Abstract: A distributed feedback semiconductor laser of includes a semiconductor stacked body and a first electrode. The semiconductor stacked body includes a first layer, an active layer that is provided on the first layer and is configured to emit laser light by an intersubband optical transition, and a second layer that is provided on the active layer. The semiconductor stacked body has a first surface including a flat portion and a trench portion; the flat portion includes a front surface of the second layer; the trench portion reaches the first layer from the front surface; the flat portion includes a first region and a second region; the first region extends along a first straight line; the second region extends to be orthogonal to the first straight line; and the trench portion and the second region outside the first region form a diffraction grating having a prescribed pitch along the first straight line. The first electrode is provided in the first region.

Abstract: A method of producing an electrode-equipped plate spring of a railcar bogie includes: a resin removing step of partially irradiating a surface of fiber-reinforced resin, prepared by including electrically conductive fibers in resin, of a plate spring with a laser beam to partially remove the resin and partially expose the electrically conductive fibers; and an electrode forming step of attaching an electrode to an exposed region formed by partially exposing the electrically conductive fibers of the fiber-reinforced resin.

Abstract: A method, system and computer program of managing an access right to at least one asset associated with at least one digital work order, or to at least one element associated with the asset, and provides a system and a computer program for the same. The method includes the steps of: loading a security policy associated with the work order, the asset, or the element; starting to monitor location information of the asset or the element and a moving object, or a elapsed time of the moving object at the location; and issuing an event for managing the asset, the element or the moving object in response to the start of the work order or in response to the fact that the loaded security policy is violated by any of the locations, a change in the location, or the elapsed time at the location obtained by the monitoring.

Abstract: A method, system and computer program of managing an access right to at least one asset associated with at least one digital work order, or to at least one element associated with the asset, and provides a system and a computer program for the same. The method includes the steps of: loading a security policy associated with the work order, the asset, or the element; starting to monitor location information of the asset or the element and a moving object, or a elapsed time of the moving object at the location; and issuing an event for managing the asset, the element or the moving object in response to the start of the work order or in response to the fact that the loaded security policy is violated by any of the locations, a change in the location, or the elapsed time at the location obtained by the monitoring.

Abstract: Provided are an information distribution device, system, program, and method that can increase the effectiveness of advertisements. The information distribution device selects advertisements to distribute based on viewer attributes collected while distributing content to a display unit.

Abstract: A distributed feedback semiconductor laser of includes a semiconductor stacked body and a first electrode. The semiconductor stacked body includes a first layer, an active layer that is provided on the first layer and is configured to emit laser light by an intersubband optical transition, and a second layer that is provided on the active layer. The semiconductor stacked body has a first surface including a flat portion and a trench portion; the flat portion includes a front surface of the second layer; the trench portion reaches the first layer from the front surface; the flat portion includes a first region and a second region; the first region extends along a first straight line; the second region extends to be orthogonal to the first straight line; and the trench portion and the second region outside the first region form a diffraction grating having a prescribed pitch along the first straight line. The first electrode is provided in the first region.

Abstract: A surface emitting quantum cascade laser includes an active layer, a first semiconductor layer, and first electrode. The active layer has a plurality of quantum well layers stacked therein. The active layer is capable of emitting laser light by inter-subband transition. The first semiconductor layer is provided on the active layer and having a first surface provided with a plurality of pits so as to constitute a two-dimensional lattice. The first electrode is provided on the first semiconductor layer and having a periodic opening. Each pit is asymmetric with respect to a line parallel to a side of the lattice. The laser light is emitted in a direction generally perpendicular to the active layer from a pit exposed to the opening.

Abstract: A surface emitting quantum cascade laser includes an active layer, a first semiconductor layer, and first electrode. The active layer has a plurality of quantum well layers stacked therein. The active layer is capable of emitting laser light by inter-subband transition. The first semiconductor layer is provided on the active layer and having a first surface provided with a plurality of pits so as to constitute a two-dimensional lattice. The first electrode is provided on the first semiconductor layer and having a periodic opening. Each pit is asymmetric with respect to a line parallel to a side of the lattice. The laser light is emitted in a direction generally perpendicular to the active layer from a pit exposed to the opening.

Abstract: A waveguide orthomode transducer includes a first radio wave conducting means for conducting an electric wave of a horizontally polarized wave branched by an electric wave branch means, for conducting another electric wave of the horizontally polarized wave, for combining the electric waves of the horizontally polarized wave into one electric wave and dividing this electric wave into an electric wave of a basic mode and an electric wave of a higher mode, and for outputting them, and a second radio wave conducting means for conducting one electric wave of a vertically polarized wave branched by the electric wave branch means, for conducting another electric wave of the vertically polarized wave, for combining the electric waves of the vertically polarized wave into one electric wave and dividing this electric wave into an electric wave of a basic mode and an electric wave of a higher mode, and for outputting them.

Abstract: A film quality inspecting method comprising applying a measuring beam having a specific wavelength to an annealed silicon film formed on a substrate in a direction inclined with respect to the silicon film, measuring a reflection intensity or reflectivity of a reflection beam reflected by the silicon film as a result of the application, and inspecting a film quality of the silicon film based on a measurement value obtained by the measurement.

Abstract: A waveguide orthomode transducer includes a first radio wave conducting means for conducting an electric wave of a horizontally polarized wave branched by an electric wave branch means, for conducting another electric wave of the horizontally polarized wave, for combining the electric waves of the horizontally polarized wave into one electric wave and dividing this electric wave into an electric wave of a basic mode and an electric wave of a higher mode, and for outputting them, and a second radio wave conducting means for conducting one electric wave of a vertically polarized wave branched by the electric wave branch means, for conducting another electric wave of the vertically polarized wave, for combining the electric waves of the vertically polarized wave into one electric wave and dividing this electric wave into an electric wave of a basic mode and an electric wave of a higher mode, and for outputting them.

Abstract: A connection structure is provided, which can perform an electrical connection between high-frequency circuit substrates in a manner of high workability and productivity. A connection structure comprises: a high-frequency transmission line lead frame connecting a first high-frequency transmission line formed on a first high-frequency circuit substrate to a second high-frequency transmission line formed on a second high-frequency circuit substrate; a plurality of GND electrode lead frames disposed in parallel to the high-frequency transmission line lead frame on both sides thereof, and providing a connection between a first GND electrode of the first high-frequency circuit substrate and a second GND electrode of the second high-frequency circuit substrate; and a reinforcing substrate integrally securing the high-frequency transmission line lead frame and a plurality of GND electrode lead frames.

Abstract: A connection structure is provided, which can perform an electrical connection between high-frequency circuit substrates in a manner of high workability and productivity. A connection structure comprises: a high-frequency transmission line lead frame connecting a first high-frequency transmission line formed on a first high-frequency circuit substrate to a second high-frequency transmission line formed on a second high-frequency circuit substrate; a plurality of GND electrode lead frames disposed in parallel to the high-frequency transmission line lead frame on both sides thereof, and providing a connection between a first GND electrode of the first high-frequency circuit substrate and a second GND electrode of the second high-frequency circuit substrate; and a reinforcing substrate integrally securing the high-frequency transmission line lead frame and a plurality of GND electrode lead frames.

Abstract: A film quality inspecting method comprising applying a measuring beam having a specific wavelength to an annealed silicon film formed on a substrate in a direction inclined with respect to the silicon film, measuring a reflection intensity or reflectivity of a reflection beam reflected by the silicon film as a result of the application, and inspecting a film quality of the silicon film based on a measurement value obtained by the measurement.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a liquid crystal display apparatus including (1) a liquid crystal panel including an electrodes substrate provided with pixel electrodes and counter electrodes, a counter substrate which opposes the electrodes substrate, and a liquid crystal layer containing therein liquid crystal molecules which are driven by an electric field that is generated in a substantially parallel manner with respect to a surface of the electrodes substrate when voltage is applied on the pixel electrodes and counter electrodes; and (2) a driving circuit for supplying predetermined electric signals to the pixel electrodes and the counter electrodes, wherein inclining directions of liquid crystal molecules which are closest to the electrodes substrate and those of liquid crystal molecules which are closest to the counter substrate are identical, and aligning directions of liquid crystal molecules which are closest to the electrodes substrate and those of liquid crystal molecules which are closest to the

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an in-plane switching liquid crystal display apparatus which includes forming on a TFT array substrate, a plurality of scanning signal lines, a plurality of image signal lines each crossing the scanning signal lines, thin film transistors at each intersection of the scanning signal lines and image signal lines, liquid crystal driving electrodes opposing the liquid crystal driving electrodes, and common signal lines connected to the common electrodes. Further, the method includes opposing a counter substrate to the TFT array substrate, interposing a plurality of spacers in a gap between the TFT array substrate and the counter substrate, and interposing a sealing agent in the gap between the TFT array substrate and the counter substrate so as to adhere the TFT array substrate and the counter substrate at peripheral portions thereof.

Abstract: A liquid crystal displaying apparatus high in display quality is provided which is high in aperture ratio and is free from the cross talk. In an liquid crystal displaying apparatus of the present invention, having an array substrate provided with a plurality of scanning wirings and a plurality of signal wirings, active elements, pixel electrodes, and a first alignment film, and an counter substrate provided with a common electrode and a second alignment film, and a liquid crystal layer where the liquid crystal molecule is aligned by the first and second alignment films positioned on a space between the array substrate and the counter substrate, a third alignment film where mutually different distortion is given to the liquid crystal molecule is formed about the intermediate region between the adjacent pixel electrodes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal displaying apparatus high in display quality is provided which is high in aperture ratio and is free from the cross talk. In an liquid crystal displaying apparatus of the present invention, having an array substrate provided with a plurality of scanning wirings and a plurality of signal wirings, active elements, pixel electrodes, and a first alignment film, and an counter substrate provided with a common electrode and a second alignment film, and a liquid crystal layer where the liquid crystal molecule is aligned by the first and second alignment films positioned on a space between the array substrate and the counter substrate, a third alignment film where mutually different distortion is given to the liquid crystal molecule is formed about the intermediate region between the adjacent pixel electrodes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a scattering-polarizer provided between a liquid crystal and a back light for transmitting a polarization component in one direction of light from back light, but scattering and reflecting a polarization component in a direction which is orthogonal thereto: and a scattered light reflector reflecting the reflected and scattered light toward scattering-polarizer along with the polarization component in above mentioned one direction. Thus, a liquid crystal display which is inexpensive and has high display quality with reduced power consumption is obtained.

Abstract: A reflective type liquid crystal display providing brighter display than a conventional device and usable in a dark place is provided. The reflective type liquid crystal display includes liquid crystal and a scattering-polarizer as a main optical element which transmits a polarized light component in one direction to the backside of the liquid crystal and reflects with scattering a polarized light component orthogonal to that one direction in the opposite direction to the advancing direction of the light.