Abstract: A capacitive pressure sensor and its manufacturing method are disclosed. An amplifier is formed on the main surface of a first semiconductor substrate by a diffusion process, and its surface is covered with an insulating film. An electrode is vapor-deposited on the surface of the amplifier and electrically connected to the amplifier through a through hole formed in the insulating film. For forming a diaphragm, the surface of a second semiconductor substrate disposed facing the electrode to form a capacitor, which is opposite to the surface of the second semiconductor substrate facing the electrode, is partially etched away to form a depression. The first and second semiconductor substrates are anodically bonded to each other using a glass layer.

Abstract: A pressure gauge for determining the pressure applied to a cylindrical vibrator by measuring the resonance frequency of the vibrator. The vibrator comprises a thin-wall cylindrical portion, a thick wall cylindrical portion extending from one end of the thin wall cylindrical portion and a thick wall end portion joined to the end of the thin wall cylindrical portion. The thin wall cylindrical portion is installed within a cover, to which the thick wall end portion is securely attached. The inventive vibrator type pressure gauge produces greater accuracy and reliability while also being resistant to external vibrations and pressures.

Abstract: A Raster and Stroke Writing Deflection Amplifier Arrangement for a cathode ray tube (CRT) is disclosed which uses a conventional vertical oscillator and vertical deflection amplifier and a conventional horizontal oscillator and synchronous horizontal deflection amplifier, both driving deflection coils for providing vertical and low power horizontal scan operation for raster scan writing of data, and a flyback transformer and rectifier for providing the high D.C. voltage required by the CRT anode by rectification of high surge voltages created during horizontal retrace periods.

Abstract: A moisture sensitive element including a sheet made from a mixture of electrically insulating fibers having the property to expand upon adsorbing the moisture (e.g., cellulose fiber) and electroconductive fibers (e.g., activated carbon fiber). The moisture sensitive element is capable of sensing the humidity of the air by determining the electric resistance which varies according to the change of the humidity of the air, and can also be applied as a condensation sensor which can sense, for example, dew condensation on windowpanes.

Abstract: Materials and structural components having irregular shapes may be tested two ultrasonic testing heads which are movable in unison in the direction in which the cross-section of the material or component being tested changes. The synchroneously moving testing heads are spaced from each other in a direction extending across the moving direction. The testing heads are ultrasonic receivers connected with their outputs to a comparing device which provides an error signal when the amplitude ratio of the received signal changes. The amplitude ratio is formed between the amplitudes of the ultrasonic signals received by both testing heads. Preferably, the comparing device comprises an amplifier which amplifies the amplitude of the received second signal by an amplification factor which is proportional to a deviation of the amplitude of the received first signal from a reference value. The error signal is recorded, for example, by a coordinate plotter.

Abstract: An enclosure (17) contains two ovens (18, 19) each containing a semiconductor metal oxide (SnO.sub.2 or NiO) sensor (13) previously activated using H.sub.2 S or SO.sub.2. The sensors (13) are heated to different temperatures the lower of which corresponds to a peak on the sensor conductivity curve characteristic of the gas. The signals produced are applied to a comparator (30). For many toxic gases this peak occurs at concentrations below their toxicity threshold in air.

Abstract: A venturi tube fluid flow meter comprising an inlet section with a first pressure probe upstream of the throat section that is an inner-end closed tube traversing the diameter of the inlet section and pressure probe that is a capped tube extending into the flow path of the throat section at the minimum diameter thereof with this tube containing two perforations 180.degree. apart and orthogonal to the center line of the throat section.

Abstract: A pump located within the fuel tank discharges fuel into a chamber containing a plurality of reference electrodes which determine the dielectric constant of the fuel. The output of a set of measuring electrodes is calibrated using the dielectric constant determined using the reference electrodes. The fluctuations in the capacitance developed by the reference electrodes due to momentary contact with water droplets or the like can be used to indicate an excess of the water or the like in the fuel.

Abstract: A flow controller primarily for breathing gas analysis has a gas flow circuit leading from a breathing air inlet to a gas analyzer and to a vacuum source. Another gas is bled into the circuit between the breathing air inlet and a point upstream of the vacuum source. Such other gas is precluded from flowing upstream in the circuit toward the gas analyzer by making the intervening flow path or conduit of suitable dimensions to have a Peclet number at least equal to 4 and preferably greater than 4 and about 6.

Abstract: A pollen counter comprising an open-ended tube forming a path through which air can flow from one end to the other and having a fan inside the tubular member for causing air to flow at a desired rate through the tube and past a glass slide mounted within the tube and positioned to have pollen grains deposited on an edge as air flows through the tube.

Abstract: A two stage process for interrogating a detector of the concentration of combustible gas in an atmosphere. In a first stage, the detector is supplied with a low voltage and the supply is cut and an optional alarm is sounded if a positive signal has been detected. In a second stage, if the signal detected in the first stage is negative or zero, then the detector is supplied with a second, higher voltage. The signal is compared to a predetermined range and, if not within that range, an optional alarm is sounded. A device to apply the process comprising a detector, an amplifier of the signal issued by the detector, a voltage reducing circuit, and a switch that controls the voltage reducing circuit slaved by a discriminator to the sign and/or to the maximum amplitude of the signal output by the amplifier. Application of the process and device to the detection of the concentration of methane.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for measuring the solids content of a hot waste gas wherein the hot waste gas, without cooling, is mixed with a cool gas so that the mixture is at a reduced temperature at which substances in the sample are transformed into the solid state and the sample is cooled without condensation. The gas mixture is then passed through a measuring filter on which the solids are collected. The mixture is preferably formed coaxially.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new method and new apparatus for determining fluid mass flowrate and density. In one aspect of the invention, the fluid is passed through a straight cantilevered tube in which transient oscillation has been induced, thus generating Coriolis damping forces on the tube. The decay rate and frequency of the resulting damped oscillation are measured, and the fluid mass flowrate and density are determined therefrom. In another aspect of the invention, the fluid is passed through the cantilevered tube while an electrically powered device imparts steady-state harmonic excitation to the tube. This generates Coriolis tube-damping forces which are dependent on the mass flowrate of the fluid. Means are provided to respond to incipient flow-induced changes in the amplitude of vibration by changing the power input to the excitation device as required to sustain the original amplitude of vibration. The fluid mass flowrate and density are determined from the required change in power input.

Abstract: A track inspection car supported on railroad track by flanged wheels mounted on a truck, and having means for engaging a tractor-truck at one end and wheels with highway tires at the other. The wheels are relatively vertically displaceable by selectively inflating pneumatic springs for converting the car from on-track operation to an off-track trailer-truck configuration. A pair of ultrasonic sensor probes are mounted on the wheel truck coupled to a computer in the car. The car also includes an on-track driving motor, a driver station, a computer operators station, an observer's station, and a water supply for creating a fluid acoustical coupling between the sensors and the rails.

Abstract: A high temperature and high pressure consistometer comprises a cylindrical pressure vessel having an integral bottom and a cover for said pressure vessel. A nonmagnetic canister extends downwardly from said bottom and is sealed therein. A driven magnet assembly is journaled in said canister. A drive shaft is connected to said driven magnet assembly extending into said vessel. A nonmagnetic canister extends upwardly from the cover and is sealed therein. A driving magnet assembly is journaled in said canister. A shaft connected to said driving magnet assembly extends downwardly into said vessel. A driven magnet assembly is mounted for rotation on the exterior of the downwardly extending canister and a driven magnet assembly is mounted for rotation on the exterior of the upwardly extending canister. A sample cup is connected to the upwardly extending drive shaft and a paddle is connected to the downwardly extending shaft.

Abstract: In a device for electrically monitoring the level of a liquid present in a container, a plurality of temperature-dependent resistance probes (n-1, n, n+1) are arranged at different heights in the container, they being adapted to be connected one after the other to a source of constant current (5) under the control of a program control device. For the evaluation of the voltage at one resistance probe (for example n+1) connected at the time to the source of constant current (5), a differentiator (6) is provided as well as a comparator (7), which is arranged behind the former and is and acted on by a threshold voltage and is connected to circuitry for forming a display signal. The circuitry comprises counter (4, 19) which counts the number of resistance probes (n-1, n, n+1) whose voltage differential is above the threshold voltage after connection to the source of constant current (5).

Abstract: A method is disclosed for measuring the shear stress of a viscoelastic fluid wherein the force measured on a plate exerted by the fluid flowing coplanar therewith is measured.

Abstract: A sensor for sensing the presence of oxygen in a test gas mixture comprises either first or second tubes for the separate flow of a measured gas and a gas to be tested for a single tubular arrangement for the successive flow of these two gases in association with a plurality of radio-frequency coils which are connected in an electrical bridge circuit to that they can be balanced in any variation of the inductance measure. Since oxygen in the gas produces a paramagnetism which provides induction variations in the coils of the balancing circuit, the variations of the balancing circuit may be used to sense the proportion of the oxygen content in the gases. With the inventive method the gases are passed into association with the balancing circuit and variations of the test gas from the measured gas are sensed by the circuit balance which is produced by the oxygen which is present in the gas mixtures. Such a sensor may be used for breath protection, diving and medical fields.

Abstract: A fuel injection device for Diesel engines includes a combustion detector comprising a photoelectric transducer and a light path extended through a nozzle body to transmit the light of a combustion flame developed in an engine cylinder to the photoelectric transducer. One end of the light path is opened to an oil sump communicating with a nozzle opening so that only when the nozzle opening is opened for injecting fuel and then a combustion flame is developed, the light of the flame is passed through the light path and reaches the photoelectric transducer thereby generating an electric signal indicative of the actual time of the combustion. The whole or part of the light path may be comprised of optical fibers.

Abstract: A fixed reference capacitance (10) and a variable, pressure sensitive capacitance (12) are defined by a common conductive layer (14), and a common dielectric layer (16). A peripheral conductive layer 20 completes the reference capacitor and a central conductive layer (22) completes the variable capacitor. A peripheral supporting layer or structure (18) prevents the thickness or the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer peripheral portion but not the central portion from varying in response to pressure changes. In this manner, the reference and variable capacitors may be placed closely adjacent without pressure isolating the reference capacitor. An oscillator (30) provides an AC, such as square wave, driving signal to first and second temporary storage capacitors (52, 54). A bridge (70) of CMOS transistors selectively connects the first and second storage capacitors with the reference and variable capacitors.