Abstract: A heating element for a surface component is for forming an inner surface in a vehicle. The heating element has at least one film of an electrically conductive polymer material with a two-dimensionally formed electrical conductivity and also at least two electrical conductors, which are at least in certain portions spaced apart from one another and are fixed in a parallel electrically conducting manner to the electrically conductive polymer material in such a way that electrical power can be applied to the electrically conductive polymer material by way of the at least two conductors.

Abstract: A heating element for a surface component is for forming an inner surface in a vehicle. The heating element has at least one film of an electrically conductive polymer material with a two-dimensionally formed electrical conductivity and also at least two electrical conductors, which are at least in certain portions spaced apart from one another and are fixed in a parallel electrically conducting manner to the electrically conductive polymer material in such a way that electrical power can be applied to the electrically conductive polymer material by way of the at least two conductors.

Abstract: A battery includes a housing and at least one battery cell, which has at least one anode and one cathode as electrodes and a separator layer, which separates the anode and the cathode from one another. The battery also has at least one heating element, which is arranged in a manner connected to the battery cell in the housing in a thermally conductive manner. The heating element includes at least one electrically conductive polymer material and an electrical first conductor and an electrical second conductor. The electrical conductors are arranged in electrical conductive contact with the polymer material and are arranged at a distance from one another, with the result that electrical power can be applied to the electrically conductive polymer material via the at least two conductors.