Abstract: A light-emitting apparatus includes; a light-emitting device including a photoluminescent layer that receives excitation light and emits light including first light having a wavelength ?a in air, and a light-transmissive layer located on or near the photoluminescent layer; and an optical fiber that receives the light from the photoluminescent layer at one end of the optical fiber and emits the received light from the other end thereof. A surface structure is defined on at least one of the photoluminescent layer and the light-transmissive layer, and the surface structure has projections or recesses or both and limits a directional angle of the first light having the wavelength ?a in air.

Abstract: An optical scanning device includes: a first waveguide that propagates light by total reflection; and a second waveguide. The second waveguide includes: a first multilayer reflective film; a second multilayer reflective film that faces the first multilayer reflective film; and a first optical waveguide layer directly connected to the first waveguide and located between the first and second multilayer reflective films. The first optical waveguide layer has a variable thickness and/or a variable refractive index and propagates the light transmitted through the first waveguide. The first multilayer reflective film has a higher light transmittance than the second multilayer reflective film and allows part of the light propagating through the first optical waveguide layer to be emitted to the outside. By changing the thickness of the first optical waveguide layer and/or its refractive index, the direction of the part of the light emitted from the second waveguide is changed.

Abstract: An optical scanning device includes a waveguide array including a plurality of waveguides arranged in a first direction. Each waveguide includes: an optical waveguide layer that propagates light supplied to the waveguide in a second direction intersecting the first direction; a first mirror having a first reflecting surface intersecting a third direction; and a second mirror having a second reflecting surface that faces the first reflecting surface. The optical waveguide layer is located between the first and second mirrors and has a variable thickness and/or a variable refractive index for the light. The width of the first mirror and the width of the second mirror are each larger than the width of the optical waveguide layer. The first mirror has a higher light transmittance than the second mirror and allows part of the light propagating through the optical waveguide layer to be emitted in the third direction.

Abstract: A light-emitting device comprises a layered structure between a first layer and a second layer. The first layer has a refractive index n1 for first light having a wavelength ?a in air. The second layer has a refractive index n2 for the first light. The layered structure comprises: a photoluminescent layer having a first surface facing the first layer and a second surface facing the second layer; and a surface structure disposed on at least one selected from the group consisting of the first surface and the second surface of the photoluminescent layer. The refractive index n1 and the refractive index n2 are lower than a refractive index nwav-a of the photoluminescent layer for the first light. The layered structure has an effective thickness to more strongly emit TE polarized light than TM polarized light.

Abstract: An optical scanning system comprises an optical scanning device and a photoreceiver device. The optical scanning device includes a first waveguide array including a plurality of first waveguides through which light beams propagate and from which the light beams are emitted as emission light in an emission direction crossing a propagation direction of the light beams. The photoreceiver device includes a second waveguide array including a plurality of second waveguides disposed in areas on which, when the emission light from the plurality of first waveguides is reflected as reflected light from a target object, the reflected light is incident, the plurality of second waveguides configured to receive the reflected light to propagate the received reflected light as propagating light beams. An array pitch of the plurality of first waveguides in the optical scanning device differs from an array pitch of the plurality of second waveguides in the photoreceiver device.

Abstract: An imaging system includes a light-emitting device, an image sensor, and a control circuit. The light-emitting device includes a light source, a first waveguide that propagates light from the light source by means of total reflection, a second waveguide, and a first adjustment element. The control circuit causes the light source to repeatedly emit light pulses. Further, the control circuit causes at least some of the plurality of photo-detection cells to accumulate the signal charge in synchronization with the emission of the light pulses and thereby causes the image sensor to generate every first period of time a frame based on the signal charge thus accumulated. Furthermore, the control circuit causes the first adjustment element to change the direction of the emitted light from the second waveguide every second period of time that is shorter than or equal to half the first period of time.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes an excitation light source that outputs excitation light; a light-emitting device including a photoluminescent layer that receives the excitation light and emits light including first light having a wavelength ?a in air, and a light-transmissive layer located on or near the photoluminescent layer; and an optical shutter on an optical path of the light emitted from the photoluminescent layer. A surface structure is defined on at least one of the photoluminescent layer and the light-transmissive layer, and the surface structure has projections or recesses or both and limits a directional angle of the first light having the wavelength ?a in air.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a photoluminescent layer and a light-transmissive layer located on the photoluminescent layer. At least one of the photoluminescent layer and the light-transmissive layer has a submicron structure having at least projections or recesses arranged perpendicular to the thickness direction of the photoluminescent layer. At least one of the photoluminescent layer and the light-transmissive layer has a light emitting surface. The first light has a wavelength ?a in air. A distance Dint between adjacent projections or recesses and a refractive index nwav-a of the photoluminescent layer for the first light satisfy ?a/nwav-a<Dint<?a. A thickness of the photoluminescent layer, the refractive index nwav-a, and the distance Dint are set to limit a directional angle of the first light emitted from the light emitting surface.

Abstract: A light-emitting apparatus comprising a photoluminescent layer that emits light in response to excitation light and has a light-emitting surface, the light from the photoluminescent layer being emitted through the light-emitting surface. The light-emitting surface includes a first region and a second region. The light from the photoluminescent layer includes first light having a wavelength ?a in air. The first light emitted through the first region has a smaller directional angle than the first light emitted through the second region.

Abstract: A light-emitting apparatus includes a light-emitting device and an excitation light source. The light-emitting device includes a photoluminescent layer, a light-transmissive layer. At least one of the photoluminescent layer and the light-transmissive layer has a submicron structure having at least projections or recesses. Light emitted from the photoluminescent layer includes first light having a wavelength ?a in air. The distance Dint between adjacent projections or recesses and the refractive index nwav-a of the photoluminescent layer for the first light satisfy ?a/nwav-a<Dint<?a. A thickness of the photoluminescent layer, the refractive index nwav-a, and the distance Dint are set to limit a directional angle of the first light emitted from the light emitting surface. The excitation light source emits excitation light. The light-emitting device is integrally provided with the excitation light source.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a photoluminescent layer, a light-transmissive layer located on the photoluminescent layer, and a multilayer mirror layered together with the photoluminescent layer and the light-transmissive layer. At least one of the photoluminescent layer and the light-transmissive layer has a submicron structure. The submicron structure has at least projections or recesses arranged perpendicular to the thickness direction of the photoluminescent layer. The photoluminescent layer emits light including first light having a wavelength ?a in air. The distance Dint between adjacent projections or recesses and the refractive index nwav-a of the photoluminescent layer for the first light satisfy ?a/nwav-a<Dint<?a. A thickness of the photoluminescent layer, the refractive index nwav-a, and the distance Dint are set to limit a directional angle of the first light emitted from the light emitting surface.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes: a photoluminescent layer that emits light; and a light-transmissive layer on which the emitted light is to be incident. At least one of the photoluminescent layer and the light-transmissive layer defines a surface structure. The surface structure has projections and/or recesses to limit a directional angle of the emitted light. The photoluminescent layer and the light-transmissive layer are curved.

Abstract: This organic electroluminescent element includes: a light transmissive substrate; a light emitting stack including a first electrode, a light emitting layer, and a second electrode; and at least one light-outcoupling structure which has an uneven structure. The light emitting layer has a birefringence property with a higher refractive index in a direction parallel to a surface of the light transmissive substrate than a refractive index in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the light transmissive substrate. The uneven structure includes a plurality of protrusions which are individually allocated to some of planar matrix-like sections, and with regard to unit regions consisting of same number of sections of the planar matrix-like sections, a ratio of an area of one or more of the plurality of protrusions in a unit region is substantially constant in each unit region.

Abstract: A light-emitting device comprises a layered structure between a first layer and a second layer. The first first layer has a refractive index n1 for first light having a wavelength ?a in air. The second layer has a refractive index n2 for the first light. The layered structure comprises: a photoluminescent layer having a first surface facing the first layer and a second surface facing the second layer; and a surface structure disposed on at least one selected from the group consisting of the first surface and the second surface of the photoluminescent layer. The refractive index n1 and the refractive index n2 are lower than a refractive index nwav-a of the photoluminescent layer for the first light. The layered structure has an effective thickness to more strongly emit TE polarized light than TM polarized light.

Abstract: An illuminator includes a light-emitting element and a light extraction sheet which transmits light occurring from the light-emitting element. The light-emitting element includes a first electrode having a light transmitting property, a second electrode, and an emission layer between the first and second electrodes. The light extraction sheet includes a light-transmitting substrate having a first face and a second face, a first light extraction structure on the first face side of the light-transmitting substrate, and a second light extraction structure on the second face side of the light-transmitting substrate. The first light extraction structure includes a low-refractive index layer and a high-refractive index layer having a higher refractive index than the low-refractive index layer. The second light extraction structure is arranged so that light which is transmitted through the light-transmitting substrate and arrives at an incident angle of 60 to 80 degrees has an average transmittance of 20% or more.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a photoluminescent layer that emits light containing first light, a light-transmissive layer located on or near the photoluminescent layer, a low-refractive-index layer and a high-refractive-index layer. A submicron structure is defined on the photoluminescent layer and/or the light-transmissive layer. The low-refractive-index layer is located on or near the photoluminescent layer so that the photoluminescent layer is located between the low-refractive-index layer and light-transmissive layer. The high-refractive-index layer is located on or near the low-refractive-index layer so that the low-refractive-index layer is located between the high-refractive-index layer and the photoluminescent layer.

Abstract: An illuminator includes a light-emitting element and a light extraction sheet which transmits light occurring from the light-emitting element. The light-emitting element includes a first electrode having a light transmitting property, a second electrode, and an emission layer between the first and second electrodes. The light extraction sheet includes a light-transmitting substrate having a first principal face and a second principal face, a first light extraction structure on the first principal face side of the light-transmitting substrate, and a second light extraction structure on the second principal face side of the light-transmitting substrate. The first light extraction structure includes a low-refractive index layer and a high-refractive index layer. The second light extraction structure is arranged so that light which is transmitted through the light-transmitting substrate and arrives at an incident angle of 40 degrees to 60 degrees has an average transmittance of 42% or more.

Abstract: A light-emitting apparatus includes an excitation light source that emits first light; a light-emitting device on an optical path of the first light, the light-emitting device emitting second light having a wavelength in air; and a first converging lens on an optical path of the second light. The light-emitting device comprises: a photoluminescent layer that emits the second light by being excited by the first light; and a light-transmissive layer on the photoluminescent layer. At least one of the photoluminescent layer and the light-transmissive layer has a surface structure comprising projections or recesses arranged perpendicular to a thickness direction of the photoluminescent layer. At least one of the photoluminescent layer and the light-transmissive layer has a light emitting surface perpendicular to the thickness direction, the second light emitted from the light emitting surface. The surface structure limits the directional angle of the second light emittied from the light emitting surface.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes; a photoluminescent layer that emits light; and a light-transmissive layer on which the emitted light is to be incident. At least one of the photoluminescent layer and the light-transmissive layer defines a surface structure. The surface structure has projections and/or recesses to limit a directional angle of the emitted light. The photoluminescent layer and the light-transmissive layer are curved.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a photoluminescent layer that emits light containing first light, a light-transmissive layer located on or near the photoluminescent layer, and one or more reflectors. A submicron structure is defined on at least one of the photoluminescent layer and the light-transmissive layer. The one or more reflector are located outside the submicron structure. The submicron structure includes at least projections or recesses and satisfies the following relationship: ?a/nwav-a<Dint<?a where Dint is a center-to-center distance between adjacent projections or recesses, ?a is the wavelength of the first light in air, and nwav-a is the refractive index of the photoluminescent layer for the first light.