Abstract: Double shearing rams designed for use in a standard ram-type blowout preventer used in oil and gas drilling and workover operations are disclosed. The double shearing rams include an upper shear ram and a mating lower shear ram. The upper shear ram includes an upper cutting blade and a lower guide blade vertically spaced to form a cavity therebetween. The cavity is sized to receive the lower ram's cutting blade in close fitting engagement when the rams are closed. The upper shear ram has a primary cutting edge formed on its leading edge and a secondary edge vertically and axially displaced from the primary cutting edge. During shearing operations, initial movement of the shear rams allows the upper shear ram's primary cutting edge to cooperate with the lower shear ram's cutting blade to make an initial shear of the member or members in the blowout preventer's bore.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for controlling the rate of application of a machine tool to a work piece by compressing a lubricating agent, and then distributing the compressed lubricating agent to lubricate and cool a cutting point of the machine tool. A rod (15) translates axial forces from the machine tool (170) to compress a lubricating agent provided in a compression chamber (70). The pressurization of the lubricating agent creates a counter force to regulate the motion of the machine tool (170), and also forces a lubricating mist out of an exhaust opening (75) which can be directed by an air passage (80) to any point where lubrication is desired.

Abstract: An impulse tool (10) including an impulse generator (19, 119) utilizes an enhanced seal to reduce leakage of hydraulic fluid. The annular clearance in the pressure plate (24, 124) is sealed around the spindle (30, 130) with a resilient seal (38, 138). A primary passage (40, 140) through the pressure plate is provided to compensate for expansion of the fluid. The use of the primary passage (40, 140), which is not susceptible to enlargement due to wear, minimizes pressure peaks in the accumulator reservoir (42, 142), and results in less leakage.

Abstract: A pneumatic tool (10) is described for diverting exhaust air from an air motor (18) between a rearward opening (22), a forward opening (24), or both, without requiring any disassembly. An exhaust diverting valve selector (26) allows adjustment of the direction of flow as determined by an exhaust diverting valve (60) from the exterior of tool (10). A method of manufacturing a pneumatic tool (10) with an exhaust diverting valve (60) is also disclosed.