Abstract: A combustion state of each cylinder is determined during a compression stroke injection mode (stratified combustion mode) or an intake-compression stroke divided injection mode (weak stratified combustion mode). When a combustion deterioration is detected, a combustion improvement control is performed in order to improve the combustion state. During the combustion improvement control, the fuel injection which is supposed to be performed in one compression stroke is divided into a plurality of injections. Alternatively, a total spark period is prolonged in a retard direction, a fuel injection timing is corrected to be advanced, or a fuel pressure is reduced.

Abstract: An individual-cylinder air-fuel ratio estimation model is designed so as to consider the mixing of gases exhausted from adjacent combustion cylinders, and a movement by which a mixed gas arrives at the position of an air-fuel ratio sensor, in order that influences ascribable to the intervals (combustion intervals) of the adjacent combustion cylinders may be reflected on the estimation values of individual-cylinder air-fuel ratios. In evaluating the mixing of the gases which are exhausted from the adjacent combustion cylinders, there are considered the lengths and shapes of the exhaust manifolds of the respective combustion cylinders. In evaluating the movement by which the mixed gas arrives at the position of the air-fuel ratio sensor, there are considered a distance or volume from the confluence to the position of the air-fuel ratio sensor, and the exhaust gas quantities of the respective combustion cylinders.

Abstract: A target air-fuel ratio setting part has a sub-feedback part, a target air-fuel ratio enriching part, and a target air-fuel ratio changeover part. The sub-feedback part variably sets a target air-fuel ratio upstream of a catalyst on the basis of a detection signal of an O2 sensor provided downstream of the catalyst. The target air-fuel ratio changeover part uses, as the target air-fuel ratio, a rich target air-fuel ratio which is set by the target air-fuel ratio enriching part on conditions such that the target air-fuel ratio set by the sub-feedback part is rich. A cylinder-by-cylinder air-fuel ratio estimation part calculates a cylinder-by-cylinder air-fuel ratio on the basis of a detection value of an air-fuel ratio sensor and the target air-fuel ratio.

Abstract: A technology is provided that can seal the opening in a wiring board using a transfer mold insulating resin from the opening. A mold die is used which includes a first die having a recess in a predetermined form and a second flat die. The first die is disposed on a surface of a wiring board which has a plurality of openings and on which a semiconductor chip is mounted via an elastic material. The second die is disposed on a back surface of the wiring board opposite the surface on which the semiconductor chip is mounted. The mold is used for sealing with an insulating resin the periphery of the semiconductor chip and at least one of the openings of the wiring board, wherein the above-described second die has a protrusion around an area overlapping the opening to be sealed with the insulating resin.

Abstract: In a multi-cylinder engine, to compute the air-fuel ratio of each cylinder by an air-fuel ratio sensor disposed in an exhaust pipe, a cylinder is determined by a crank angle detected by a crank angle sensor. A deviation in the air-fuel ratio of each cylinder is detected on the basis of the output signal of the air-fuel ratio sensor disposed in the exhaust pipe and the forcibly changed quantity of the air-fuel ratio.

Abstract: An individual-cylinder air-fuel ratio estimation model is designed so as to consider the mixing of gases exhausted from adjacent combustion cylinders, and a movement by which a mixed gas arrives at the position of an air-fuel ratio sensor, in order that influences ascribable to the intervals (combustion intervals) of the adjacent combustion cylinders may be reflected on the estimation values of individual-cylinder air-fuel ratios. In evaluating the mixing of the gases which are exhausted from the adjacent combustion cylinders, there are considered the lengths and shapes of the exhaust manifolds of the respective combustion cylinders. In evaluating the movement by which the mixed gas arrives at the position of the air-fuel ratio sensor, there are considered a distance or volume from the confluence to the position of the air-fuel ratio sensor, and the exhaust gas quantities of the respective combustion cylinders.

Abstract: An individual-cylinder air-fuel ratio estimation model is designed so as to consider the mixing of gases exhausted from adjacent combustion cylinders, and a movement by which a mixed gas arrives at the position of an air-fuel ratio sensor, in order that influences ascribable to the intervals (combustion intervals) of the adjacent combustion cylinders may be reflected on the estimation values of individual-cylinder air-fuel ratios. In evaluating the mixing of the gases which are exhausted from the adjacent combustion cylinders, there are considered the lengths and shapes of the exhaust manifolds of the respective combustion cylinders. In evaluating the movement by which the mixed gas arrives at the position of the air-fuel ratio sensor, there are considered a distance or volume from the confluence to the position of the air-fuel ratio sensor, and the exhaust gas quantities of the respective combustion cylinders.

Abstract: A target air-fuel ratio setting part has a sub-feedback part, a target air-fuel ratio enriching part, and a target air-fuel ratio changeover part. The sub-feedback part variably sets a target air-fuel ratio upstream of a catalyst on the basis of a detection signal of an O2 sensor provided downstream of the catalyst. The target air-fuel ratio changeover part uses, as the target air-fuel ratio, a rich target air-fuel ratio which is set by the target air-fuel ratio enriching part on conditions such that the target air-fuel ratio set by the sub-feedback part is rich. A cylinder-by-cylinder air-fuel ratio estimation part calculates a cylinder-by-cylinder air-fuel ratio on the basis of a detection value of an air-fuel ratio sensor and the target air-fuel ratio.

Abstract: A device having a shape capable of receiving the plant body to be cultivated. As at least a portion of the device, a film which can substantially be integrated with the root of the plant body is disposed. Such a structure can provide a plant-cultivating device, a plant-film integrate, and a plant-cultivating method which can preferably attain both of the supply of oxygen and the supply of water and a fertilizer component to the root of the plant body.

Abstract: An individual-cylinder air-fuel ratio estimation model is designed so as to consider the mixing of gases exhausted from adjacent combustion cylinders, and a movement by which a mixed gas arrives at the position of an air-fuel ratio sensor, in order that influences ascribable to the intervals (combustion intervals) of the adjacent combustion cylinders may be reflected on the estimation values of individual-cylinder air-fuel ratios. In evaluating the mixing of the gases which are exhausted from the adjacent combustion cylinders, there are considered the lengths and shapes of the exhaust manifolds of the respective combustion cylinders. In evaluating the movement by which the mixed gas arrives at the position of the air-fuel ratio sensor, there are considered a distance or volume from the confluence to the position of the air-fuel ratio sensor, and the exhaust gas quantities of the respective combustion cylinders.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a technology that can seal the opening of the interposer by transfer mold with the leak of the insulating resin from the above-described opening prevented.

Abstract: A leadframe including a die pad and inner leads the die pad having a substantially rounded edge configuration with no sharp edge, and the inner leads each having a trapezoidal cross-sectional configuration. In this construction, stresses are not concentrated in the end portion of the die pad due to temperature stresses and therefore, no cracks are formed in the resin encapsulating ICs. Accordingly, highly reliable ICS can be provided.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin composition composed of a mixture comprising a graft polymer obtained by subjecting a monomer mixture of an aromatic vinyl monomer and a vinyl cyanide monomer to emulsion polymerization in the presence of a diene rubber latex, and a hard polymer obtained by copolymerizing a monomer mixture of an aromatic vinyl monomer and a vinyl cyanide monomer, in which the number average particle size Dn of diene rubber particles contained in the composition is at most 0.1 .mu.m, the ratio (Dw/Dn) of the weight average particle size Dw to the number average particle size Dn of the diene rubber particles is at least 5.0, the graft rate of said graft polymer is at least 60%, and the content of an emulsifier and a reaction product of an emulsifier is not higher than 2% by weight.

Abstract: A molded article of a transparent ABS resin comprising 10 to 24% by weight of a diene type rubber having a weight average particle size of 150 m.mu. or less and not containing methyl methacrylate in the continuous resin phase is subjected to wet plating. The resulting plated resin article has an excellent adhesion of the plating layer and a good transparency.

Abstract: A molded article of a transparent ABS resin comprising 10 to 24% by weight of a diene type rubber having a weight average particle size of 150 m.mu. or less and not containing methyl methacrylate in the continuous resin phase is subjected to wet plating. The resulting plated resin article has an excellent adhesion of the plating layer and a good transparency.

Abstract: Disclosed is a wet-platable acrylonitrilebutadiene-styrene resin (ABS resin) composition comprising 100 parts by weight of an ABS resin and 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of a compound represented by the following general formula [I]: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 stands for an alkyl group, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each stand for a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 stand for a hydrogen atom or a group --C(O)R.sub.6 in which R.sub.6 stands for an alkyl group, and m and n are integers of from 1 to 20.A plated resin article having an improved plating adhesion can be obtained by wet-plating a molded article formed from this ABS resin composition.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin composition consists essentially of (A) 100 parts by weight of a rubber-containing styrene type resin and (B) 1 to 45 parts by weight of a polymeric substance selected from the group consisting of a homopolymer of an acrylic acid ester, copolymers of an acrylic acid ester, and a mixture of these polymers, said component (B) having a solubility parameter of from 8.4 to 9.8 (cal/c.c.).sup.1/2, a glass transition temperature of 20.degree. C. or below, a gel content of 70% by weight or below, and relative viscosity of a substance soluble in methylethyl ketone of 20 or below.

Abstract: An ABS resin composition comprises 100 parts by weight of an ABS resin having a melt index of at least 4.0 g/10 min. and a rubber content of from 10 to 28% by weight and from 0.5 to 30 parts by weight of powder of at least one metal selected from aluminum, copper and an copper alloy.