Abstract: A sealed battery (100) provided in the present invention includes an electrode assembly (80), an outer case (40) housing the electrode assembly (80), a sealing lid (20) for closing an opening (42) of the outer case (40), and a current cutoff valve (22) that is deformed by abnormal internal pressure in the outer case (40). A plurality of conductive members (10) for carrying current between the current cutoff valve (22) and electrode assembly (80) are attached to the current cutoff valve (22). The plurality of conductive members (10) are configured so as to be broken off in a stepwise manner by the deformation of the current cutoff valve (22) as a result of abnormal internal pressure, thereby shutting off current flowing between the current cutoff valve (22) and electrode assembly (80).

Abstract: To also intend the improvement of light-emitting efficiency by microcrystallizing light-emitting layer while utilizing vapor-phase growth method that is advantageous for improving crystal quality, and the like. 4 for forming light-emitting layer comprises a substrate single-crystal substrate 1, and an oriented fine crystal layer 3 being formed on the single-crystal substrate 4. One of the crystal axes of respective crystals, which constitute the oriented microcrystal layer 3, is oriented in a specific direction with respect to the single-crystal substrate 1, and an average of the crystal grain diameters of the respective crystals, which constitute the oriented microcrystal layer 3, is adapted to being 1-1,000 nm.

Abstract: A fuel injection device wherein when the combined natural resonant period of a piezo stack and a driving member constituting part of a piezo injector of a fuel injection device is denoted by T, and the voltage rise time taken from the moment the charging to the piezo stack is initiated until the piezo stack is charged to a target charge voltage is denoted by t, then, in order to prevent oscillating loads from being applied to the piezo stack after elapse of the voltage rise time t when t?0.5 T±0.1 T, the voltage rise time t that satisfies the relation 0.6T?t is set in a controller for the piezo injector and, thus, the voltage rise slope of the piezo stack immediately before reaching the end of the voltage rise time t is made gentler to suppress the expansion and contraction force occurring in the piezo stack and thereby enhance the long-term reliability of the piezo stack.