a product of at least two internal reflections within the refractive element. The secondary beam is highly attenuated and travels along the same path as the incoming beam.

Abstract: A light radiator for effectively diffusing and radiating light rays which have been transmitted through an optical cable or the like outside of said optical conductor cable. The light radiator is comprised of a transparent cylinder; an optical conductor for guiding light rays into the cylinder through one end of it; an optical means that is movably accommodated in the cylinder for reflecting the light rays guided into it from the optical conductor and for radiating them outside of the cylinder; and a driving means for moving the optical means along the axis of the cylinder.

Abstract: A stereomicroscope for use in performing surgeries, in particular eye surgeries, which has a collecting lens common to both beam paths and has for each beam path an objective and an ocular tube with two reversing prisms with adjustable interocular distance, which ocular tubes form a telescope. In order to produce, at an angled beam path with the help of the panorama funduscopy, an upright and unreversed image, between the objective (7) and the ocular tubes (11, 12) which contain the telescope is provided a double-refracting, reflecting system (4, 19, 20) which delivers a turned, unreflected image and covers both beam paths, which system is arranged in the stereomicroscope so that same can be exchanged with a 90.degree. prism which is constructed with the same optical path length and covers both beam paths.

Abstract: An optical simulation system comprising a model (12) and collimating optics (16) is disclosed. An image is presented to an observer (32) by means of a plurality of lenses (24, 26) and mirrors optically aligned with the collimating optics. The optics of the system are adjustable so that the range changes of the model can be accommodated without moving large optical elements.

Abstract: The invention relates to a stage assembly for use on a microscope when studying transient phenomena in which pressure and temperature may vary over very large ranges. Such an instrument is applicable to geology, mineralogy, crystallography, and solid state physics, for example. In accordance with the invention the stage assembly comprises a sealed outer envelope (1) having optical windows (6, 7), a sealed inner enclosure (8) in which an experiment volume (9) is defined and likewise having two optical windows (15, 16), and means for fixing and/or monitoring the temperature and the pressure in said experimental volume.

Abstract: A light deflector comprising a reflective mirror having a specular surface on top. A flexible supporting plate is retained along its periphery and supports the reflective mirror in an oscillatory manner. The reflective mirror is supported on a point from below by way of the flexible supporting plate. A pair of piezoelectric laminates are disposed at locations that on x- and y-axes through the fulcrum intersecting at right angles in a plane and are distant from the fulcrum. The piezoelectric laminates are capable of expansion and contraction in the direction of z-axis upon application of a voltage to the laminates. The reflective mirror is supported on a point from below by the displacing end of each of laminates.

Abstract: In addition to providing fine adjustment for precise two-coordinate positioning of a specimen, a microscope stage has a handle for rapid displacement of the stage when the fine adjustment is disconnected. This handle is secured to the underside of the cross-slide (6) of the stage, and in a laterally central position of the stage; the handle also extends through a cut-out in the stage carrier, thereby defining the range of movement of the stage. The arrangement of the handle is ergonomically favorable and reduces the danger of contamination of the specimen. In addition, a rotatable sleeve on the handle enables fine and precise adjustment of the angular orientation of a chucked specimen, with respect to the microscope.

Abstract: An optical scanner apparatus particularly suited for use in a laser bar code reader includes a series of mirrors mounted in a basket-like array about the optical beam axis. A mirror is mounted obliquely across the beam axis, directly on the path of the beam, to fold the beam generally radially outwardly toward the array of mirrors. In one embodiment of the invention the oblique first mirror is rotated about the beam axis, while in another embodiment the oblique first mirror is held stationary and the array of mirrors is rotated, to reflect the beam forwardly, generally in the direction the beam axis is pointing. If the oblique first mirror rotates, a plurality of scan lines, including non-parallel scan lines, are formed on a surface to be scanned; if the array of mirrors is rotated instead of the single mirror, a series of parallel scan lines will be produced. The mirrors can be oriented at desired angles to produce virtually any desired scan pattern.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a self-cleaning rearview mirror, attached to the outside of many different kinds of vehicles. An advantage of the invention is that it provides a clear rearview for the drivers.

Abstract: A frequency shifted cavity apparatus for electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: A connecting device includes a first connecting section to which a camera is detachably connected, and a second connecting section detachably connected to an eyepiece section of an endoscope. The first connecting section has a main body which includes a circular fitting recess with an inner surface and support holes each of which opens into the inner surface and extends radially. Locking bodies are disposed in the respective holes. Each locking body has a slidable portion movable in the corresponding hole along the axial direction thereof, and a semispherical pressing portion. A clamp ring is rotatably provided on the main body. When the clamp ring is rotated, the locking bodies are pressed into the recess so that the pressing portions abut against the outer surface of the eyepiece section fitted in the recess.

Abstract: The operating means for manual focusing of a microscope having a motorized-focus drive is embodied in a separate control console that is flexibly connected to and positionable alongside the microscope; the operating means includes a finger wheel or knob which is coupled with an electrical bit-signal generator (encoder). Digital output signals of the encoder are fed to control electronics for the focus-drive motor, and the electronic control system may either be contained within the control console, or it may be packaged, along with further electronic control means for additional functions, in a separate housing provided for the purpose.

Abstract: Apparatus for training athletes comprising a mirror assembly which permits the athlete to view all his body movements. The apparatus comprises a shock resistance mirror assembly including a sheet of clear acrylic material and a sheet of mirrored acrylic material in facing contact which may be variously mounted to permit an athlete a full body view of his image. Two or more mirror assemblies may be joined end to end.

Abstract: A support and drive unit for a mirror device having a housing and a mirrored mirror holder, includes a casing adapted to be disposed in the housing, a support structure adapted to pivotally support the mirrored mirror holder, and means for adjusting the mirror holder. The adjusting means comprises first and second actuating rods axially movably mounted on the casing, and a pair of motors disposed in the casing for moving the actuating rods, respectively, through coupling means. The actuating rods have front ends adapted to be pivotally coupled to the mirror holder, and are spaced substantially right-angularly from each other around the center of the support structure.

Abstract: In a polygon mirror construction comprising a polygon mirror with a hole formed at the central position for passing through a shaft of a motor and a supporting means fixed to the shaft of the motor for supporting the polygon mirror, and a space, a groove or a heat insulating plate is formed between the polygon mirror and the supporting means, thereby a heat rise of the polygon mirror is prevented and high accuracy of the polygon mirror construction is assured.

Abstract: A directional image is created in transparent sheeting comprising a monolayer of microlenses by forming deformations in at least some of the microlenses by irradiation with a laser beam which has a short pulse duration. The directional images may be formed in transparent sheeting which has been applied to a document as an overlay. When viewed under diffuse lighting conditions, the deformations appear as a dark image. The deformations may be formed so that when viewed under retroreflective conditions within a conical field the image is darker than the surrounding background, and when viewed under retroreflective conditions outside the conical field the image is brighter than the surrounding background.