Abstract: Described herein are methods, metrics and apparatus for bandwidth allocation for cognitive radio. Information that needs to be passed between different components of a dynamic spectrum management (DSM) system for dynamic bandwidth allocation along with the corresponding interfaces is identified. Methods and associated metrics for measuring network performance, evaluating channel sensing results and handling various bandwidth allocation scenarios are presented. Also provided is an admission control mechanism for quality of service support. Alternate channel monitoring may be performed in the background so that when a new channel is needed, an alternate channel may be immediately allocated and service disruption to the DSM system is reduced. A channel may be dynamically assigned as the primary channel in multiple channel scenarios to support tasks such as transmission of acknowledgment frames.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a secondary wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) to use of secondary cellular spectrum are provided. The secondary WTRU monitors transmissions of a primary WTRU; determines whether to provide assistance to the primary WTRU; and in response to a determination to provide assistance, performs cooperative communications with the primary WTRU for its transmission of data to a base station. If the assistance results in the data being transmitted to the base station faster than it would have with out assistance, the secondary WTRU may utilize uplink resources originally intended for the primary WTRU.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed to schedule user equipment (UE) measurements. An HeNB may identify a first cluster of UEs and a second cluster of UEs. The HeNB may determine a measuring gap schedule relating to the first cluster of UEs and the second cluster of UEs. The measuring gap schedule may indicate a measurement time for each cluster. The measurement time may indicate that UEs in a cluster withhold a transmission during the measurement time. The UEs in the cluster may measure a spectrum (e.g., frequency, channel, etc.) associated with a supplementary cell during the measurement time. The HeNB may send the measuring gap schedule to the first cluster of UEs and the second cluster of UEs. The HeNB may receive spectrum measurements of the supplementary cell from the first cluster of UEs and the second cluster of UEs, e.g., in accordance with the measuring gap schedule.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating supplementary cells in licensed exempt (LE) spectrum. An aggregating cell operating in a frequency division duplex (FDD) licensed spectrum is aggregated with a LE supplementary cell operating in a time sharing mode for uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) operations. The LE supplementary cell may be an FDD supplementary cell dynamically configurable between an UL only mode, a DL only mode, and a shared mode, to match requested UL and DL traffic ratios. The LE supplementary cell may be a time division duplex (TDD) supplementary cell. The TDD supplementary cell may be dynamically configurable between multiple TDD configurations. A coexistence capability for coordinating operations between the LE supplementary cell with other systems operating in the same channel is provided. Coexistence gaps are provided to measure primary/secondary user usage and permit other systems operating in the LE supplementary cell channel to access the channel.

Abstract: Systems and methods for integrating bandwidth management (BWM) equipment into a network in order to manage the use of bandwidth over multiple radio access technologies (RATs) relating to communications between a wireless transmit receive unit and a mobile core network (MCN). When integrating itself into the network, a BWM server may be placed between a MCN and an femto access point. In order for WTRUs to communicate with the MCN through the femto access point and a BWM server, a BWM server may need deep packet inspection capabilities.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described. According to a method, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) communicates with a base station using a first base station operating frequency and a set of cell configuration parameters. The WTRU receives information indicating a second base station operating frequency to use for communications with the base station at a given time. The WTRU communicates with the base station using the second base station operating frequency and the same set of cell configuration parameters on or after the given time.

Abstract: A dynamic spectrum management (DSM) engine may determine the channel quality of one or more channels associated with the DSM engine when packets are not being transmitted over the channels. For example, the DSM engine may trigger a channel quality measurement on a non-primary channel on a condition that a predetermined period of time has lapsed since the last activity associated with the non-primary channel. Channel quality measurement may be triggered via a data sending event on the non-primary channel such as sending a data frame on the non-primary channel. The DSM engine may perform respective quality measurements on multiple channels and store the respective quality values in a database. Time-averaged channel qualities for the channels may be computed based on the stored quality values for computing transmit power distribution of across the channels.

Abstract: WTRUs, ARSs, APs, WLG/AAA proxies, networks, and methods thereon are disclosed for fast security setup on a multi-RAT WTRU. Methods of sharing security associations between RATs on a multi-RAT WTRU are disclosed. Methods of caching security associations are disclosed. Methods are disclosed for alerting an ANDSF server of an AP that should be considered for association. Enhancements to advertisements from an AP are disclosed where the advertisements may include SSID with a FQDN, a HESSID type information, or TAI type information. Methods of resolving AP identities to a reachable address are disclosed. An address resolution protocol is disclosed for resolving AP identities. ARSs are disclosed that may resolve a BSSID to a network routable address. Protocols for carrying AP identities and security parameters are disclosed. Methods are disclosed of using ANDSF to provide the WTRU with security information and parameters of an AP. An RSN may indicate security capabilities.

Abstract: A method for sensing measurement gap scheduling includes allocating a new supplementary carrier in a license-exempt spectrum by a radio resource management (RRM) entity in an evolved Node B (eNB); configuring a local cognitive sensing entity in the eNB by the RRM entity; configuring a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) for cognitive sensing through radio resource control (RRC) signaling, the RRC signaling being generated by the eNB; configuring a local cognitive sensing entity at the WTRU by a dynamic spectrum management (DSM) entity; and signaling a start and a duration of a measurement gap to an enhanced sensing component.

Abstract: A method of generating an index value associated with a primary synchronization code within a communication signal includes splitting a sampled communication signal into even and odd samples. The even and odd samples are correlated with a primary synchronization code of the communication signal and complex values of the even and odd samples are generated. Signal strength values for the even and odd samples are approximated and the approximate signal strength values within a frame of the communication signal are accumulated. A highest accumulated signal strength value is assigned as an index value.

Abstract: A neighborhood multimedia sharing controller (NMSC) includes a dynamic spectrum management (DSM) management entity configured to allocate multimedia packets to available unlicensed frequency bands for use by a respective radio access technology (RAT) selected from several RAT physical layers, based on quality of service (QoS) requirements of multimedia applications. A network interface of the NMSC enables peer-to-peer communication with at least one other NMSC to coordinate a cluster of ad hoc network nodes based on detected common multimedia stream patterns.

Abstract: A method of generating an index value associated with a primary synchronization code within a communication signal includes splitting a sampled communication signal into even and odd samples. The even and odd samples are correlated with a primary synchronization code of the communication signal and complex values of the even and odd samples are generated. Signal strength values for the even and odd samples are approximated and the approximate signal strength values within a frame of the communication signal are accumulated. A highest accumulated signal strength value is assigned as an index value.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for use in connection with wireless communication to adjust the frequency of an oscillator to synchronize with a received signal by correlating a synchronization code channel with training sequences to estimate relative offsets which are employed to estimate an error, which is then filtered. The filtered output preferably provides a voltage controlling a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). The same technique may be employed to control a numeric controlled oscillator (NCO).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a secondary wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) to use of secondary cellular spectrum are provided. The secondary WTRU monitors transmissions of a primary WTRU; determines whether to provide assistance to the primary WTRU; and in response to a determination to provide assistance, performs cooperative communications with the primary WTRU for its transmission of data to a base station. If the assistance results in the data being transmitted to the base station faster than it would have with out assistance, the secondary WTRU may utilize uplink resources originally intended for the primary WTRU.

Abstract: A method for use in a Dynamic Spectrum Manager (DSM) for coordinating asynchronous silent periods in a network, the method comprising detecting a primary user in the network, transmitting a Silent Period Start Control Message to one or more cognitive radio (CR) nodes in the network, wherein the message indicates the start and duration of a silent period and initiates spectrum sensing, receiving a Measurement Report Control Message from the one or more CR nodes in the network indicating results of spectrum sensing, and transmitting a message to the one or more CR nodes, wherein the message instructs the one or more CR nodes to move to a different frequency based on the spectrum sensing results.

Abstract: An adaptive equalizer including an equalizer filter and a tap coefficients generator used to process a sample data stream derived from a plurality of received signals is disclosed. The tap coefficients generator includes an equalizer tap update unit, a vector norm square estimator, an active taps mask generator, a switch and a pilot amplitude reference unit used to minimize the dynamic range of the equalizer filter. A dynamic mask vector is used to mask active taps generated by the equalizer tap update unit when an unmasked signal output by the equalizer filter is selected by the switch to generate an error signal fed to the equalizer tap update unit. A fixed mask vector is used to mask active taps generated by the equalizer tap update unit when a masked signal output by the equalizer filter is used to generate the error signal.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) and a dynamic spectrum management (DSM) engine are described. The WTRU includes a transceiver, a radio frequency (RF) spectrum sensing unit and a processing unit. The transceiver transmits over a wireless link. The RF spectrum sensing unit measures information indicative of usage of a spectrum by other devices. The processing unit detects a change in performance of the wireless link, controls the transceiver to transmit a notification to a DSM engine indicating that the change in the performance of the wireless link was detected on a condition that the processing unit detects the change in performance of the wireless link, and receives a sensing task request for the WTRU to measure the information indicative of the usage of the spectrum by other devices based on the notification transmitted to the DSM engine indicating that the change in the performance of the wireless link was detected.

Abstract: An adaptive equalizer including an equalizer filter and a tap coefficients generator used to process a sample data stream derived from a plurality of received signals is disclosed. The tap coefficients generator includes an equalizer tap update unit, a vector norm square estimator, an active taps mask generator, a switch and a pilot amplitude reference unit used to minimize the dynamic range of the equalizer filter. A dynamic mask vector is used to mask active taps generated by the equalizer tap update unit when an unmasked signal output by the equalizer filter is selected by the switch to generate an error signal fed to the equalizer tap update unit. A fixed mask vector is used to mask active taps generated by the equalizer tap update unit when a masked signal output by the equalizer filter is used to generate the error signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for synchronizing a network. A plurality of existing nodes in the network may transmit beacons in accordance with a round-robin scheduling sequence. A new joining node may receive a beacon from a specific one of the existing nodes during a beacon interval, and transmit a join beacon frame during the beacon interval after waiting a random period of time. The specific existing node may receive the join beacon frame and transmit a notification to the other existing nodes in the network indicating that a new node is joining the network. Alternatively, the existing nodes may transmit a primary synchronization sequence (PSS) and a secondary synchronization sequence (SSS). After a new node receives the PSS and SSS from a specific one of the existing nodes, the new node may generate a random access channel (RACH) preamble indicating that it desires to join the network.

Abstract: A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) provides facilitation of cell search. In one embodiment, received samples are split into a plurality of sample sets for processing. Each of the sets is processed and an accumulated result is divided by an estimated noise value. In another embodiment, a code correlator correlates the received signal with a primary synchronization code and an auxiliary code correlator having a same length as the code correlator correlates the received signal with a code having a low cross correlation with the primary synchronization code. In another embodiment, a division of an accumulated result with a noise estimate is performed using indexes of the most significant bits.