Abstract: Operation of a multiple solids fluidized-bed black liquor combustor employing only combustion residue solids as both fine and coarse bed solids is disclosed. Under normal operating conditions, a solids distribution of fine particle sizes and coarse particle sizes with a minimal population of intermediate particle sizes is maintained. Heat and chemical values are readily recovered from the black liquor and the necessity for separation of the combustion residue salts from inert fluidized-bed solids is avoided.

Abstract: A glassware forming machine having a blank station (A) at which a parison is formed, an intermediate station (B) at which the parison is allowed to reheat, and a blow station (C) at which the parison is formed into an article of glassware as a patter plate (12) at the intermediate station (B). The patter plate (12) is movable between an operative position in which it screens the underside of the parison from updraughts of air and an inoperative position in which the patter plate (12) is not beneath the parison. The machine also comprises moving means (17) operable to move the patter plate (12) between its operative and inoperative position at appropriate times in the cycle of operation of the machine.

Abstract: Washing methods of deinking secondary cellulose fiber (i.e., removing unwanted non-cellulose materials therefrom) are disclosed. These washing methods (as opposed to flotation methods) generally involve deinking the fiber with surface active agent (surfactant).The present invention utilizes a single foam-suppressing surface active agent consisting essentially ofR--(Ar)--(OC.sub.2 H.sub.4)m--(OC.sub.3 H.sub.6)n--Y;wherein R represents a monovalent higher aliphatic group containing from 6 to 24 carbon atoms,Ar represents an aromatic residue,--(OC.sub.2 H.sub.4)m--being a poly(ethylene oxide) chain,--(OC.sub.3 H.sub.6)n--being a poly(propylene oxide) chain;m is about 6 to about 15,n is about 12 to about 48,m:n is less than 1, andY is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl and benzyl ether.The present washing method of deinking reduces or eliminates objectionable foam, potentially provides energy savings yet maintains or improves the quality of the deinked fiber.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing silica-based optical fiber, and for manufacturing optical fiber preforms, the method comprising deuterium/hydrogen exchange in the silica-based material carried out subsequent to formation of the silica.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel wet strength resins for paper. The resins are produced by reacting an epihalohydrin, such as epichlorohydrin, with a polyaminopolyamide derived by reacting methylbisaminopropylamine with oxalic acid or mixture containing oxalic acid and one or more different saturated dicarboxylic acids or their esters.

Abstract: A method of cooling a mould in a glassware forming machine wherein an intermediate support (26) supports a mould portion (10) and defines a space (36) which serves to insulate a movable support (14) of mould opening and closing mechanism of the machine from the mould portion (10). The mould portion (10) is cooled by blowing air into the space (36). The air blown into the space (36) increases the insulating effect of the space (36) and also can be blown through an aperture (40) in the intermediate support (26) on to the mould portion (10) so as to cool that portion of the mould portion (10).

Abstract: 2,6-Dimethylmorpholine containing a high proportion of the cis compound is prepared by cyclization of diisopropanolamine (1,1'-iminobispropan-2-ol) in the presence of sulfuric acid, with simultaneous addition of the components and full utilization of the heat of reaction.

Abstract: A re-work method for removing extraneous plated metal layer areas from the surface of a ceramic substrate containing refractory metal areas wherein the substrate is heated at a temperature for a time sufficient to strengthen the bond between the plated metal layer and the refractory metal areas while simultaneously reducing the strength of the bond between the extraneous plated metal layer overlying the ceramic and the ceramic, immersing the substrate in a liquid, and applying localized ultrasonic energy in close proximity to the extraneous metal areas to be removed.

Abstract: A process for producing paper or wet non-woven fabric comprising mixing an aqueous anionic polymer solution with an aqueous cationic polymer solution, adding the mixture to a slurry of fiber or pulp, converting the slurry into paper or non-woven fabric by a wet papermaking technique, and drying the paper or non-woven fabric. The paper or non-woven fabric advantageously has an excellent strength, water resistance, and thermal resistance.

Abstract: An improvement in a method for producing a glass article is disclosed. The method includes the steps of lubricating the walls of a mold cavity by igniting a gas therein, introducing a gob into the mold cavity, and pressing the gob to a desired shape. The improvement involves the use, as the gas ignited in the mold cavity, of a mixture of a methyl acetylene/propadiene gas and a hydrocarbon gas having an acetylenic triple bond. The proportion of the hydrocarbon having an acetylenic triple bond is controlled to one at which the flame which results from igniting the gas mixture is capable of penetrating an air lock in a deep mold cavity. Usually, the hydrocarbon gas having an acetylenic triple bond has from two to six carbon atoms and constitutes from 1 percent by volume to 10 percent by volume of the gas mixture.

Abstract: In the cycle for production of pulp by the Kraft process, the active alkali concentration range in black liquor is monitored and adjusted. In recognition of the effect of the proportion of the active alkali to the other contents of the black liquor on a dry solids basis, active alkali is adjusted to control various performances of the evaporators and combustion within the recovery furnace.

Abstract: There are disclosed an optical fiber junction device and a method of making the same. The method comprises the steps of providing a central inner pipe or rod of glass, arranging a plurality of optical fibers around the inner pipe or rod, and externally heating the optical fibers and the central inner pipe to form a thermally fused assembly having cores of a sectorial cross section. The inner pipe may include a tapered portion having a reduced diameter. The optical fibers may comprise optical fiber junction units each composed of a plurality of optical fibers.

Abstract: A threading system for threading a lead end of a web along a processing path in a papermaking machine includes an endless looped belt having a fabric base and a soft elastomeric outer surface with a transversely extending gripping slot in the surface. The slot has a round at the base and the sides of the slot are pinched together when the carrier belt extends along a straightline and with the sides separating when the carrier belt is wrapped over a roll so that the lead end of a web can be gripped in the slot for threading a web and automatically released when the sides of the slot are separated as the belt is wrapped over a roll.

Abstract: A dewatering apparatus is disclosed containing a pre-dewatering funnel possessing pervious walls over which there are guided two wires. Arranged after the pre-dewatering funnel are two dewatering cylinders over which both of the wires are guided along a substantially S-shaped path of travel. A press roll is arranged after the last dewatering cylinder, this press roll coacting with further press rolls.

Abstract: A roller having a core of natural rubber and an electrostatically activatable, mechanically chargeable outer surface is secured to a handle for rotation about its axis. The outer tacky surface is composed of a soft, flexible, open-air cured silicone polymer having a Shore A durometer hardness of approximately 30. The tacky outer surface is not caused by sticky adhesive but is permanent and formed during the curing process. The outer surface is mechanically chargeable and cleanable by rolling the surface over a second surface covered with a pressure sensitive adhesive. The second surface in one embodiment is the outer surface of a second roller which is biased into contact with the outer surface of the first roller as the first roller is rolled over the surface of a disk to be cleaned.

Abstract: The papermaking machine contains an endless inner dewatering band which extends or wraps with its inner side or surface around two series or successively arranged sections of dewatering surfaces. In each wrap-around section thus defined the inner dewatering band is convergently guided or brought together with a portion of a respective endless outer dewatering band towards an infeed throat or gap and a dewatering section following the same. From each dewatering section the associated outer dewatering band is returned towards its related infeed throat or gap. Two headboxes each of which is directed towards a related one of the infeed throats or gaps are provided, so that there are formed two fiber layers or plies which are to be joined. To achieve a compact and simple construction the series or successively arranged sections of the dewatering surfaces are formed at a common dewatering element which is centrally arranged relative to the infeed throats or gaps.

Abstract: A glass sheet is press bent between a pair of bending molds of complementary shape provided with covers using burning gas source means that supplies heat by directing burning gas flames toward the bottom edge of a glass sheet. The burning gas source means is constructed and arranged to be directed toward the path taken by the glass sheet when the latter moves into a shaping position with the press bending molds retracted and to pivot away from the mold covers when the press bending molds engage the glass sheet including its bottom edge during the shaping of the sheet. Preferably, the burning gas source means has a shape that conforms with the shape of the bottom edge of the glass sheet undergoing press bending and has an upwardly directed downstream portion to provide clearance as the glass sheet moves into said shaping position in a direction such that a recessed lower edge portion thereof is the leading edge of the glass sheet during its path of movement into the shaping station.

Abstract: The novel, advantageous, and economical process of reclaiming printed waste paper comprises subjecting waste paper to a flotation de-inking process. The degree of whiteness of the reclaimed paper is considerably increased by the addition of specific phosphonic acid compounds to the de-inking bath. Hydroxy carboxylic acids, amino carboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids as well as magnesium sulfate may also be added to the de-inking bath containing the phosphonic acids.

Abstract: A high yield chemithermomechanical (CTMP) process for obtaining high strength hardwood pulps is disclosed wherein hardwood chips are subjected to a two-stage chemical treatment prior to defibration, the first consisting of chip impregnation and reaction with an alkaline liquor followed by a second stage treatment with sulfite and/or bisulfite; in one embodiment peroxide is added to the alkaline liquor to enhance brightness.

Abstract: An extended nip press for a paper machine for removing water from a wet fibrous or porous web. The press comprises two parallel, rotating press rolls which are pressed against each other and form therebetween a press nip through which a web to be dried passes together with at least one drier felt. At least one of the press rolls is provided with a hard support cylinder and a flexibly compressible shell layer surrounding said cylinder so that the press nip forms an extended press zone. In order to equalize the pressure and the temperature in the press zone, the shell layer is provided with a flexible layer formed by at least one liquid-filled cavity and a gas-filled cell disposed in the cavity, said flexible layer surrounding the support cylinder at least corresponding to the width of the web.