Abstract: Binders based on a reaction product of

Abstract: A process for the isolation and purification of essentially fatty acid mixtures, which in addition to the methyl branched fatty acids contain saturated and unsaturated, respectively straight chain as well as methyl branched, unsaturated fatty acids, in which the industrial fatty acid mixtures are first hydrogenated by catalysis and then the methyl branched saturated fatty acids are separated, and in which before the hydrogenation if necessary, a separation by the hydrophilization process is provided, this process produces the desired products with a high yield and purity.

Abstract: An aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic composition useful for washing or rinsing hair which contains a water-soluble ionic polymer and from about 0.1 to 20% by weight of a water soluble salt of a di- or tri-carboxylic acid containing from 6 to 44 carbon atoms. The ionic polymers may be cationic, anionic, amphoteric or zwitter-ionic. Preferred di- or tri-carboxylic acids are those in which two of the carboxyl groups are separated from one another by at least 3 carbon atoms. The composition further includes a quaternary ammonium compound as a preferred component. Hair rinses preferably contain as an additional ingredient from about 0.1 to 10% by weight of a water-insoluble cosmetic oil or fat component, while shampoos additionally contain from about 1 to 25% by weight of anionic, ampholytic, zwitter-ionic or nonionic surfactant.

Abstract: A method for corrosion inhibition in oil or oil emulsions comprising adding thereto a corrosion-inhibition-effective amount of at least one salt corresponding to the general formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a linear or branched C.sub.8-36 alkyl or C.sub.8-36 alkenyl or a mono- or polyethoxylated C.sub.8-18 alkyl containing from 1 to 10 ethoxy groups,R.sup.2 is a linear or branched C.sub.10-20 alkyl andM is half an equivalent of a divalent metal which is magnesium, calcium, barium, or zinc.

Abstract: The C.sub.2-4 -alkanolamine salts of alkenyl succinic acid dialkyl semiamides are used as corrosion inhibitors in aqueous systems.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of a concentrate containing sterol compounds of natural origin, which concentrate is suitable as a starting material for the transformation of sterol compounds by fermentation, which comprises the steps of:(a) transesterifying distillation residues from the processing of natural fats and/or oils with a lower alcohol; and(b) subjecting the product of step (a) to molecular distillation to produce a main fraction having a content of up to about 50 percent by weight of sterol compounds.The invention also relates to sterol concentrates produced thereby and their transformation to valuable secondary products.

Abstract: A process for the conjugation of the double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids or mixtures of fatty acids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids comprising treating said fatty acids with SO.sub.2 in the presence of substoichiometric amounts of soap-forming bases in a closed reaction vessel or in a reaction vessel equipped with a reflux condenser, at a temperature range of from 170.degree. C. to 260.degree. C.; particularly wherein the process is performed in the presence of from 0.5 to 25 mol % of SO.sub.2, 0.5 to 25 mol % of soap-forming alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal compounds, and 0.05 to 2% by weight, based on the fatty acid starting material, of water.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of a concentrate containing sterol compounds of natural origin, which concentrate is suitable as a starting material for the transformation of sterol compounds by fermentation, which comprises the steps of:(a) transesterifying distillation residues from the processing of natural fats and/or oils with a lower alcohol; and(b) subjecting the product of step (a) to molecular distillation to produce a main fraction having a content of up to about 50 percent by weight of sterol compounds.The invention also relates to sterol concentrates produced thereby and their transformation to valuable secondary products.

Abstract: For the production of 17-C-steroid-.alpha.-propionic acid compounds by microbial side chain degradation on 17-C-side chain steroid substrates wild strain microorganisms selected in predetermined manner are subjected to a multi-stage mutation and selection. The resultant mutant strains are capable of supplying the desired compounds, e.g. .DELTA.-4 BNC and/or .DELTA.-1,4 BNC in high yields even in the absence of inhibitors arresting the growth and/or degradation of the steroid ring. Wild strains and mutants particularly suitable, and their choice, production and use, are described.

Abstract: A process for the production of useful steroids obtained by side chain degradation of sterol source materials through the use of microorganisms is described.

Abstract: A method for isolating sterols from the distillation residues of industrial fat processing comprising transesterifying said residues with methanol and then isolating said sterols from the transesterification mixture by adduct formation with CaCl.sub.2 in an aprotic solvent and with slight addition of a protic solvent.