Abstract: A first device transmits a first random number to a second device through a first quantum channel, and receives a second random number from the second device through a second quantum channel. The first device generates a first encryption key based on the first random number and the second random number. The second device transmits the second random number to the first device through the second quantum channel, and receives the first random number from the first device through the first quantum channel. The second device generates a second encryption key based on the first random number and the second random number.

Abstract: It is difficult to improve the usage efficiency of an optical communication network due to the passband narrowing effect in a wavelength selection process in an optical communication network using a wavelength division multiplexing system; therefore, an optical network management apparatus according to an exemplary aspect of the present invention includes wavelength selection information generating means for generating wavelength selection information on a wavelength selection process through which an optical path accommodating an information signal goes, with respect to each optical path; and wavelength selection information notifying means for notifying an optical node device through which the optical path goes of the wavelength selection information.

Abstract: It is difficult to improve the usage efficiency of an optical communication network due to the passband narrowing effect in a wavelength selection process in an optical communication network using a wavelength division multiplexing system; therefore, an optical network management apparatus according to an exemplary aspect of the present invention includes wavelength selection information generating means for generating wavelength selection information on a wavelength selection process through which an optical path accommodating an information signal goes, with respect to each optical path; and wavelength selection information notifying means for notifying an optical node device through which the optical path goes of the wavelength selection information.

Abstract: If wavelength defragmentation is performed during the operation of an optical network, an instantaneous interruption of a network arises; consequently, data are lost; therefore, an optical network control method according to an exemplary aspect of the present invention includes monitoring a data volume of a client signal to be transmitted using a plurality of optical subcarriers; and performing synchronously, depending on a variation in the data volume, an optical subcarrier changing process of changing an active optical subcarrier, of the plurality of optical subcarriers, to be used for transmitting the client signal, and a remapping process of remapping the client signal onto an active optical subcarrier after having been changed.

Abstract: High-speed control of disaggregated network systems is implemented. A control device includes a main memory and an interface. The main memory shares management information contained in memory spaces possessed by a plurality of respective component devices connected and stores the management information as integrated management information. When the management information is to be updated, the interface transmits an update signal for updating the management information to the component devices and receives a response signal to the update signal from the component devices.

Abstract: If wavelength defragmentation is performed during the operation of an optical network, an instantaneous interruption of a network arises; consequently, data are lost; therefore, an optical network control method according to an exemplary aspect of the present invention includes monitoring a data volume of a client signal to be transmitted using a plurality of optical subcarriers; and performing synchronously, depending on a variation in the data volume, an optical subcarrier changing process of changing an active optical subcarrier, of the plurality of optical subcarriers, to be used for transmitting the client signal, and a remapping process of remapping the client signal onto an active optical subcarrier after having been changed.

Abstract: By using a polycyclic aromatic compound as a material for a light-emitting layer, formed by connecting a plurality of aromatic rings with a boron atom and an oxygen, sulfur, or selenium atom, which have been substituted by a specific aryl such as anthracene, an organic EL element having at least one of excellent quantum efficiency and element life can be provided.

Abstract: High-speed control of disaggregated network systems is implemented. A control device includes a main memory and an interface. The main memory shares management information contained in memory spaces possessed by a plurality of respective component devices connected and stores the management information as integrated management information. When the management information is to be updated, the interface transmits an update signal for updating the management information to the component devices and receives a response signal to the update signal from the component devices.

Abstract: If wavelength defragmentation is performed during the operation of an optical network, an instantaneous interruption of a network arises; consequently, data are lost; therefore, an optical network control method according to an exemplary aspect of the present invention includes monitoring a data volume of a client signal to be transmitted using a plurality of optical subcarriers; and performing synchronously, depending on a variation in the data volume, an optical subcarrier changing process of changing an active optical subcarrier, of the plurality of optical subcarriers, to be used for transmitting the client signal, and a remapping process of remapping the client signal onto an active optical subcarrier after having been changed.

Abstract: A polycyclic aromatic compound in which a plurality of aromatic rings are connected by a boron atom and an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a selenium atom and substituted by a specific aryl such as anthracene, is useful as a material for an organic device. By the polycyclic aromatic compound, an organic EL device having at least one of efficiency and device life can be provided.

Abstract: If wavelength defragmentation is performed during the operation of an optical network, an instantaneous interruption of a network arises; consequently, data are lost; therefore, an optical network control method according to an exemplary aspect of the present invention includes monitoring a data volume of a client signal to be transmitted using a plurality of optical subcarriers; and performing synchronously, depending on a variation in the data volume, an optical subcarrier changing process of changing an active optical subcarrier, of the plurality of optical subcarriers, to be used for transmitting the client signal, and a remapping process of remapping the client signal onto an active optical subcarrier after having been changed.

Abstract: A synthetic judgment section performs synthetic judgment of randomness test for shared random numbers by combining a result of a first randomness test and a result of a second randomness test, the first randomness test being performed on the shared random numbers by a first communication device and the second randomness test being performed on the shared random numbers by a second communication device wherein a result of the synthetic judgment is safely notified to at least one of the first communication device and the second communication device, wherein the first randomness test and the second randomness test are different with respect to at least one of randomness test to be used and random number portion to be tested.

Abstract: It is difficult to improve the usage efficiency of an optical communication network due to the passband narrowing effect in a wavelength selection process in an optical communication network using a wavelength division multiplexing system; therefore, an optical network management apparatus according to an exemplary aspect of the present invention includes wavelength selection information generating means for generating wavelength selection information on a wavelength selection process through which an optical path accommodating an information signal goes, with respect to each optical path; and wavelength selection information notifying means for notifying an optical node device through which the optical path goes of the wavelength selection information.

Abstract: An optical network control device includes: a path setting unit that sets, based on topology information including a connection relationship among a plurality of nodes and a first route selection index value of routes each connecting the plurality of nodes, a first path for a route having the first route selection index value being minimum from among route candidates linking a start point node and an end point node of a requested traffic; a topology information modification unit that calculates a second route selection index value acquired by increasing the first route selection index value of the route that accommodates the first path; and a path selection unit that selects a second path for a route having the second route selection index value being minimum from among the route candidates.

Abstract: It is difficult to improve the usage efficiency of an optical communication network due to the passband narrowing effect in a wavelength selection process in an optical communication network using a wavelength division multiplexing system; therefore, an optical network management apparatus according to an exemplary aspect of the present invention includes wavelength selection information generating means for generating wavelength selection information on a wavelength selection process through which an optical path accommodating an information signal goes, with respect to each optical path; and wavelength selection information notifying means for notifying an optical node device through which the optical path goes of the wavelength selection information.

Abstract: By using a polycyclic aromatic compound as a material for a light-emitting layer, formed by connecting a plurality of aromatic rings with a boron atom and an oxygen, sulfur, or selenium atom, which have been substituted by a specific aryl such as anthracene, an organic EL element having at least one of excellent quantum efficiency and element life can be provided.

Abstract: It is difficult in the elastic optical network to achieve a balance between the improvement in the frequency utilization efficiency and the increase in the probability of opening an optical path; therefore, an optical path controller according to an exemplary aspect of the present invention includes route selection means for searching for a route candidate being a candidate for a route to accommodate an optical path, and selecting a best possible route with a minimum route selection index serving as an index for route search; use rate collecting means for collecting a use rate serving as an index to indicate a usage condition of an optical frequency band in an optical fiber transmission line included in the route candidate; and route selection index judgment means for determining the route selection index based on the use rate.

Abstract: In a multi-layer network, a control load in the upper layer network increases, and the usage efficiency and the reliability of the entire network decrease; therefore, a multi-layer network system according to an exemplary aspect of the present invention includes a first network manager configured to set a logical path in a first network layer; and a second network manager configured to set a physical path corresponding to the logical path, in a second network layer, wherein the second network manager includes a network information storage configured to store physical network information including physical route information and transmission characteristic information on the second network layer, and the first network manager sets the logical path based on the physical network information.

Abstract: In a multi-layer network, a control load in the upper layer network increases, and the usage efficiency and the reliability of the entire network decrease; therefore, a multi-layer network system according to an exemplary aspect of the present invention includes a first network manager configured to set a logical path in a first network layer; and a second network manager configured to set a physical path corresponding to the logical path, in a second network layer, wherein the second network manager includes a network information storage configured to store physical network information including physical route information and transmission characteristic information on the second network layer, and the first network manager sets the logical path based on the physical network information.

Abstract: In an optical communication network using the wavelength division multiplexing system, the accommodation efficiency for the optical paths decreases, and it becomes difficult to use the optical communication network efficiently, if the optical frequency slots are used concentrically in a specific optical fiber; therefore, an optical path design apparatus according to an exemplary aspect of the present invention includes route candidate selection means for searching for a route of an optical path to accommodate a communication demand and selecting a plurality of route candidates; optical path candidate selection means for selecting a plurality of optical path candidates by allocating an optical frequency band required to accommodate the optical path to each of optical fibers on the plurality of route candidates; and optical path determination means for determining the optical path from among the plurality of optical path candidates based on an optical frequency band utilization rate in the optical fibers.