Abstract: A relay includes a movable iron piece, a plate spring fixed to the one surface of the movable iron piece, a shaft hole formed by the one surface of the movable iron piece and the plate spring, and a supporting shaft inserted through the shaft hole. The movable iron piece is rotated around the supporting shaft based on excitation and nonexcitation of a magnetic unit. Both end portions of the plate spring alternately drive a contact point unit. The shaft hole is formed by a flat portion of the one surface of the movable iron piece and a bearing portion formed by subjecting the plate spring to bending work. The movable iron piece is supported so as to be rotatable.

Abstract: A relay driving a plunger includes a movable iron piece, and a movable contact point, and position restricting means. The movable iron piece is configured to rotate around a horizontal shaft center between a contact point base and an electromagnetic unit based on excitation and nonexcitation of an electromagnetic unit placed above the contact point base. The movable contact point is fixed to a lower end portion of the plunger protruding from a lower surface of the contact point base. The movable contact point is contacted with and separated from a fixed contact point. The position restricting means is provided on an upper surface side of the contact point base.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a light source; a bar-shaped light-guiding element having a first light-emitting section, which propagates light from the light source and irradiates an document from an oblique direction, and a second light-emitting section emitting light in a carrying direction of the document; a lens converging the light reflected from the document; a sensor receiving the light passed through the lens; a reflector disposed on the opposite side of the light-guiding element, by reflecting the light from the second light-emitting section such that an optical path of the light emitted from the second light-emitting section is located between the lens and the document, and irradiating the document from an oblique direction; and first and second light-scattering layers formed in areas opposed to the first and the second light-emitting sections, respectively, in the light-guiding element.

Abstract: An illuminator includes a light guide having a circular cross-section, a scatterer that is provided on a portion of the circumference of the circular cross-section and that radiates scattering light toward the inside of the light guide, and a condensing lens that condenses light emitted from the light guide and transforms the light into a linear beam, a planar beam. or a point-like beam. In the illuminator light from the light source is effectively utilized, and the light can efficiently illuminate the required illumination area. In addition, an image reader apparatus can perform high-speed reading using such an illuminator.

Abstract: A method for performing a phase transition of an organic complex in which the phase transition can be performed with a high performance under specific conditions and a functional element using the same are provided. When EDO-TTF-based complex crystals are irradiated with photons as weak as about 1 to about 10 ?J per square centimeter, the EDO-TTF-based complex crystals undergo a phase transition to a metal phase (high temperature phase) and an insulator phase (low temperature phase), thereby changing the reflection spectrum and the electric conductivity. Thus, the operation is performed in a wavelength region of 1.5 to 0.8 ?m with a high-sensitivity, at a high speed, and at room temperature.

Abstract: In a geared motor, a worm wheel, an O-ring, a transmission plate and an output gear are installed to a support shaft. The O-ring is placed in an inner space of a receiving through hole of the transmission plate, through which the support shaft is received. Grease is applied to an outer peripheral surface of the support shaft. A grease relief passage, which relieves the grease, extends between the output gear and the transmission plate.

Abstract: A discharge light-emitting device includes a transparent first substrate, at least two first electrodes formed on the first substrate, a transparent second substrate, at least two second electrodes formed on the second substrate, sidewalls configured to form a discharge space with the first substrate and the second substrate so that the at least two second electrodes are inside the discharge space, at least two first fluorescent layers formed on a discharge space side of the first substrate, and at least two second fluorescent layers formed on a discharge space side of the second substrate.

Abstract: There is provided such a shape of a light-guiding body that can guide light emitted from a LED while reflecting such light under conditions which satisfy total reflection as much as possible within the light-guiding body, to thereby improve the light intensity on the surface of a document in the shorter axial direction (i.e., the sub-scanning direction), and also, the light-guiding body has such an optimized shape of a light-incoming face that makes it possible to control the angle of light fluxes in the longer axial direction (i.e., the main scanning direction) to thereby illuminate the surface of the document with light having an uniform intensity distribution. Further, a reflecting member is provided at a position opposite the light outgoing face of the light-guiding body so as to improve the efficiency of illuminating an objective image-reading region on the surface of the document.

Abstract: A lighting device includes a light source that illuminates an object of illumination, a reflecting member provided opposite the light source so as to direct a first part of illuminating light emitted therefrom to the object of illumination, and a light-blocking member provided between the light source and the object of illumination and between the reflecting member and the object of illumination. The light-blocking member blocks the first directed part of the illuminating light and a second part of the illuminating light directly illuminating the object of illumination with a certain ratio of a light-blocking rate for the first directed part of the illuminating light to a light-blocking rate for the second directly illuminating part of the illuminating light.

Abstract: There is provided such a shape of a light-guiding body that can guide light emitted from a LED while reflecting such light under conditions which satisfy total reflection as much as possible within the light-guiding body, to thereby improve the light intensity on the surface of a document in the shorter axial direction (i.e., the sub-scanning direction), and also, the light-guiding body has such an optimized shape of a light-incoming face that makes it possible to control the angle of light fluxes in the longer axial direction (i.e., the main scanning direction) to thereby illuminate the surface of the document with light having an uniform intensity distribution. Further, a reflecting member is provided at a position opposite the light outgoing face of the light-guiding body so as to improve the efficiency of illuminating an objective image-reading region on the surface of the document.

Abstract: Light emitted from first fluorescent layers 30 and second fluorescent layers 31 located on both sides of the central part extending in longitudinal direction of first substrate 22 and second substrate 23 is reflected at an original 43 located on the opposite side of a discharge space of the second substrate 23. Then, the reflected light goes through the central part extending in longitudinal direction of the first substrate 22 and second substrate 23, and is converged into the lens 44 disposed on the opposite side of the discharge space of the first substrate 22. The reflected light thus converged is then detected by a sensor 46. As a result, brightness can be improved due to the light sources being the integrally formed fluorescent layers on both sides, eventually making it possible to reduce the cost.

Abstract: A lighting device includes a light source that illuminates an object of illumination, a reflecting member provided opposite the light source so as to direct a first part of illuminating light emitted therefrom to the object of illumination, and a light-blocking member provided between the light source and the object of illumination and between the reflecting member and the object of illumination. The light-blocking member blocks the first directed part of the illuminating light and a second part of the illuminating light directly illuminating the object of illumination with a certain ratio of a light-blocking rate for the first directed part of the illuminating light to a light-blocking rate for the second directly illuminating part of the illuminating light.

Abstract: An advertising tool as an alternative to a conventional advertising form of printed matters is provided, which is capable of providing the advertising content in digital form, thereby requiring no manual hands in changing advertising contents, permitting timely attractive advertisements to be offered to the public.

Abstract: A cement pumpability-enhancing additive which confers good pumpability on cementitious compositions such as concrete consists essentially of(a) polyethylene glycol;(b) diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and/or a derivative thereof;(c) polysaccharide; and(d) a thickening polymer selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic acid derivatives, polyacrylic amide derivatives, cellulose ethers, polyphenyl ethers and polyalkylene glycol fatty acid esters;the weight solids proportions of (a), (b), (c), and (d) in the additive being respectively 5-55%, 10-80%, 1-20% and 1-20%. The additive is preferably used with a cement dispersing agent.

Abstract: An optical scanner including a semiconductor laser device, aperture, collimator, cylindrical lens, polygonal mirror and one f.theta. lens element molded from plastics. The first surface of the f.theta. lens in a deflecting plane (or the plane formed by the principal rays of light as deflected by the polygonal mirror) is aspheric whereas the second lens surface is toric. When taken in the deflecting plane, the first lens surface has a positive value of the near-axis radius of curvature and, hence, it is convex toward the polygonal mirror. Taken in a plane crossing the deflecting plane at right angles, the first lens surface forms an arc of a circle having a negative value of the radius of curvature and, hence, it is concave toward the polygonal mirror. When taken in the deflecting plane, the second lens surface forms an arc of a circle having a negative value of the radius of curvature and, hence, it is convex toward the scanning surface.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus is disclosed which comprises: a polygonal mirror for receiving a laser beam modulated by an image signal and for repetitively deflecting the laser beam by every line of the image signal; a single lens having spherical surfaces for receiving the deflected laser beam by the polygonal mirror; a planoconvex cylindrical lens having a refractive power only in a deflection direction of the laser beam with a convex surface of the planoconvex cylindrical lens being directed toward a plane to be scanned for receiving the laser beam which has passed through the single lens; and a concave cylindrical mirror having a refractive power only in a direction perpendicular to the deflection direction of the laser beam for reflecting the laser beam, which has passed through the planoconvex cylindrical lens, toward the plane to be scanned for forming an image. The second spherical surface of the single lens may be made aspheric. The single lens may be made of plastic.

Abstract: Improved optical scanner comprises semiconductor laser 10, aperture 12, collimator 14, cylindrical lens 16, polygonal mirror 18 and single-element f.theta. lens 22 which is formed of an amorphous polyolefin as a plastic material. Surface S1 of f.theta. lens 22 which is on the side adjacent polygonal mirror 18 is aspheric and asymmetrical with respect to an axis of rotation, and opposite surface S2 on the side adjacent photoreceptor drum 26 is also aspheric but symmetrical with respect to an axis of rotation. Lens surface S1 is an anamorphic aspheric surface which is convex toward polygonal mirror 18 in the deflecting plane due to the positivity of the paraaxial radius of curvature R1M but which is concave toward the polygonal mirror 18 in the plane orthogonal to the deflecting plane due to the negativity of the paraaxial radius of curvature R1S.

Abstract: An optical scanner including a semiconductor laser device, aperture, collimator, cylindrical lens, polygonal mirror and one f.theta. lens element molded from plastics. The first surface of the f.theta. lens in a deflecting plane (or the plane formed by the principal rays of light as deflected by the polygonal mirror) is aspheric whereas the second lens surface is toric. When taken in the deflecting plane, the first lens surface has a positive value of the near-axis radius of curvature and, hence, it is convex toward the polygonal mirror. Taken in a plane crossing the deflecting plane at right angles, the first lens surface forms an arc of a circle having a negative value of the radius of curvature and, hence, it is concave toward the polygonal mirror. When taken in the deflecting plane, the second lens surface forms an arc of a circle having a negative value of the radius of curvature and, hence, it is convex toward the scanning surface.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus is disclosed which comprises: a polygonal mirror for receiving a laser beam modulated by an image signal and for repetitively deflecting the laser beam by every line of the image signal; a single lens having spherical surfaces for receiving the deflected laser beam by the polygonal mirror; a planoconvex cylindrical lens having a refractive power only in a deflection direction of the laser beam with a convex surface of the planoconvex cylindrical lens being directed toward a plane to be scanned for receiving the laser beam which has passed through the single lens; and a concave cylindrical mirror having a refractive power only in a direction perpendicular to the deflection direction of the laser beam for reflecting the laser beam, which has passed through the planoconvex cylindrical lens, toward the plane to be scanned for forming an image. The second spherical surface of the single lens may be made aspheric. The single lens may be made of plastic.

Abstract: An optical scanner for use with laser printers and the like. In the optical scanner, a semiconductor laser device is combined with an aperture and a collimator lens which is one single spherical planoconvex lens for collimating the emerging laser beam, the aperture and the collimator lens being arranged in that order on the side of the laser device from which the laser beam issues. The planar side of the collimator lens is directed towards the semiconductor laser device. The collimated laser beam is focused by a cylindrical lens to form a line image elongated in the main scanning direction. A polygonal mirror for deflecting the incident laser beam at a substantially uniform angular velocity in the main scanning direction is positioned in such a way that a reflecting surface of the mirror coincides with the position where the line image forms or with a nearby area. The beam reflected from the polygonal mirror is launched into an f.theta.