Abstract: The invention relates to polymers and copolymers of pivaloyloxyalkyl methacrylates which contain structural units of the general formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is (CH.sub.2).sub.n.sbsb.1 --O (n.sub.1 =2 to 10) or (CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --O).sub.n.sbsb.2 (n.sub.2 =1 to 4) and to the method of their preparation and modification. The polymerization and copolymerization can be initiated by free-radical initiators of the peroxy type or by anionic initiators, e.g., alkali metal alkoxides or butyllithium, and carried out in a solution, bulk or suspension process in the presence of a crosslinking agent or without it. Anionic polymerization may result in stereoregular polymers or may be used for preparation of block copolymers by the "living" polymer technique. The polymers and copolymers can be modified by the partial or total conversion of the pivaloyloxyalkyl methacrylate units into hydroxyalkyl methacrylate units by selective hydrolysis, alcoholysis or other reaction.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the coloration of wet spun acrylic and modacrylic fibres in the gel form which comprises using a cationic dye, or its dye bases, which are substantially insoluble in water but soluble or partly soluble in organic solvents. There are also disclosed acrylic fibres so colored.

Abstract: In a process for preparing a N-substituted derivative of a carboxamide, the conversion of carboxamide to the derivative is determined by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance analysis (CMR) wherein the intensities of the carbonyl carbon peaks attributable to the carboxamide and the derivative are measured under conditions of magnetic resonance and the mole ratio of carboxamide to derivative is determined by comparing the intensities of said carbonyl carbon peaks.For example, in the reaction of polyacrylamide with a secondary amine such as dimethylamine and formaldehyde, the conversion of the polyacrylamide to its N-(dimethylaminomethyl) derivative is determined by subjecting the sample to CMR analysis and comparing the intensities of the carbonyl carbon peaks of the polyacrylamide and the N-(dimethylaminomethyl) derivative.

Abstract: A process for dyeing or printing with a fibre-reactive dyestuff a substrate consisting of or comprising cellulosic fibres, which process comprises treating the dyed or printed substrate, at a temperature from 20.degree. to 105.degree. C. with an aqueous solution of a polymer containing carboxylic acid groups at least partially neutralized in salt form.

Abstract: Fluorinated low energy polymer surfaces are provided by fluorinating a hydrocarbon polymer with ions or radicals of fluorinated species in a cold plasma.

Abstract: Organo-lithium compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group of up to 5 carbon atoms, R' is either hydrogen or an alkyl group of up to 5 carbon atoms and n is an integer from 2 to 10. These bifunctional organo-lithium compounds are prepared without the use of any polar or complexing agent and are useful as polymerization initiators for the production of block copolymers.

Abstract: The catalyst system disclosed herein comprises a combination or a chelate of a hydrocarbyl lithium compound with a bicyclic amine compound bridged together through nitrogen in each cyclic ring by means of 1-4, preferably 2-carbon atoms and each cyclic ring having at least one nitrogen and at least one other heteroatom in its cyclic structure selected from the class consisting of NR, O, S and PR. This catalyst system is particularly useful in the polymerization of vinyl compounds such as ethylene, propylene, styrene, butadiene, etc. The process for the polymerization of conjugated dienes produces polymers of excellent properties. For example, with butadiene-1,3 and other appropriate conditions, polybutadiene with high percentages of syndiotactic crystalline structure may be produced.

Abstract: Salicylate esters have been found to be suitable blocking agents for polyisocyanates, enabling preparation of hydroxy terminated polybutadiene based polyurethane bound propellant grains having extended pot life. Unblocking occurs readily at normal propellant cure temperatures, allowing normal cure rates.

Abstract: Organo metallic polymer compositions useful as constituents of anti-fouling paints for marine structures, comprising a main chain consisting of a chlorinated conjugated diene polymer such, for example, as a chlorinated polybutadiene of high 1, 2 units content, and at least one grafted chain formed at least partly of recurrent units having a pendant organotin group or tin salt function.

Abstract: The characteristics of barium t-alkoxide salts used with organolithium compounds as catalyst complexes in the solution polymerization of unsaturated or oxirane monomers to make polymers such as rubbers is improved by reducing or eliminating the nitrogen content of the barium salt and, further, by using a certain mixture of tertiary carbinols and water in forming the barium salt. In certain instances water may be eliminated.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of polymaleic acids having molecular weights of from 200 to 1,500, by polymerizing maleic anhydride in acetic anhydride in the presence of from 0.2 to 0.5 mole of hydrogen peroxide per mole of maleic anhydride, at from 80.degree. to 140.degree. C., and builders and encrustation inhibitors comprising the polymaleic acids prepared by the said process, for use in detergents.

Abstract: A family of negative resins, capable of undergoing crosslinking under the effect of more or less energetic photons (gamma radiation, X-rays, ultraviolet or visible light), applicable to the protection of objects against atmospheric agents and to the production of masks of the type used in the production of integrated circuits. The typical compound according to the invention contains at least one substance of which the chemical formula comprises a thiirane ring: ##STR1## such as 2,3-epithiopropyl methacrylate copolymerized with a vinyl monomer, such as methyl methacrylate. Crosslinking is facilitated by photoinitiators, such as aryl diazonium and aryl iodonium salts liberating Lewis acids. By selecting the photoinitiator, it is possible to act on the spectral region where irradiation is effective.

Abstract: Monovinyl aromatic polymers are modified by reacting with elemental alkali metal and a conjugated diene to produce polymers having branches containing olefinic unsaturation. The olefinically unsaturated branches provide reactive sites which are readily reacted with various substances to obtain numerous variations in the properties of the monovinyl aromatic polymers.

Abstract: Alicyclic organomonolithium compounds having delocalized conjugated unsaturation are effective initiators in the preparation of polymers of conjugated dienes. Polymers of conjugated dienes, prepared with or without the alicyclic organomonolithium compounds, are terminated with alicyclic compounds having conjugated unsaturation. Either or both approaches can be used to provide polymers containing alicylic conjugated unsaturated functional groups. Alternatively, polymers prepared from the alicyclic organomonolithium compounds can be coupled to produce linear or branched polymers. Polymers prepared from multichelic lithium compounds also can be terminated with alicyclic conjugated unsaturated compounds.

Abstract: Process for cross-linking polymers which contain an active halogen by using a compound of the formulae: ##STR1## as a cross-linking agent.

Abstract: A binder composition for magnetic recording tape which comprises polyisocyanate and a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer non-reactive with the polyisocyanate, the copolymer being used in larger proportion. A resin or elastomer which is not reactive with the polyisocyanate may be added as a third component to impart flexibility or other desirable properties to the magnetic layer of tape.

Abstract: A copolymer of a conjugated diene/monovinylarene modified by reaction with a dihydrocarbyl azodicarboxylate.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition comprising a polybutadiene rubber containing a polymer obtained by block or graft polymerization of cis-1,4-polybutadiene with syndiotactic (syn)-1,2-polybutadiene, alone or blended with the other diene rubber, said syn-1,2-polybutadiene being crystallized and in a short fiber-like shape, and a breaking resistance characteristic and reinforcement characteristic being considerably improved by specifying the diameter and length of said short fiber, which is suitable for various parts of tire or industrial materials, and further relates to a composition of said polybutadiene rubber to which a carbon black is added for preferably used as a chafer or tread of tire, and still further relates to said composition to which a carbon black and an antioxidant are added for preferably used as a rubber blend composition for side wall.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the manufacture of a neutralized phosphonated ethylene-propylene copolymer having about 1 to about 150 mmoles of PO.sub.3 H.sub.2 groups which are neutralized with a counterion selected from the group comprising metal cations, ammonium or amines. Elastomeric compositions used for elastomeric articles could include the neutralized phosphonated ethylene-propylene copolymer having about 20 to about 200 parts by weight of a non-polar process oil per 100 parts of the phosphonated copolymer and about 25 to about 300 parts by weight of a filler per 100 parts of the phosphonated copolymer, wherein a preferential plasticizer can also be incorporated into the composition. These blend compositions can be readily processed on conventional plastic fabrication equipment into elastomeric articles having excellent physical properties and desirable rubber characteristics.

Abstract: High molecular weight products based on N-vinylpyrrolidone, in which blocks of vinylpyrrolidone polymers or vinylpyrrolidone copolymers are linked by connecting units carrying ester, amide, urethane or urea groups, as a result of which these high molecular weight products are biodegradable and may be used as plasma substitutes, and the plasma substitutes thus obtained.