Abstract: An optical element is disclosed for use in a scanning system. The optical element comprises a carbon-based substrate having a first specific stiffness, and a titanium carbide coating having a second specific stiffness. The carbon-based substrate and the titanium carbide coating form a composite having a desired shape. The composite has a third specific stiffness that is greater than the first specific stiffness and greater than the second specific stiffness.

Abstract: An energy emitting system includes a housing with a controller, scanner and non-interruptible interface, having a bandwidth of at least 20 KHz and a latency of not more than 5 milliseconds, disposed therein. An interface port receives input at the housing. The controller issues command control signals, including trajectory control signals, corresponding to the received input. The non-interruptible interface interconnects the controller and the scanner, and communicates the issued trajectory control signals from the controller to the scanner. The scanner directs a continuous movement of energy simultaneously in two directions, in accordance with the communicated trajectory control signals.

Abstract: An energy emitting system includes a housing with a controller, scanner and non-interruptible interface, having a bandwidth of at least 20 KHz and a latency of not more than 5 milliseconds, disposed therein. An interface port receives input at the housing. The controller issues command control signals, including trajectory control signals, corresponding to the received input. The non-interruptible interface interconnects the controller and the scanner, and communicates the issued trajectory control signals from the controller to the scanner. The scanner directs a continuous movement of energy simultaneously in two directions, in accordance with the communicated trajectory control signals.

Abstract: A method of position measurement by processing at least two phase displaced signals and by selecting one signal for position measurement at a given position point. Specifically, the two phase displaced signals are quadrature signals and the selected signal has a more linear waveform slope relative to time at a given position point than the non-selected signal.

Abstract: A moving fluid containing pollutants including NOx compounds is subjected to a relatively low-power alternating-current dielectric discharge for a relatively long time duration. In this manner, pollutants are oxidized and dissociated while the temperature of the fluid is kept low enough to prevent the formation of new NOx pollutants.

Abstract: A composite lead is provided which electrically links and conducts a current between about 75-80K. and liquid helium temperature of about 4.5K. The composite lead may be employed singly or in multiples concurrently to provide conduction of electrical current from normal conductors and semi-conductors at room temperature to superconductors operating at 4.5K. In addition, a variety of organizationl arrangements and assemblies are provided by which the mechanical strength and electrical reliability of the composite lead is maintained.

Abstract: A unique class of adhesive alloys and bonding methods for their use are provided which enable the user to join non-conductive materials to themselves or to electrically conductive materials. The bonding alloys have enhanced wetting properties and a melting point less than 100.degree. C. in all instances. The bonding alloys are unusual and advantageous in that they create an intimate, direct, and enduring contact between the materials while minimizing mechanical and chemical stresses.

Abstract: A unique class of bonding alloys and methods for their use are provided which enable the user to electrically join superconductive materials to themselves, to normal conductive materials, or to semi-conductors. The bonding alloys have enhanced wetting properties and a melting point less than 100.degree. C. in all instances. The bonding alloys are unusual and advantageous in that they create an intimate, direct, mechanical and electrical contact between the superconductive material and any other electrical conductor while minimizing mechanical and chemical stresses and avoiding alterations to the superconductive material itself.

Abstract: A unique class of bonding alloys and methods for their use are provided which enable the user to electrically join superconductive materials to themselves, to normal conductive materials, or to semi-conductors. The bonding alloys have enhanced wetting properties and a melting point less than 100.degree. C. in all instances. The bonding alloys are unusual and advantageous in that they create an intimate, direct, mechanical and electrical contact between the superconductive material and any other electrical conductor while minimizing mechanical and chemical stresses and avoiding alterations to the superconductive material itself.