Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) and a dynamic spectrum management (DSM) engine are described. The WTRU includes a transceiver, a radio frequency (RF) spectrum sensing unit and a processing unit. The transceiver transmits over a wireless link. The RF spectrum sensing unit measures information indicative of usage of a spectrum by other devices. The processing unit detects a change in performance of the wireless link, controls the transceiver to transmit a notification to a DSM engine indicating that the change in the performance of the wireless link was detected on a condition that the processing unit detects the change in performance of the wireless link, and receives a sensing task request for the WTRU to measure the information indicative of the usage of the spectrum by other devices based on the notification transmitted to the DSM engine indicating that the change in the performance of the wireless link was detected.

Abstract: An adaptive equalizer including an equalizer filter and a tap coefficients generator used to process a sample data stream derived from a plurality of received signals is disclosed. The tap coefficients generator includes an equalizer tap update unit, a vector norm square estimator, an active taps mask generator, a switch and a pilot amplitude reference unit used to minimize the dynamic range of the equalizer filter. A dynamic mask vector is used to mask active taps generated by the equalizer tap update unit when an unmasked signal output by the equalizer filter is selected by the switch to generate an error signal fed to the equalizer tap update unit. A fixed mask vector is used to mask active taps generated by the equalizer tap update unit when a masked signal output by the equalizer filter is used to generate the error signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for synchronizing a network. A plurality of existing nodes in the network may transmit beacons in accordance with a round-robin scheduling sequence. A new joining node may receive a beacon from a specific one of the existing nodes during a beacon interval, and transmit a join beacon frame during the beacon interval after waiting a random period of time. The specific existing node may receive the join beacon frame and transmit a notification to the other existing nodes in the network indicating that a new node is joining the network. Alternatively, the existing nodes may transmit a primary synchronization sequence (PSS) and a secondary synchronization sequence (SSS). After a new node receives the PSS and SSS from a specific one of the existing nodes, the new node may generate a random access channel (RACH) preamble indicating that it desires to join the network.

Abstract: A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) provides facilitation of cell search. In one embodiment, received samples are split into a plurality of sample sets for processing. Each of the sets is processed and an accumulated result is divided by an estimated noise value. In another embodiment, a code correlator correlates the received signal with a primary synchronization code and an auxiliary code correlator having a same length as the code correlator correlates the received signal with a code having a low cross correlation with the primary synchronization code. In another embodiment, a division of an accumulated result with a noise estimate is performed using indexes of the most significant bits.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for use in connection with wireless communication to adjust the frequency of an oscillator to synchronize with a received signal by correlating a synchronization code channel with training sequences to estimate relative offsets which are employed to estimate an error, which is then filtered. The filtered output preferably provides a voltage controlling a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). The same technique may be employed to control a numeric controlled oscillator (NCO).

Abstract: Described herein are methods, metrics and apparatus for bandwidth allocation for cognitive radio. Information that needs to be passed between different components of a dynamic spectrum management (DSM) system for dynamic bandwidth allocation along with the corresponding interfaces is identified. Methods and associated metrics for measuring network performance, evaluating channel sensing results and handling various bandwidth allocation scenarios are presented. Also provided is an admission control mechanism for quality of service support. Alternate channel monitoring may be performed in the background so that when a new channel is needed, an alternate channel may be immediately allocated and service disruption to the DSM system is reduced. A channel may be dynamically assigned as the primary channel in multiple channel scenarios to support tasks such as transmission of acknowledgment frames.

Abstract: Described herein is a silent period method and apparatus for dynamic spectrum management. The methods include configuration and coordination of silent periods across an aggregated channel in a wireless communication system. A silent period management entity (SPME) dynamically determines silent period schedules for channels based on system and device information and assigns a silent period duration and periodicity for each silent period. The SPME may reconfigure the silent period schedule based on system delay, system throughput, channel quality or channel management events. A silent period interpretation entity (SPIE) receives and implements the silent period schedule. The silent periods for the channels may be synchronized, independent, or set-synchronized.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for use in connection with wireless communication to adjust the frequency of an oscillator to synchronize with a received signal by correlating a synchronization code channel with training sequences to estimate relative offsets which are employed to estimate an error, which is then filtered. The filtered output preferably provides a voltage controlling a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). The same technique may be employed to control a numeric controlled oscillator (NCO).

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described that provides flexible spectrum usage by using a paired frequency division duplex (FDD) spectrum to enable dynamic access in television white space (TVWS), sub-leased spectrum or unlicensed spectrum, (e.g., industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) bands), in a femto cell environment or the like. Elastic FDD (E-FDD) enables femto cell operation in TVWS, sub-leased spectrum and/or unlicensed spectrum, either simultaneously with licensed spectrum or as an alternate channel to licensed spectrum. E-FDD enables dynamic asymmetric bandwidth allocation for uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) in FDD, and enables variable duplex spacing, (i.e., using FDD with minimum duplex spacing between DL and UL spectrum, or, using hybrid-FDD, (FDD in a time duplexed fashion), when a spectrum gap between the UL and DL spectrum is below a certain minimum threshold. Additionally, the signaling enhancements to implement E-FDD are also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating and correcting baseband frequency error in a receiver is disclosed. An equalizer performs equalization on a sample data stream and generates filter tap values based on the equalization. An estimated frequency error signal is generated based on at least one of the filter tap values. A rotating phasor is generated based on the estimated frequency error signal. The rotating phasor signal is multiplied with the sample data stream to correct the frequency of the sample data stream. Alternatively, a channel estimator performs channel estimation and generates Rake receive finger weights based on at least one of the finger weights. An estimated frequency error signal is generated based on at least one of the finger weights.

Abstract: Techniques for sending an aggregated beacon in a cognitive wireless network are disclosed. A beacon device may segment beacon information and send beacon segments via a plurality of channels simultaneously. A certain information elements of the beacon information may be included in each beacon segment. Each beacon segment may include channel information for other beacon segments that are transmitted simultaneously. Alternatively, a discovery beacon may be transmitted in addition to a regular beacon. The discovery beacon may include information indicating an operating channel on which the regular beacon is transmitted. The discovery beacon may be transmitted using a predetermined channel bandwidth, with a smaller beacon interval than the regular beacon, or in a frequency hopping fashion. The discovery beacon may be sent on a channel selected based on a regulatory class and corresponding channel information. The discovery beacon may be transmitted on a side channel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for identifying a code group representative of a predetermined number of base stations is disclosed. A chip offset within a frame is input into a first correlator. A plurality of samples of chips at which a primary synchronization code (PSC) has been detected are input into the first correlator. Output of the first correlator is multiplied by the complex conjugate of the PSC to obtain a magnitude for the signals being transmitted at the chips inputted into the first correlator. The magnitude is summed over four frames. The summed signals view of a predetermined set of decision variables is evaluated. A case number, a code group, a timeslot location, and a system frame number are determined based on the evaluation and noise estimation.

Abstract: Systems and methods for dynamic white space management are described. First, local handling of channel queries, in which a channel query by a white space device (WSD) is handled by a local dynamic spectrum management (DSM) server, if the DSM server has all the information necessary for providing a response to the channel query. Second, a search extension, in which a WSDB passes part of a search for available channels to a local DSM server. Third, assisting of an available channel calculation, in which a DSM server provides spectrum sensing information to WSDBs to improve the available channel calculation within the WSDBs. And fourth, dynamic bandwidth management to meet the coexistence requirements. In addition, the content of the messages and procedures that enable the above value-adding functions and interactions with the WSDB systems are described.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for dynamic spectrum management are disclosed. A node receives a request for sensing related information. In response to receiving the request, the node transmits the sensing related information. The sensing related information may include at least one of information about data fusion methods supported by the node, information about relaying methods supported by the node and information about at least one other node that is reachable from the node.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating and correcting baseband frequency error in a receiver is disclosed. An equalizer performs equalization on a sample data stream and generates filter tap values based on the equalization. An estimated frequency error signal is generated based on at least one of the filter tap values. A rotating phasor is generated based on the estimated frequency error signal. The rotating phasor signal is multiplied with the sample data stream to correct the frequency of the sample data stream. Alternatively, a channel estimator performs channel estimation and generates Rake receive finger weights based on at least one of the finger weights. An estimated frequency error signal is generated based on at least one of the finger weights.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for estimating and correcting baseband frequency error in a receiver are disclosed. An equalizer performs equalization on a sample data stream and generates filter tap values based on the equalization. An estimated frequency error signal is generated based on at least one of the filter tap values. A rotating phasor is generated based on the estimated frequency error signal. The rotating phasor signal is multiplied with the sample data stream to correct the frequency of the sample data stream. Alternatively, a channel estimator performs channel estimation and generates Rake receiver finger weights based on at least one of the finger weights. An estimated frequency error signal is generated based on at least one of the finger weights.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for estimating and correcting baseband frequency error in a receiver are disclosed. An equalizer performs equalization on a sample data stream and generates filter tap values based on the equalization. An estimated frequency error signal is generated based on at least one of the filter tap values. A rotating phasor is generated based on the estimated frequency error signal. The rotating phasor signal is multiplied with the sample data stream to correct the frequency of the sample data stream. Alternatively, a channel estimator performs channel estimation and generates Rake receiver finger weights based on at least one of the finger weights. An estimated frequency error signal is generated based on at least one of the finger weights.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing a power efficient cell search in a multi-cell wireless communication system are disclosed. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) having a memory that stores a cell identification list of prioritized previously top-ranked cell identities (IDs) is used to perform the cell search. A primary synchronization code (PSC) correlation peak location on a received signal is selected. A common pilot channel (CPICH) correlation value is determined by non-coherent integration of a local signal created based on a first cell ID on the cell identification list to the received signal. If the CPICH correlation value is greater than a noise threshold, thus indicating that the first cell ID is a newly found cell ID, or if a last cell ID in the cell identification list is reached, an additional determination is made as to whether there is more than one cell ID on the list having the same timing.

Abstract: A method of generating an index value associated with a primary synchronization code within a communication signal includes splitting a sampled communication signal into even and odd samples. The even and odd samples are correlated with a primary synchronization code of the communication signal and complex values of the even and odd samples are generated. Signal strength values for the even and odd samples are approximated and the approximate signal strength values within a frame of the communication signal are accumulated. A highest accumulated signal strength value is assigned as an index value.

Abstract: A method of generating an index value associated with a primary synchronization code within a communication signal includes splitting a sampled communication signal into even and odd samples. The even and odd samples are correlated with a primary synchronization code of the communication signal and complex values of the even and odd samples are generated. Signal strength values for the even and odd samples are approximated and the approximate signal strength values within a frame of the communication signal are accumulated. A highest accumulated signal strength value is assigned as an index value.